Unearthing the Ancient Hula: Beyond the Swaying Hips of Hawaii

Hula is far more than just pretty dancers swaying to the rhythm of ukuleles. It’s a living history, a spiritual practice, and a powerful storytelling medium woven into the very fabric of Hawaiian culture. Diving beneath the surface reveals a rich tapestry of meaning, purpose, and ancestral connection.

The Birthplace of Hula: Tracing its Origins

The exact origins of hula are shrouded in the mists of time, passed down through generations via oral tradition. While concrete dates are difficult to pinpoint, most accounts trace its roots back to the Hawaiian Islands long before Western contact. Legend tells of Laka, the goddess of hula, giving birth to the dance on the island of Moloka’i. Some say hula evolved from ancient chants and rhythmic movements used in religious ceremonies. Others believe it originated with the Polynesians who first settled Hawai’i. Whatever the exact spark, hula became a vital part of Hawaiian life, embodying their connection to the land, the gods, and their ancestors. To experience this firsthand, consider visiting Kalaupapa National Historical Park on Moloka’i, a site steeped in history and spiritual significance. While hula performances aren’t usually held there, the atmosphere resonates with the essence of old Hawai’i.

Hula Kahiko: The Ancient Dance of Gods and Chiefs

Hula Kahiko, the ancient form of hula, is characterized by its powerful movements, accompanied by chanting (oli) and percussion instruments like the ipu heke (gourd drum), pahu (sharkskin drum), and ‘uli’uli (feathered rattles). The dances often tell stories of creation, mythology, genealogy, and significant historical events. The regalia worn during Hula Kahiko is also significant. Dancers often wear skirts made of ti leaves, leis of flowers and seeds, and adornments crafted from natural materials. The chants are not merely singing; they are powerful invocations and recitations that transmit the very essence of the story being told. The movements are deliberate and precise, each gesture carrying symbolic weight. For example, a hand motion that mimics the waves of the ocean might represent fertility or abundance, while a stomp of the foot could symbolize strength or resolve. Imagine attending a Hula Kahiko performance at a luau. While commercial luaus often feature a blend of both ancient and modern hula styles, some cultural centers and festivals offer more authentic and reverent presentations. The Merrie Monarch Festival on the Big Island, while primarily showcasing Hula ‘Auana, also presents exceptional examples of Hula Kahiko. Be aware that these performances are often highly competitive and require booking tickets well in advance – think several months, maybe even a year!

Hula ‘Auana: The Modern Dance of Storytelling

Hula ‘Auana, meaning “wandering” or “drifting,” is the modern form of hula that emerged after Western contact. It is characterized by its gentler, flowing movements, often accompanied by melodic singing and instruments like the ‘ukulele, guitar, and bass. Hula ‘Auana incorporates Western musical influences and often tells stories of love, beauty, and contemporary life. While Hula Kahiko maintains a strong connection to the spiritual realm, Hula ‘Auana tends to focus more on personal expression and storytelling through graceful movement. The costumes are also more varied, often incorporating fabrics and designs that reflect the evolving cultural landscape of Hawai’i. Think of the flowing dresses and flower leis commonly associated with modern hula. If you’re looking to experience Hula ‘Auana, watch for performances at local hotels, resorts, and cultural centers. Free hula shows are frequently held at shopping centers like the Waikiki Beach Walk. For a more immersive experience, consider attending a luau. While the authenticity can vary, many luaus offer good-quality Hula ‘Auana performances that provide a glimpse into the beauty and artistry of this dance form. Remember to check reviews and research the luau beforehand to ensure it aligns with your interests and expectations. Luaus typically cost between $100 and $200 per person, depending on the location and inclusions.

The Meaning Behind the Motions: A Language of Expression

Every movement in hula has a specific meaning, creating a visual language that tells a story. Hand gestures represent natural elements like wind, rain, and flowers, while footwork conveys rhythm, energy, and connection to the earth. Dancers use their entire bodies to express emotions, ideas, and historical accounts. Learning the language of hula can unlock a deeper appreciation for its artistry and cultural significance. Consider taking a beginner hula class to gain a basic understanding of the movements and their meanings. Many community centers, dance studios, and cultural organizations offer introductory classes for visitors and residents alike. Even a single lesson can enhance your understanding and appreciation of hula performances. For instance, the gesture of two hands moving outwards from the chest might represent the act of giving or sharing, while a hand rotating above the head could signify a spinning top or a whirlwind. By recognizing these symbolic movements, you can decipher the stories being told through the dance. Several online resources, like YouTube tutorials from reputable hula teachers, can also help you learn basic hula steps and their meanings.

