Hula’s Hidden Language: Decoding the Movements and Stories of Hawaii’s Dance

Hula isn’t just a dance; it’s a living, breathing storybook of Hawaiian culture, a beautiful tapestry woven with intricate movements and deep spiritual meaning. Every sway, every hand gesture, every facial expression contributes to a narrative passed down through generations. Understanding the hula is understanding the heart of Hawaiʻi.

The Foundation: More Than Just Moves

Think of hula as a language where the body speaks volumes. Each movement acts like a word or phrase, contributing to a larger story. The hands, especially, are crucial. They can represent anything from the gentle swaying of trees to the crashing of waves, the flight of birds, or the rising of the sun. The feet provide the rhythm and connection to the earth, grounding the dancer and channeling energy. The hips, with their subtle (and not-so-subtle) movements, add to the graceful flow, but it is the face which truly makes the story come alive. A genuine smile shows joy, arched eyebrow can mimic astonishment, a softened gaze reflects tenderness, a wrinkled nose creates confusion.

There are two primary types of hula: Hula Kahiko and Hula ʻAuana. Hula Kahiko is the ancient form, traditionally performed with chanting (oli) and percussion instruments like the ipu heke (double gourd), pahu (sharkskin drum), and ʻuliʻuli (feathered gourds). Imagine witnessing a solemn ceremony under the moonlight, the rhythmic beat of the drum echoing through the valley, the dancer embodying the legends of the gods and goddesses. It’s powerful and raw. Hula ʻAuana, on the other hand, is the more modern form, influenced by Western music and instruments like the ukulele and guitar. It’s often more melodic and tells stories of contemporary life and love. Both forms are beautiful in their own right, each preserving and perpetuating Hawaiian culture in unique ways.

Decoding the Hand Gestures: A Visual Dictionary

Okay, let’s get into the nitty-gritty. How do you even begin to understand what a hula dancer is saying? It all starts with the hands. Here’s a breakdown of some common hand gestures and their meanings:

• Waves (Kai): Flowing, undulating movements of the hands represent the ocean waves, a vital part of Hawaiian life. The amplitude of the movements can differ to represent calm or turbulent waters.
• Rain (Ua): Fluttering fingertips pointed downwards mimic the falling rain, a symbol of blessing and renewal. The intensity of the flutter often relates to the heaviness of the rain.
• Mountains (Mauna): Hands forming a triangular shape, often stacked on top of each other, represent the majestic mountains of Hawaiʻi. They are a physical representation of geographic location as well as symbols of strength and permanence.
• Flowers (Pua): Cupping the hands together and gently opening them, as if presenting a flower, is a common gesture symbolizing beauty and love. A dancer may mimic placing an imaginary lei around their neck or present it to the audience.
• Trees (Lāʻau): Extending the arms upward with slightly curved fingers represents the branches of a tree, swaying in the wind. The hand gestures can be modified to tell the story of a specific tree, such as the story of a palm, coconut or banyan giving shelter or food.
• Birds (Manu): Fluttering hands, mimicking the wings of a bird, tell stories of flight, freedom, and connection to nature. One may recognize types of birds based on the speed and style flutters.
• Sun (Lā): Forming a circle with the arms above the head represents the sun, a source of life and energy. The dance movement usually accompanies the rising sun, signaling a new day of enlightenment and hope.

This is just a small sampling, of course. The context of the song and the specific choreography will provide further clues to the meaning of each gesture. To truly decipher these messages, one must learn the names of significant places and be familiar with the stories of the island. When watching a novice hula dancer you can often see that their story is just the memorization of movements, but when watching a master, you can feel the story within the performance.

The Importance of Chants (Oli) and Songs (Mele)

Hula isn’t performed in silence. The chants (oli) and songs (mele) are the soul of the dance. They provide the narrative framework, telling the stories that the hula movements visually represent. Often, the oli describes the scene, the players in the story, and the feelings of the characters. The mele can be about love, nature, history, or mythology, depending on the type of hula. A skilled hula dancer not only knows the movements but also understands the meaning of the words they are dancing to. To fully appreciate hula, you should try to listen to the meaning of the song, you can find the lyrics and translations to many famous Hawaiian songs online.

Most Hawaiians grow up learning simple mele about their families, their island or even just the rain. There are formal chants and songs for every occasion imaginable and many families have created their own. Imagine how amazing it would be to attend a wedding, a birthday party or even a funeral and listening to a song or chant custom made to honor the guests. In this way, Hula connects people with their history, with their ancestors and with the sacred lands where they live.

Finding Hula Performances: Where to Witness the Magic

Want to experience hula firsthand? You’re in luck! Hawaiʻi offers numerous opportunities to witness this art form, from casual luau performances to formal showcases.

