Hawaii’s volcanic landscape is constantly evolving, and nowhere is this more evident than in its lava fields. These surreal terrains offer a unique opportunity to witness the creation of new land, a testament to the raw power of the earth. From hardened flows stretching to the horizon to active eruptions painting the night sky with fiery hues, exploring these areas is an unforgettable experience – if you know where to go and how to do it safely.
Kilauea: The Heart of Volcanic Activity
Kilauea, one of the world’s most active volcanoes, located on the Big Island, is the epicenter of Hawaiian volcanic activity. For decades, it produced a near-constant lava flow, dramatically reshaping the coastline and creating brand new land. While the 2018 eruption caused significant changes, including the collapse of the summit caldera and a pause in surface flows, Kilauea continues to put on a show. Before venturing out, it’s absolutely critical to check the current Volcano Alert Level and aviation color code issued by the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. This will give you an understanding of the level of activity and any potential hazards.
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park: Your Gateway to Lava
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park is the best place to begin your exploration of Kilauea’s volcanic landscapes and learn about the park fees and how to purchase a pass. The park offers various trails and viewpoints providing different perspectives on the volcano’s power. Here are some key spots:
Jaggar Museum Overlook (Now the U&275;kahuna Overlook)
While the Jaggar Museum itself was severely damaged in the 2018 eruption, the U&275;kahuna Overlook offers panoramic views of the Kilauea caldera. From here, when conditions allow, you can glimpse the volcanic activity within Halema’uma’u crater. Keep in mind that volcanic gases, vog (volcanic smog), and changing conditions can affect visibility. The overlook area has been improved after the 2018 eruption, providing a safer and more accessible viewing point. The USGS provides real-time webcam feeds of the summit, allowing you to assess visibility from afar before making the trip.
Thurston Lava Tube (N&257;huku)
Take a walk through N&257;huku, also known as the Thurston Lava Tube, a fascinating example of how lava carves out underground pathways. This is a subterranean cave formed when molten lava flowed through an area, cooled on the surface, and continued to drain, leaving behind a hollow tube. It’s a relatively easy walk, well-lit (though bring a flashlight for a closer look at the walls), and offers a cool respite from the often-hot Hawaiian sun. The entrance to the tube is located near the K&299;lauea Iki Overlook. Park rangers sometimes offer guided tours that provide additional insights into the tube’s formation and ecosystem.
K&299;lauea Iki Trail
The K&299;lauea Iki Trail is a moderate, 4-mile loop that takes you down into the crater of K&299;lauea Iki, a dormant cinder cone that erupted dramatically in 1959. The trail starts along the crater rim, then descends through a lush rainforest before reaching the solidified lava lake at the bottom. Walking across the crater floor is an amazing experience, providing a tangible sense of the volcano’s power. Be sure to bring plenty of water, sunscreen, and sturdy hiking shoes as the terrain can be uneven and hot, especially on the crater floor.
Chain of Craters Road
Chain of Craters Road is a scenic drive that descends over 3,700 feet from the summit of Kilauea to the coast. Along the way, you’ll pass numerous craters, lava flows from different eras, and stunning ocean views. One of the highlights is the H&333;lei Sea Arch, a natural rock formation carved by the relentless power of the ocean. The road ends where past lava flows have covered it, a stark reminder of the volcano’s constant reshaping of the landscape. Take note of the numbered pullouts along the road; these typically correspond to points of interest highlighted in park brochures, allowing you to learn more about the individual features. There are no gas stations along Chain of Craters Road so ensure you have enough gas.
Active Lava Viewing: An Ever-Changing Landscape
Witnessing active lava flowing is an extraordinary experience. However, it’s essential to understand that lava flows are unpredictable and access can change rapidly. Current park alerts and advisories will provide the most up-to-date information. When Kilauea is actively erupting, access to viewing areas is typically managed to ensure visitor safety. This may involve timed entry passes or limited parking. Check the National Park’s website for the most current information on active viewing spots. Always obey park ranger instructions and stay within designated viewing areas.
