The traditional crafts and art of the Maldives are not just pretty things; they’re living stories, woven with the archipelago’s history, culture, and connection to the sea. Preserving them is crucial for maintaining the Maldivian identity and providing future generations with a tangible link to their heritage. From the intricate lacquer work to the rhythmic beats of Bodu Beru music, these art forms are a vital part of what makes the Maldives unique.
The Threat to Traditional Crafts
Unfortunately, these cherished crafts face multiple threats. Globalisation brings in mass-produced goods that undercut local artisans. The allure of modern careers draws younger generations away from learning traditional skills. The rising cost of raw materials, such as specific types of wood for lacquer work or the coir needed for rope making, also poses a significant challenge. Furthermore, changes in lifestyle and tourism trends can impact the demand for traditional crafts, leading to their gradual decline.
Lacquer Work: A Dying Art
Lacquer work, known as laajehun, is perhaps one of the most iconic Maldivian crafts. It involves intricately carving wood and then applying layers of colored lacquer derived from tree resin. The process is painstaking, requiring skilled artisans and specialized tools. Today, only a handful of skilled lacquer workers remain, primarily on the island of Baa Atoll Thulhaadhoo.
The Craft: Traditional lacquer products included vases, jewelry boxes, and even writing instruments. The colors used often have symbolic meaning, with red, black, and yellow being most prominent. Authentic Maldivian lacquer work involves traditional motifs such as geometric patterns (rosettes) and floral designs. One of the most sought-after items is traditionally known as ‘kurandi bae’ (a small box for storing precious items).
Conservation Efforts: Organizations like the National Centre for the Arts (NCA) and some local NGOs are trying to revive lacquer work through training programs and workshops. These programs aim to transfer skills to younger generations and raise awareness about the importance of preserving this art form.
Purchasing Genuine Lacquerware: When buying lacquer work, ensure that the items are authentically made by Maldivian artisans, preferably sourced directly from Thulhaadhoo. Be wary of cheaper, mass-produced imitations that don’t use traditional methods. Look for the fine detailing and the quality of the lacquer application as indicators of genuine craftsmanship. A traditional lacquer small item can cost from USD 50 to several hundred dollars, depending on its complexity.
Weaving: From Mats to Sails
Weaving has been an integral part of Maldivian life for centuries. Traditionally, Maldivians used various natural fibres like coconut coir (rua), screwpine leaves (haashi), and reed to create everyday items from mats (goadun) and baskets to sails for boats.
Mat Weaving: Mat weaving is a common craft, especially among women in rural islands. Traditionally, mats are used for sleeping, sitting, and praying. Intricate designs and patterns using dyed screwpine leaves can transform a simple mat into an artistic masterpiece. The designs often reflect the weaver’s personal story or represent local flora and fauna. You can often find these mats in local markets, particularly on islands like Fuvahmulah and Addu Atoll. The price of a hand-woven mat can range from USD 20 to USD 100, depending on size, intricacy, and the materials used.
Coir Rope Making: Coconut coir, the fibrous husk of coconuts, has been used to make strong ropes, known as rua. Coir rope making was a crucial part of the boat building era. Although it has decreased due to the increased availability and usage of synthetic rope, it is still practised on few islands due to the inherent need for it.
Challenges: Mass production of synthetic materials threatens this craft, making it less commercially viable. Support is needed to help weavers find new markets for their products and ensure that traditional techniques are passed down.
Supporting the Craft: When visiting local islands, look for hand-woven products at local markets or cooperatives. Engage in conversation with the artisans to learn about their craft and the stories behind their designs. Consider purchasing authentic, locally made items as souvenirs.
Boat Building: Dhows and Beyond
The Maldives has a rich maritime history, and traditional boat building is intrinsically linked to the Maldivian identity. The dhoni, a traditional sailing vessel, is a symbol of the Maldives and was once the primary mode of transportation and fishing.
The Art of Dhoni Construction: Building a dhoni is a complex process that requires extensive knowledge of woodworking, navigation, and the sea. Traditional boat builders use locally sourced wood and time-tested techniques passed down through generations. While modern fiberglass boats are now more common, some artisans still maintain the skill of building traditional wooden vessels.
