Hawaii’s Lava Flows: Witnessing Creation in Action on the Big Island

Hawaii’s Big Island offers a truly unique experience: witnessing the raw, powerful creation of land through active lava flows. This isn’t just about seeing a volcano; it’s about connecting with the Earth’s fiery heart, watching new earth being born, and feeling the immense forces that shape our planet. From active eruptions within Hawai&699;i Volcanoes National Park to boat tours approaching coastal lava entries, there are multiple ways to witness this incredible phenomenon. This article explores the best ways to experience the lava flows on the Big Island, ensuring a safe, respectful, and unforgettable adventure.

Understanding Kilauea and Its Lava Flows

Kilauea is one of the world’s most active volcanoes, and its behavior dictates the nature of the lava viewing opportunities. For many years, the Pu&699;u&699;&333;&699;&333; vent was a significant source of surface flows. However, the 2018 eruption dramatically changed the landscape. A caldera collapse at the summit of Kilauea and a massive eruption in the Lower East Rift Zone altered the flow patterns dramatically. The summit lava lake drained away, and the lower Puna region was significantly impacted by lava flows. Now, the activity is more focused at the summit of Kilauea within Halema&699;uma&699;u crater. This means that the experiences have adapted.

Currently, the primary lava viewing is inside Hawai&699;i Volcanoes National Park. The USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory provides up-to-date information on volcanic activity. Before you even think about viewing lava, check their website for the latest status reports, alerts, and safety guidelines. This is absolutely essential for planning a safe trip.

Hawai&699;i Volcanoes National Park: Your Front-Row Seat

Hawai&699;i Volcanoes National Park is the most accessible and safest way to witness Kilauea’s volcanic activity. While direct surface flows may not always be visible, the park offers incredible views into Halema&699;uma&699;u crater, where lava activity creates a mesmerizing glow and sometimes even fountains of lava. Here’s how to maximize your experience:

Jaggar Museum Overlook (Now the U&275;kahuna Overlook)

The former Jaggar Museum was a prime viewing spot, but due to damage from the 2018 eruption and subsequent earthquakes, the museum building is closed. However, the overlook area near the former location, now known as the U&275;kahuna Overlook, still offers fantastic views of Halema&699;uma&699;u crater. From here, you can observe the volcanic plume, the glow at night, and if you’re lucky, even see lava fountaining within the crater.

Cost: Entrance to Hawai&699;i Volcanoes National Park is $30 per vehicle, valid for 7 days. You can also purchase an “America the Beautiful” annual pass for $80, granting access to all national parks.

Directions: From Hilo, drive southwest on Highway 11 for about 30 miles. The park entrance will be on your right. Follow the signs to the U&275;kahuna Overlook.

Recommendations: Arrive well before sunset to secure a good viewing spot. Bring binoculars for a closer look. Dress warmly, as temperatures can drop significantly at night, especially at higher elevations. Check the park’s website for any closures or alerts before your visit.

K&299;lauea Iki Trail

For the adventurous, the K&299;lauea Iki Trail offers a unique perspective on volcanic landscapes. This moderate 4-mile loop descends into the K&299;lauea Iki crater, which erupted in 1959. You’ll hike across the solidified lava lake floor, surrounded by towering cinder cones. It’s a surreal and unforgettable experience.

Cost: Included with the park entrance fee.

Directions: The trailhead is located near the K&299;lauea Iki Overlook, off Crater Rim Drive.

Recommendations: Wear sturdy hiking shoes as the lava rock can be uneven and sharp. Bring plenty of water and sun protection. Be aware of the elevation and potential for altitude sickness. The trail can be hot and exposed during the day, so consider hiking in the early morning or late afternoon.

Halema&699;uma&699;u Trail

This trail offers various vantage points to observe the volcanic activity within Halema&699;uma&699;u crater. The trail allows visitors to see steam vents and the sulfur banks, further emphasizing the volcanoes activity.

Cost: Included with the park entrance fee.

Directions: The trailhead is located near the visitor center. It is a short walk.

Recommendations: Bring a camera to capture the landscapes. Remember to be careful with the sulfur fumes. Always stay on the designated trails and be aware of your surroundings.