Lava Boat Tours
When conditions are right, several companies offer lava boat tours that take you close to the active lava entering the ocean. Be warned: these tours can be rough. While incredibly exciting, lava boat tours are not for the faint of heart and are dependent on specific conditions of volcanic activity. It’s crucial to choose a reputable operator, like Kalapana Cultural Tours known for its commitment to safety and environmental responsibility. The splashing of water near molten lava creates steam plumes containing hydrochloric acid, which, if inhaled, can be an irritant. Tours are often canceled or rescheduled due to unexpected shifts in volcanic activity or poor ocean conditions, emphasizing the need for flexibility when booking.
Beyond the National Park: Exploring Other Lava Fields
While Hawaii Volcanoes National Park is the primary destination for lava viewing, other areas on the Big Island also offer incredible opportunities to explore volcanic landscapes.
Pu’uhonua o Honaunau National Historical Park
Pu’uhonua o Honaunau, also known as the Place of Refuge, is not specifically known for its lava fields, but it does provide a glimpse into the relationship between Hawaiians and the volcanic landscape. The park itself is fascinating, preserving a traditional Hawaiian settlement and offering a powerful cultural experience. Its proximity to relatively recent lava flows contrasts sharply with the lush vegetation, allowing you to clearly see how life reclaims even the harshest volcanic terrain. Consider taking a ranger-led tour to learn more about the cultural significance of the area.
Safety First: Essential Precautions
Exploring lava fields can be dangerous if you’re not prepared. Volcanic areas present several hazards, including:
- Volcanic Gases: Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is the most common gas released during volcanic activity and can cause respiratory problems, especially for those with asthma or other pre-existing conditions. High concentrations of vog can also irritate the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. Pay attention to air quality reports and limit your exposure, if affected by vog.
- Unstable Ground: Lava flows can be brittle and unstable. Walking on recent flows can be risky as the ground may collapse under your weight. Stick to marked trails and avoid venturing onto uneven surfaces.
- Heat: Lava retains heat for a long time after it cools. Be mindful of the surrounding temperature and avoid touching rocks that may still be hot. The sun reflecting off black lava rocks can be intense. Wear sunscreen, a hat, and sunglasses.
- Ocean Entry Hazards: When lava flows into the ocean, it creates steam plumes that can contain hydrochloric acid and tiny shards of volcanic glass. Avoid prolonged exposure to these plumes. Close-in ocean entry viewing is hazardous.
- Flash Flooding: Rainfall can quickly flood lava tubes and craters, creating dangerous conditions. Check the weather forecast before heading out and be prepared for sudden changes.
Here’s a checklist of essential items to bring:
- Sturdy Hiking Boots: Essential for navigating uneven terrain.
- Plenty of Water: Stay hydrated, especially in hot, dry conditions.
- Sunscreen, Hat, and Sunglasses: Protect yourself from the intense sun and glare.
- Flashlight or Headlamp: Necessary for exploring lava tubes or hiking in low light.
- Long Pants and Sleeves: Provides protection from the sun, heat, and rough surfaces.
- First-Aid Kit: Include essentials for treating minor cuts, scrapes, and burns.
- Camera: Capture the incredible landscapes, but be mindful of your surroundings.
- Gas Mask or Respirator: Consider bringing one if you are susceptible to volcanic gasses
Planning Your Trip: Practical Tips
To maximize your experience and ensure a safe trip, consider these planning tips:
- Check Conditions: Before you go, check the latest updates on volcanic activity, weather conditions, and park alerts from the National Park Service and the USGS.
- Book Accommodations in Advance: Lodging near Hawaii Volcanoes National Park fills up quickly, especially during peak season. Make reservations well in advance. Options range from hotels in Volcano Village to vacation rentals in nearby communities.
- Consider a Guided Tour: A guided tour can provide valuable insights into the geology, history, and culture of the volcanic landscape. Several reputable tour operators offer a variety of experiences, from hiking to lava tube exploration.
- Be Prepared for Changes: Volcanic activity is unpredictable. Be flexible with your itinerary and prepared to adjust your plans if necessary.
- Respect the ‘Aina (Land): Treat the land with respect. Avoid disturbing fragile ecosystems, stay on marked trails, and pack out everything you pack in.
Budgeting Your Trip
The cost of exploring Hawaii’s lava fields can vary depending on your travel style and chosen activities. Here’s a general breakdown:
- Flights: Round-trip flights to the Big Island can range from $300 to $800 or more, depending on your origin and time of year.