The Challenge of Modernisation: The increasing popularity of faster, more durable fiberglass boats has led to a decline in the demand for traditional dhonis. Skills are slowly fading as the new generation are not taking up boat-building as a profession and the costs of traditional construction have made maintaining wooden boats expensive.
Preservation efforts: One suggestion would be for the government or NGOs to initiate programmes in the tourism sector. This could take the form of offering traditional sailing trips or demonstration of building dhonis for interested tourists. Another suggestion would be to host special events to encourage traditional artisans by showcasing their skills.
Blacksmithing: Forging Tools and Traditions
Blacksmithing, or ahani, has played a vital role in Maldivian society, especially in the outer islands. In the past, Blacksmiths were responsible for crafting essential tools such as knives, spearheads, and agricultural implements. They also created intricate ironwork for boat building.
The Craft: Traditional Maldivian blacksmiths used locally sourced iron ore and charcoal. They employed traditional techniques to heat, shape, and temper the metal. The skill required years of practice and a deep understanding of the properties of iron. The blacksmith community has decreased in the Maldives dramatically, making it one of the trades that require serious attention to save it for generations to come.
The impact of Imported Goods: The availability of cheap, mass-produced tools and implements from other countries has significantly reduced the demand for local blacksmithing. Like other traditional crafts, it is on the verge of extinction should sufficient support not be given to preserve it.
Maldivian Music and Dance: Telling Stories Through Art
Maldivian music and dance are intrinsic to the culture, expressing stories, traditions, and emotions. Three most prominent types of performing arts include Bodu Beru, Thaara and Dhandi Jehun. These are often performed during festivities, celebrations, and special occasions.
Bodu Beru: Bodu Beru, which literally translates to “big drum,” is perhaps the most popular form of Maldivian music. It is performed by a group of musicians using drums made from coconut wood and covered with goat skin or ray skin. The music starts slowly and gradually builds to a frenetic pace, accompanied by energetic dancing. The songs often tell stories of heroism, satire, or everyday life. You can witness Bodu Beru performances at cultural events, resorts, and on local inhabited islands usually during festive occasions.
Thaara: Thaara is a unique Maldivian form of music believed to draw roots from Middle Eastern influences. It involves musicians playing percussive instruments, often tambourines, and singing rhythmic songs in Dhivehi. Thaara is traditionally performed by men and often features complex harmonies and rhythmic patterns. It is especially popular on Addu Atoll and often performed during religious festivals.
Dhandi Jehun: This is a traditional game and performance typically done by women during Eid festivals. Players hit decorated sticks (dhandi) together in rhythmic patterns while singing traditional songs. The movements and songs are carefully choreographed to create a visually and audibly engaging performance. It is practiced and performed in local islands.
The Challenge of Modernisation: The influence of Western music and culture poses a challenge to traditional Maldivian music and dance. Younger generations may be more drawn to modern music genres, leading to a decline in interest in traditional art forms. In addition, there is a lack of professional career paths available for Maldivian musicians, leading them to make a hard choice to pursue other jobs.
Keeping the Rhythms Alive: Support local musicians and dancers by attending performances and workshops. Encourage children to learn traditional Maldivian instruments and dances. Promote Maldivian music and dance through local media and social media platforms. Several resorts may hire Maldivian musicians for the entertainment scene.
The Role of Education and Awareness
Education and awareness are crucial for safeguarding traditional Maldivian crafts and art. Integrating these art forms into the school curriculum can help children appreciate their cultural heritage from a young age. Workshops, exhibitions, and cultural events can raise awareness among the general public and promote the value of traditional skills.
Initiatives: The Ministry of Education in the Maldives could partner with the Ministry of Tourism and NCA to develop educational programs that focus on traditional Maldivian crafts and arts. These programs could include hands-on workshops, field trips to craft centers, and opportunities to meet and learn from master artisans. By incorporating cultural education into the school curriculum, future generations can develop a greater understanding and appreciation for their heritage.
