Big Island’s Lava Fields: Witnessing the Earth’s Raw Power

The Big Island’s lava fields are a stark and powerful testament to the Earth’s ongoing geological activity. Visiting them is an experience unlike any other, offering a glimpse into the raw, creative, and destructive forces shaping our planet. This is your guide to understanding, exploring, and respecting these dynamic landscapes.

Understanding the Volcanic Landscape

Let’s get one thing straight: the Big Island is volcanism. It’s essentially a collection of five volcanoes, with Kilauea being the most active. This non-stop activity is what creates these incredible lava fields, and each eruption paints a new layer onto the island’s ever-changing canvas. But what exactly are these fields?

Technically, a lava field is a large area covered by lava flows. These flows solidify as they cool, creating a landscape of hardened rock. The type of lava flow dictates the terrain. There are two primary types you’ll encounter: ‘A’a and Pāhoehoe.

‘A’a (pronounced “ah-ah”) is characterized by its rough, jagged, and clinkery surface. It’s formed from lava that is cooler and more viscous than pāhoehoe. Walking on ‘A’a lava is a tricky business; it’s sharp, uneven, and can be surprisingly unstable underfoot. Good, sturdy hiking boots are absolutely essential. Imagine walking on a field of broken glass, and you’re getting close to the ‘A’a experience.

Pāhoehoe (pronounced “pah-hoy-hoy”) on the other hand, is smooth, undulating, and often rope-like in appearance. It’s formed from hotter, more fluid lava. Walking on pāhoehoe is generally easier than on ‘A’a, but it can still be slippery, especially if it is covered in volcanic glass or has recently rained. Pāhoehoe lava often forms lava tubes, which are hollow channels that lava flowed through; these can be quite extensive and are sometimes accessible to explore (with caution and proper guidance, of course).

Where to Find the Lava Fields

Okay, so where exactly can you see these incredible lava fields? Several areas offer excellent viewing opportunities on the Big Island:

• Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park: This is the premier destination for experiencing volcanism. While active lava flows on the surface are not always present, the park offers extensive views of solidified lava fields, including the Kīlauea Iki Crater, the Halemaʻumaʻu crater overlook, and sections of the Crater Rim Drive (which may have closures or restrictions depending on volcanic activity, so always check the park’s official website before your visit).
• Chain of Craters Road: This scenic road winds down from the summit of Kilauea to the coast, passing through diverse volcanic landscapes. You’ll see various lava flows of different ages. At the Pulama pali area, you will reach the end of the road and have to walk. The road was cut off numerous times by lava flows, leaving unique views with lava rock all around it.
• Kalapana Lava Viewing Area (Currently Inactive): In the past, this area offered the closest views of active lava flows entering the ocean. However, as of the current date, there is no lava flow actively entering the ocean at this location. It is worth noting conditions constantly change at Kilauea, check with Hawaii Volcanoes National Park for lava viewing conditions.

Planning Your Visit

Before you head out to explore the lava fields, you’ll want to do some planning. Here are some key considerations:

Choosing the Right Time

The best time to visit can depend on what you want to see. If you’re hoping to glimpse active lava (again, not always guaranteed), nighttime viewing is usually best. The glow of the molten rock is much more visible in the dark. However, night hiking on lava fields can be dangerous, so it’s generally recommended that you go with a guided tour.

During the day, you’ll have better visibility of the geological formations and features of the lava fields. The weather on the Big Island can be unpredictable, with rain and sunshine often occurring in the same day. Check the forecast before you go and be prepared for changing conditions.

What to Wear and Bring

Comfort and safety should be your top priorities. Here’s a checklist of what to wear and bring:

• Sturdy Hiking Boots: An absolute must, especially for walking on ‘A’a lava. Ankle support is recommended.
• Long Pants: Help protect your legs from the sharp lava rock and sun exposure.
• Long-Sleeved Shirt: For sun protection and to prevent scrapes.
• Hat and Sunglasses: Essential for sun protection.
• Sunscreen: The sun can be intense, even on cloudy days.
• Plenty of Water: Staying hydrated is crucial, especially in the hot and dry conditions.
• Snacks: Bring some energy bars or trail mix to keep you going.
• Headlamp or Flashlight: If you’re planning on being out after dark.
• Backpack: To carry all of your essentials.
• First-Aid Kit: A small kit with essentials like bandages, antiseptic wipes, and pain relievers is always a good idea.
• Camera: You’ll definitely want to capture the stunning scenery.

Safety Considerations

Exploring lava fields can be an incredibly rewarding experience, but it’s important to be aware of the potential hazards and take precautions. Here are some key safety considerations:

• Stay on Marked Trails: Wandering off trail can be dangerous, as the terrain can be unstable and you could easily get lost. Especially around Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, there are marked trails for safer exploration.
• Be Aware of Volcanic Gases: Volcanic gases, such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), can be harmful to your health, especially for people with respiratory problems (asthma). The concentration of these gases can vary depending on the wind and volcanic activity. Check the air quality reports before you go and be prepared to leave the area if you experience any respiratory irritation.
• Watch Out for Steam Vents: Steam vents can be extremely hot and can cause severe burns. Stay away from them.
• Be Aware of the Weather: The weather on the Big Island can change rapidly. Be prepared for rain, sun, and wind.
• Don’t Touch the Lava: Even solidified lava can be very hot, and some areas may be unstable and prone to collapse. Plus, touching the lava is considered disrespectful by many Native Hawaiians.
• Respect the Environment: Leave no trace behind. Pack out everything you bring in, and don’t disturb or remove any rocks or plants.
• Heed All Warnings and Closures: Park rangers and other authorities may close areas or issue warnings due to volcanic activity, hazardous conditions, or other reasons. Always obey these warnings and closures.