Nighttime Viewing

Viewing the lava glow at night is a truly remarkable experience. The red glow emanating from Halema&699;uma&699;u crater is visible from several locations within the park, including the U&275;kahuna Overlook. The contrast between the dark sky and the fiery glow is awe-inspiring.

Recommendations: Bring a flashlight or headlamp for navigating in the dark. Dress warmly, as temperatures can drop significantly after sunset. Check the park’s website for any nighttime closures or alerts.

Boat Tours: Approaching Coastal Lava Entries (When Available)

When lava flows reach the ocean, it creates a dramatic display of fire and water. Boat tours used to offer the opportunity to witness this phenomenon up close. However, those tours are highly dependent on where the lava is flowing, and whether or not it reaches the ocean. When coastal entries are active, these tours are an incredible experience. Keep in mind that these tours are highly dependent on current eruption conditions and ocean entry locations. They can be quite costly (typically $200-$300 per person) due to fuel costs, insurance and specialized licenses, and the need to maintain a safe distance from the molten lava and the hazardous steam plume created when lava meets the ocean.

Safety Considerations:

• Lava ocean entries are extremely dangerous. The interaction of lava and seawater creates explosive steam blasts that can hurl molten rock and debris hundreds of feet into the air.
• The ocean near lava entries is unstable. New land is constantly being created, and the surrounding cliffs can collapse without warning.
• The steam plume is toxic. It contains hydrochloric acid and fine glass particles that can irritate the skin, eyes, and lungs.

Recommendations (When Available): Choose a reputable tour operator with experienced captains and crew. Heed all safety instructions and wear appropriate protective gear. Be prepared for rough seas and potential delays due to weather conditions. Bring rain gear, sunscreen, and plenty of water.

Helicopter Tours: An Aerial Perspective

Helicopter tours offer a bird’s-eye view of the volcanic landscape. You’ll soar over active craters, lava fields, and the black sand beaches that characterize the Big Island’s volcanic coastline. It’s a fantastic way to appreciate the scale and scope of the volcanic activity.

Cost: Helicopter tours typically range from $300 to $500 per person, depending on the duration and route.

Recommendations: Book your tour in advance, especially during peak season. Choose a reputable tour operator with experienced pilots and a good safety record. Ask about the tour route and what you can expect to see. Bring a camera with a zoom lens to capture the best views. Be aware that helicopter tours can be affected by weather conditions and visibility. Some tours may not fly directly over the active lava flow due to safety regulations.

Safety First: Respecting the Volcano

Witnessing active lava flows is an incredible experience, but it’s crucial to prioritize safety. Here are some important guidelines to keep in mind:

• Stay informed. Check the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory website and the Hawai&699;i Volcanoes National Park website for the latest updates on volcanic activity, alerts, and closures.
• Heed all warnings and instructions. Follow the directions of park rangers and tour operators. Stay within designated viewing areas and avoid venturing into restricted zones.
• Be aware of volcanic hazards. Lava flows can change direction quickly and be unpredictable. Fumes from the volcano can be harmful, especially to people with respiratory problems.
• Wear appropriate clothing. Wear sturdy shoes, long pants, and a long-sleeved shirt to protect yourself from heat and sharp rocks. Bring a hat, sunscreen, and plenty of water.
• Respect the environment. Do not touch or remove any lava rocks or volcanic debris. Pack out everything you pack in.

Planning Your Trip to See Lava Flows

Planning is important to maximize your chances of witnessing lava flows. Here are some tips:

• Best Time to Visit: There is no guaranteed “best” time to visit, as volcanic activity can change at any time. However, the dry season (April to September) generally offers better weather conditions for outdoor activities. Nighttime viewing is best on clear nights with minimal moonlight.
• Accommodation: Consider staying in the town of Volcano, located just outside Hawai&699;i Volcanoes National Park. This provides easy access to the park’s attractions. Hilo, located about 45 minutes away, offers a wider range of lodging options.
• Transportation: Renting a car is highly recommended for exploring the Big Island and accessing Hawai&699;i Volcanoes National Park.