Tourism as a Double-Edged Sword
Tourism can be both a blessing and a curse for traditional Maldivian crafts and art. On the one hand, it provides a market for local artisans to sell their products and showcase their skills. Tourists are often interested in buying authentic souvenirs that represent the local culture. On the other hand, tourism can also lead to the commercialization and degradation of traditional art forms, with artisans producing low-quality, mass-produced items to cater to tourist demand. It’s important to promote responsible tourism that supports authentic craftsmanship and respects cultural traditions.
Recommendations: Tourists can play a significant role in preserving Maldivian crafts by purchasing only authentic, locally made products. Look for items that are made with traditional materials and techniques. Support artisans by buying directly from them at local markets or craft centers. Be willing to pay a fair price for high-quality craftsmanship. Avoid buying cheap, mass-produced imitations that do not contribute to the local economy or preserve traditional skills. Also, consider taking part in cultural tours that focus on traditional arts and crafts. These tours provide a unique opportunity to learn about the history, techniques, and cultural significance of Maldivian crafts from local experts.
The Importance of Government Support
Government support is essential for the long-term survival of traditional Maldivian crafts and art. The government can provide financial assistance to artisans, promote traditional crafts through marketing and branding initiatives, and protect intellectual property rights. It can also establish training centers to transfer skills to younger generations, provide access to raw materials, and create a supportive environment for artisans to thrive.
Examples: The government could offer grants or subsidies to artisans to help them purchase raw materials or equipment. It could establish a national brand for Maldivian crafts that ensures quality and authenticity. It could work with local communities to establish craft centers that serve as hubs for production, training, and marketing. By taking these steps, the government can play a vital role in preserving and promoting traditional Maldivian crafts and art.
The Future of Maldivian Crafts and Art
The future of traditional Maldivian crafts and art depends on the collective efforts of artisans, communities, the government, and tourists. By working together, we can ensure that these valuable traditions continue to thrive for generations to come.
FAQ Section
What are the main threats to traditional Maldivian crafts?
The main threats include globalisation, which introduces cheaper mass-produced goods; the allure of modern careers, which draws young people away from traditional skills; the rising cost of raw materials; and changes in tourism trends.
How can I be sure I’m buying authentic Maldivian crafts?
Purchase directly from artisans in local markets or cooperatives, especially on islands known for specific crafts (like Thulhaadhoo for lacquer work). Look for items made with traditional materials and techniques, and be wary of anything that seems too cheap.
What is Bodu Beru?
Bodu Beru is a traditional Maldivian music form involving big drums and energetic dancing. Performances can be seen at cultural events, resorts, and on local islands, especially during festivals.
How can I support the preservation of these crafts as a tourist?
Buy authentic, locally made products, support artisans directly, pay fair prices, and consider taking cultural tours that focus on traditional arts and crafts. Also, engage in conversations with artisans to learn about their work and the stories behind the crafts.
What is the government doing to support these crafts?
The government can play a crucial role by providing financial assistance to artisans, promoting crafts through marketing initiatives, protecting intellectual property rights, establishing training centers, and providing access to raw materials.
References
Note: Due to the limitations of providing a comprehensive and up-to-date references list on a topic with limited centralized resources, the following are general types of sources and organizations that provide information on Maldivian culture and crafts. Detailed, specific links are embedded within the body copy.
- National Centre for the Arts (NCA), Maldives
- Ministry of Tourism, Maldives
- Academic Research and Publications on South Asian Art and Culture
- Local Island Councils & Cultural Centers
The beauty and value of Maldivian crafts and art resonate through generations. Your support and engagement are vital in safeguarding these treasures. It is upon all the stakeholders, including the government, the visitors and the Maldivians themselves to actively take the required steps to preserve them. So, let’s make a conscious effort to appreciate and champion these unique cultural expressions, ensuring they continue to enrich the Maldivian identity for many years to come. Consider learning a traditional skill, attending a cultural event, or simply sharing your love for Maldivian art with others. Every action counts!