Guided Tours vs. Self-Guided Exploration

Should you opt for a guided tour or explore the lava fields on your own? Both options have their pros and cons.

Guided tours offer several advantages. Experienced guides can provide valuable insights into the geology, history, and cultural significance of the lava fields. They can also ensure your safety by guiding you along safe routes and providing information about potential hazards. Many tour operators also provide transportation, equipment (like flashlights and walking sticks), and meals or snacks.

Popular guided tour options include:

• Helicopter Tours: For a birds-eye view of the lava fields. This can be a fantastic way to appreciate the scale and scope of the volcanic landscape. ($300+ per person).
• Walking Tours: These tours allow you to get up close to the lava formations and learn about the geology and history of the area. ($100-$200 per person).
• Bike Tours: Some tour operators offer bike tours of the lava fields, which can be a fun and active way to explore the area. ($150-$250 per person).

Going on your own allows you to explore at your own pace and customize your itinerary. However, it also requires more planning and preparation. You’ll need to research the area, choose your trails carefully, and be prepared to navigate independently. Make sure you have a good map, compass (or GPS), and the skills to use them. But for those looking to save some money, see what you can see from the pulama pali area (the end of Chain of Craters road, see above). It doesn’t cost any money, aside from the park entry.

Ultimately, the best option depends on your experience level, budget, and preferences. If you’re new to hiking or unfamiliar with volcanic landscapes, a guided tour is highly recommended. If you’re an experienced hiker and comfortable navigating on your own, you may prefer the freedom of self-guided exploration.

Respecting the Land and Culture

The Big Island is not just a geological wonder; it’s also a place of deep cultural significance for Native Hawaiians. The volcanoes are considered sacred, and the lava fields are seen as a manifestation of the goddess Pele. It’s essential to approach these landscapes with respect and reverence.

Here are some ways to show your respect:

• Avoid Touching or Removing Lava Rocks: This is not only disrespectful but also considered bad luck by many Native Hawaiians.
• Stay on Marked Trails: This helps to protect the fragile ecosystem and avoid disturbing cultural sites.
• Learn About the Local Culture: Take the time to learn about the history and traditions of the Hawaiian people. Visit cultural centers, attend local events, and talk to residents to gain a deeper understanding of the culture.
• Be Mindful of Your Impact: Minimize your environmental impact by packing out your trash, staying on trails, and avoiding disturbing plants or animals.

Beyond the Lava: Exploring the Big Island

While the lava fields are undoubtedly a highlight of the Big Island, there’s so much more to see and do. Here are just a few suggestions:

• Mauna Kea: Visit the summit of this dormant volcano for incredible stargazing opportunities. The Mauna Kea Observatories are home to some of the world’s most powerful telescopes.
• Punalu’u Black Sand Beach: Relax on the black sands and watch for sea turtles.
• Akaka Falls State Park: Hike through lush rainforest to see the stunning Akaka Falls.
• Waipio Valley: A dramatic valley with stunning views and access to a black sand beach.
• Coffee Plantations: Sample some of the world-famous Kona coffee.

The Big Island offers a diverse range of experiences, from its volcanic landscapes to its lush rainforests and pristine beaches.

FAQ Section

Is it safe to visit the lava fields?

Yes, but only if you take the proper precautions. Stay on marked trails, be aware of volcanic gases and steam vents, wear appropriate clothing and footwear, and heed all warnings and closures. If you’re unsure about your safety, a guided tour can provide valuable expertise and ensure your well-being.

Can I see active lava flowing on the Big Island right now?

Whether or not you can see active lava is dynamic and changes frequently. It is highly recommended to check the National Park Service website for the most up-to-date information on lava viewing conditions.

What is the best time of year to visit the Big Island?

The Big Island has a tropical climate, so it’s generally warm year-round. However, the winter months (December-February) tend to be wetter, while the summer months (June-August) are drier and hotter. The shoulder seasons (April-May and September-October) offer a good balance of pleasant weather and fewer crowds.

How much does it cost to visit Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park?

As of my last update, the entrance fee is $30 per vehicle, valid for 7 days. You can also purchase an annual America the Beautiful pass, which provides access to all national parks for $80. (check official website for updated prices)

What is the best way to get around the Big Island?

Renting a car is highly recommended, as public transportation is limited. This will give you the freedom to explore the island at your own pace and visit all the different attractions. 4-wheel-drive can be beneficial, but not necessarily required.

References List

• Hawaii Volcanoes National Park Official Website
• U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) – Hawaiian Volcano Observatory

Ready to witness the earth’s raw power? The Big Island’s lava fields await. Start planning your adventure today, and prepare to be amazed by one of the most extraordinary landscapes on Earth. Remember to respect the land, the culture, and take all necessary safety precautions. Your unforgettable journey begins now!