Beyond the Lava: Exploring the Big Island

While witnessing lava flows is a highlight, the Big Island offers much more to explore. Consider adding these attractions to your itinerary:

• Punalu’u Black Sand Beach: Relax on the black sand and look for Hawaiian green sea turtles.
• Mauna Kea Observatories: Visit the summit of Mauna Kea for stargazing and views of world-class astronomical observatories (reservations required for summit access).
• Waipio Valley: Hike or take a guided tour down into this lush valley, known for its waterfalls and taro farms.
• Akaka Falls State Park: Hike through rainforest to see the stunning Akaka Falls, plunging 442 feet.
• Coffee Plantations: Tour a Kona coffee plantation and sample the world-famous coffee.

The Future of Lava Viewing

Volcanic activity is unpredictable, and the opportunities to witness lava flows on the Big Island may change over time. The 2018 eruption dramatically altered the landscape and shifted the focus of volcanic activity to the summit of Kilauea. It’s essential to stay informed about the latest conditions and plan your trip accordingly. Even without surface flows, Hawai&699;i Volcanoes National Park offers an incredible opportunity to witness the raw power and beauty of a living volcano. The glow from Halema&699;uma&699;u crater, the steam plumes, and the vast lava fields are all reminders of the dynamic forces that shape our planet.

Tips for Capturing the Moment

Photographing active lava flows can be challenging but rewarding. Here are some tips to help you capture stunning images:

• Use a tripod. A tripod is essential for sharp images, especially in low-light conditions.
• Use a wide-angle lens. A wide-angle lens will allow you to capture the entire scene, including the lava flow and the surrounding landscape.
• Use a telephoto lens. A telephoto lens will allow you to zoom in on the details of the lava flow.
• Shoot in manual mode. Manual mode gives you complete control over the exposure settings. Start with a low ISO (100 or 200) and adjust the aperture and shutter speed to achieve the desired exposure.
• Use a neutral density filter. A neutral density filter will help you reduce the amount of light entering the lens, allowing you to use a slower shutter speed to capture motion blur in the lava flow.
• Shoot in RAW format. Shooting in RAW format will give you more flexibility in post-processing.

Remember to protect your camera gear from the harsh volcanic environment. Use a lens filter to protect the lens from dust and fumes. Keep your camera bag closed when not in use. And be careful not to drop your camera on the sharp lava rocks.

FAQ Section

Q: Is it safe to view lava flows?

A: Viewing lava flows can be safe if you follow all safety guidelines and heed all warnings from park rangers and tour operators. Stay within designated viewing areas, avoid venturing into restricted zones, and be aware of volcanic hazards.

Q: Can I hike to the lava flows?

A: Hiking to active surface flows is generally not permitted due to safety concerns. However, several trails within Hawai&699;i Volcanoes National Park offer views of the volcanic landscape.

Q: What should I wear to see lava flows?

A: Wear sturdy shoes, long pants, and a long-sleeved shirt to protect yourself from heat and sharp rocks. Bring a hat, sunscreen, and plenty of water. Dress warmly if you plan to view the lava at night.

Q: Can I see lava flowing into the ocean?

A: Ocean entries are dependent on the nature of the eruptions. Check with tour operators or the local authorities for the latest possibility of the ocean entries.

Q: Is it expensive to see lava flows?

A: The cost of seeing lava flows can vary depending on the type of experience you choose. Entrance to Hawai&699;i Volcanoes National Park is $30 per vehicle. Boat tours and helicopter tours can range from $200 to $500 per person.

References

1. USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Website
2. National Park Service – Hawai&699;i Volcanoes National Park

Ready to witness the Earth’s raw power? Plan your trip to the Big Island now! Check the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory for the latest updates, book your accommodations, pack your bags, and prepare for an unforgettable adventure. Whether you’re gazing into the fiery depths of Halema&699;uma&699;u crater, hiking across a solidified lava lake, or soaring over volcanic landscapes by helicopter, the Big Island offers an unparalleled opportunity to connect with the planet’s fiery heart. Don’t just dream about it – experience it! Start planning your lava adventure today!