The Instruments of Hula: Rhythm and Voice

The instruments used in hula play a crucial role in creating the rhythm and atmosphere of the dance. The ipu heke, a double gourd drum, provides a deep, resonant beat that anchors the dancers. The pahu, a sharkskin drum, adds a powerful and ceremonial tone. The ‘uli’uli, feathered rattles, create a shimmering sound that enhances the visual spectacle. The ‘ukulele, a modern addition, adds a melodic element to Hula ‘Auana. Beyond instruments, the oli, or chant, is an essential component of Hula Kahiko. Chants are not simply songs; they are powerful recitations that contain genealogical information, historical accounts, and spiritual invocations. The chanter, or kumu hula (hula teacher), uses their voice to create a connection to the past and to transmit the knowledge and wisdom of their ancestors. To deepen your understanding of hula instruments, consider visiting the Bishop Museum in Honolulu. The museum’s extensive collection includes examples of traditional Hawaiian instruments, and its exhibits provide insights into their history and cultural significance. Some cultural centers also offer demonstrations of traditional Hawaiian instrument making and playing.

Kumu Hula: The Guardians of Tradition

The Kumu Hula, or hula teacher, is the keeper of tradition and the guide for aspiring dancers. They are responsible for transmitting the knowledge, skills, and spiritual understanding of hula from one generation to the next. Becoming a Kumu Hula is a long and arduous process, requiring years of study, dedication, and spiritual practice. Kumu Hula are not merely dance instructors; they are cultural ambassadors, spiritual leaders, and artistic visionaries. They are responsible for composing new dances, writing chants, and ensuring that the traditions of hula are preserved and passed on with integrity. Their role is vital to the continued vitality of hula as a living art form. If you are interested in learning hula, it is essential to find a reputable Kumu Hula who is committed to teaching the authentic traditions of the dance. Look for teachers who have lineage and authorization to teach. Ask about their training and experience, and observe their teaching style before committing to a class. Remember that learning hula is a journey of cultural immersion, not just a dance lesson.

Hula as a Form of Resistance: Preserving Culture in the Face of Change

Hula has served as a powerful form of cultural resistance throughout Hawaiian history. During the period of Western contact and colonization, hula was often suppressed and even banned by missionaries who viewed it as pagan and immoral. Despite these challenges, Hawaiians continued to practice hula in secret, preserving their traditions and cultural identity. Today, hula continues to be a vital symbol of Hawaiian culture and a powerful tool for cultural revitalization. By practicing and performing hula, Hawaiians are reclaiming their heritage, celebrating their identity, and resisting the forces of cultural homogenization. The resurgence of interest in hula in recent years is a testament to its enduring power and its importance to the Hawaiian people. Supporting local hula schools and cultural organizations is one way to contribute to the preservation of this vital art form. Look for performances and workshops offered by authentic hula practitioners, and be mindful of the cultural sensitivity surrounding this sacred dance.

Merrie Monarch Festival: A Celebration of Hula

The Merrie Monarch Festival, held annually in Hilo on the Big Island, is the world’s premier hula competition and a celebration of Hawaiian culture. The festival showcases the finest hula dancers and halau (hula schools) from across Hawai’i and around the world. It is a week-long event filled with performances, workshops, cultural demonstrations, and arts and crafts fairs. Attending the Merrie Monarch Festival is a unique opportunity to witness the beauty, artistry, and cultural significance of hula firsthand. However, tickets are extremely difficult to obtain, and accommodations in Hilo are often booked well in advance. But watching it online on local television is another way to enjoy the spectacle! Even if you cannot attend in person, you can still experience the festival through television broadcasts and online streaming. The Merrie Monarch Festival is a source of pride and inspiration for the Hawaiian community and a powerful symbol of cultural revitalization.