- Accommodation: Expect to pay between $150 and $300+ per night for lodging near Hawaii Volcanoes National Park.
- Rental Car: A rental car is essential for exploring the Big Island. Prices typically range from $50 to $100+ per day.
- Park Entrance Fee: The entrance fee for Hawaii Volcanoes National Park is $30 per vehicle, valid for 7 days. Alternatively, an annual pass costs $55.
- Activities: Guided tours can range from $100 to $200+ per person. Lava boat tours are typically more expensive, averaging around $200 to $300 per person.
- Food and Drinks: Budget $50 to $100+ per day for meals and snacks.
Respecting Hawaiian Culture
Remember that the volcanic landscape holds deep cultural significance for Native Hawaiians. Pele, the volcano goddess, is revered as a powerful force of creation and destruction. Show respect for the land and its cultural heritage by:
- Avoiding stacking rocks or building structures on lava flows. These actions can disrupt the natural environment and are considered disrespectful.
- Learning about the cultural significance of the area and sharing your knowledge with others.
- Supporting local businesses and respecting Hawaiian traditions.
Photography Tips for Lava Landscapes
Photographing lava landscapes requires some special considerations. Here are a few tips to capture stunning images:
- Shoot during Golden Hour: The soft, warm light of sunrise and sunset is ideal for capturing the textures and colors of lava flows.
- Use a Polarizing Filter: A polarizing filter can reduce glare and enhance the colors of the sky and vegetation.
- Experiment with Long Exposures: Long exposures can create dramatic effects, especially when photographing flowing lava or steam plumes. Use a tripod to keep your camera steady.
- Pay Attention to Composition: Look for interesting patterns, textures, and shapes in the lava flows. Use leading lines to draw the viewer’s eye into the scene.
- Protect Your Gear: Volcanic dust and gases can be harmful to your camera equipment. Use a protective cloth or lens filter to shield your gear from the elements.
Responsible Travel
When exploring Hawaii’s lava fields, it’s essential to practice responsible tourism. Minimize your impact on the environment by:
- Staying on marked trails and avoiding disturbing vegetation.
- Packing out all trash and disposing of it properly.
- Supporting local businesses that are committed to sustainable practices.
- Respecting wildlife and avoiding feeding animals.
- Conserving water and energy.
FAQ Section
Is it safe to visit active lava flows?
Visiting active lava flows can be dangerous and requires careful consideration. Always check current conditions and follow the instructions of park rangers or tour operators. Avoid getting too close to the lava flow and be aware of the potential for volcanic gases, unstable ground, and ocean entry hazards.
What should I wear when exploring lava fields?
Wear sturdy hiking boots, long pants, and a long-sleeved shirt to protect yourself from the sun, heat, and rough surfaces. A hat and sunglasses are also essential. Consider bringing a respirator or gas mask if you’re sensitive to volcanic gases.
Can I take lava rocks as souvenirs?
It is illegal to remove rocks, soil, or other natural materials from national parks, including Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Additionally, many Hawaiians believe that removing lava rocks brings bad luck. Respect the ‘aina and leave the rocks where they are.
What is vog?
Vog (volcanic smog) is a haze caused by volcanic gases, primarily sulfur dioxide, reacting with sunlight, oxygen, moisture, and dust. Vog can irritate the eyes, skin, and respiratory system. Check air quality reports and limit your exposure if you’re sensitive to vog.
Are there accommodations inside Hawaii Volcanoes National Park?
Yes, the Volcano House hotel is located inside the park and offers lodging with stunning views of the Kilauea caldera. There are also several hotels, vacation rentals, and guesthouses in the nearby town of Volcano Village.
References
US Geological Survey (USGS) Hawaiian Volcano Observatory
National Park Service (NPS) Hawaii Volcanoes National Park
Ready to witness the raw power of creation? Plan your trip to Hawaii’s lava fields today. Check the current volcanic activity, pack your bags, and prepare for an unforgettable adventure. The landscape is constantly changing, but the awe-inspiring experience of witnessing the birth of new land will stay with you forever. Don’t just dream about it – go see it!