Learning Hula: Embracing the Culture

If you are interested in learning hula, there are many resources available. Look for reputable hula schools, cultural centers, and community organizations that offer classes for beginners. It is essential to find a Kumu Hula who is committed to teaching the authentic traditions of the dance and who is respectful of Hawaiian culture. Learning hula is not just about learning the steps; it is about embracing the culture, understanding the history, and connecting with the spiritual essence of the dance. Be prepared to immerse yourself in the language, music, and customs of Hawai’i. Remember that learning hula is a journey of discovery and growth, both personal and cultural. Consider enrolling in a beginner hula class at a local community center or dance studio. The cost of classes can vary, but expect to pay around $50 to $100 per month for weekly lessons. Alternatively, look for workshops and intensives offered by visiting Kumu Hula. These workshops can provide a more immersive and intensive learning experience.

Respect and Etiquette: Honoring the Sacred Dance

When engaging with hula, it is essential to be mindful of cultural protocols and etiquette. Hula is a sacred dance with deep spiritual significance, and it should be approached with respect and reverence. Avoid taking photographs or videos during sacred ceremonies or performances without permission. Dress modestly and avoid wearing revealing clothing. Be mindful of your behavior and avoid talking or laughing during performances. When attending a luau or hula show, show your appreciation by clapping at the end of each dance. Most importantly, be open to learning and understanding the cultural significance of hula. Ask questions, listen to the stories, and immerse yourself in the experience. By showing respect and appreciation, you can help to preserve and perpetuate this vital cultural tradition. For example, before attending a hula performance, research the cultural significance of the dance and the stories it tells. This will help you to appreciate the performance on a deeper level.

There really is even more to hula than what is mentioned above. This dance is so rich in history and meaning that more can be expressed with its movements.

FAQ

What is the difference between Hula Kahiko and Hula ‘Auana?

Hula Kahiko is the ancient form of hula, characterized by powerful movements, chanting, and percussion instruments. It tells stories of mythology, genealogy, and history and is often performed in a sacred context. Hula ‘Auana is the modern form of hula, characterized by gentler movements, melodic singing, and instruments like the ‘ukulele and guitar. It often tells stories of love, beauty, and contemporary life.

Where can I see authentic hula performances?

Look for performances at cultural centers, museums, and hula schools. Avoid commercial luaus that may not accurately represent the traditions of hula. The Merrie Monarch Festival is the world’s premier hula competition, but tickets are difficult to obtain. Local hotels and resorts can also a feature hula or ‘auana performances.

How can I learn hula?

Find a reputable Kumu Hula (hula teacher) who is committed to teaching the authentic traditions of the dance. Look for classes offered by community centers, dance studios, and cultural organizations. Be prepared to immerse yourself in the language, music, and customs of Hawai’i.

What is the proper etiquette for attending a hula performance?

Dress modestly, avoid taking photographs or videos without permission, be mindful of your behavior, and show your appreciation by clapping at the end of each dance. Most importantly, be open to learning and understanding the cultural significance of hula.

What is the significance of the lei in hula?

Leis are worn in hula to honor the gods, the land, and the dancers themselves. The flowers, seeds, and other materials used in leis have symbolic meanings, and the act of making and giving a lei is a gesture of love, respect, and aloha. They are an integral part of Hula performances.

What is the overall cost associated with learning hula?

The cost of learning hula varies depending on the type of class, the location, and the Kumu Hula. Expect to pay around $50 to $100 per month for weekly classes. Workshops and intensives can cost more, ranging from $100 to $500 or more. You will also need to factor in the cost of costumes, leis, and other supplies.

References

Tatar, E. (1987). Hula: The Living Dance of Hawaii. Bishop Museum Press.

Kanahele, G. S. (1979). Hawaiian Music and Musicians: An Illustrated History. University of Hawaii Press.

Farris, J. (2009). Hawai’i Aloha: An Ethnography of Tourism. University of Hawaii Press.

Ready to experience the true spirit of Hawaiian Culture? Start with learning a few basic Hawaiian words, then seek out an authentic hula experience: attend a local hula performance, take a beginner’s class, or simply immerse yourself in the music and stories of Hawai’i. Respect the culture, embrace the aloha spirit, and discover the profound beauty of this ancient art form. Your journey into the heart of hula awaits!