• Luaus: Many luaus (Hawaiian feasts) feature hula performances as part of the entertainment. While these can be touristy, they offer a good introduction to the dance. Look for luaus that emphasize cultural authenticity and feature skilled dancers and musicians. Consider researching reviews beforehand, there are many different types of luaus and it is important to find one that meets your expectations. Check if a luau is held indoors or outdoors, if it offers a traditional buffet or table service and if it specializes in Hawaiian culture specifically or Polynesian dances generally.
• Cultural Centers: The Polynesian Cultural Center on Oʻahu is one of the best places to experience hula and other Polynesian dances. They offer daily performances and immersive cultural experiences. You can explore the different Polynesian islands and learn about their unique traditions. Tickets can range from $80 to over $200 depending on the package you choose. Visit their website for up-to-date pricing and event schedules.
• Festivals and Competitions: Keep an eye out for local festivals and hula competitions. The Merrie Monarch Festival, held annually in Hilo on the Big Island, is the most prestigious hula competition in the world. Attending this festival is a bucket-list item for many hula enthusiasts. Tickets are very competitive and sell out far in advance but it is certainly worth it to put in the request form. Even if you are not able to attend in person, the competitions are broadcast on local tv!
• Free Hula Shows: Some hotels and shopping centers offer free hula shows. These are often shorter and less elaborate than the luau or festival performances, but they’re a great way to get a taste of the dance. Look for performances at the Royal Hawaiian Center in Waikiki or the Ala Moana Center.

When choosing a hula performance, consider what you’re looking for. Do you want a casual, entertaining show, or a more in-depth cultural experience? Do your research and choose a performance that aligns with your interests, and perhaps inquire about the hula and how it relates to the performance or which island it represents.

Learning Hula: Embracing the Spirit of Aloha

If you’re truly captivated by hula, why not try learning it yourself? Taking hula lessons is a fantastic way to connect with Hawaiian culture on a deeper level. You will gain a deeper appreciation for the movements and the meaning of the songs. You do not have to be a professional dancer to enjoy all that hula has to offer! But keep in mind, one can not enter into hula lightly. If you plan to make hula an important part of your life, consider these tips:

• Find a Reputable Kumu Hula (Hula Teacher): Look for a kumu hula who has a strong lineage and a deep understanding of Hawaiian culture. Ask about their training and their approach to teaching. It is important that you respect the tradition of hula by showing respect for the teacher. The teachers spend many years training in their style of hula, sometimes referred to as ‘their lineage’.
• Respect the Culture: Hula is more than just a dance; it’s a sacred tradition. Approach it with respect and humility. Learn about the history and cultural significance of hula before you start dancing.
• Be Patient and Persistent: Learning hula takes time and dedication. Don’t get discouraged if you don’t get it right away. Practice regularly and be patient with yourself.
• Listen to the Music: Immerse yourself in Hawaiian music. The more you listen, the better you’ll understand the rhythm and the meaning of the songs.
• Embrace the Aloha Spirit: Hula is about sharing the spirit of aloha (love, compassion, and goodwill). Dance with your heart and let your passion shine through.

Hula classes are available both in Hawaii and in many other parts of the world. In Hawaiʻi, community centers, cultural organizations, and private studios offer hula lessons for all levels. Prices can range from around $15 per class to several hundred dollars for a multi-week course.

The Evolution of Hula: Adapting to the Times

Like any living tradition, hula has evolved over time. From its ancient roots as a sacred ritual, it has adapted to the influences of Western culture and the changing social landscape of Hawaiʻi. While Hula Kahiko maintains its traditional form, Hula ʻAuana incorporates modern musical instruments and themes.

This evolution is not without its challenges. Some worry that the commercialization of hula threatens its authenticity. It’s important to support hula practitioners who are committed to preserving the cultural integrity of the dance. Look for performances and classes that emphasize the historical and spiritual significance of hula.

Despite these challenges, hula remains a powerful symbol of Hawaiian identity and resilience. It continues to inspire and uplift, connecting people to their heritage and to each other.

More Than Just the Steps: The Spiritual Connection

Hula is so much more than just memorizing steps; it’s about connecting with the spirit of Hawaiʻi. It’s a way to honor the ancestors, celebrate nature, and express the deepest emotions. When a hula dancer moves, they are not just telling a story; they are embodying it.

Many hula practitioners describe a spiritual connection to the land and the elements when they dance. They feel the energy of the earth beneath their feet, the wind in their hair, and the warmth of the sun on their skin. This connection is what makes hula so powerful and moving.

You too, can connect with Hula. Even if you are simply watching, you can immerse yourself in the story being told and feel the connection to the culture.

Dressing the Part: The Traditional Regalia

The attire worn by hula dancers is an integral part of the performance. It’s not just about aesthetics; it’s about honoring tradition and enhancing the storytelling. Traditionally, Hula Kahiko dancers would wear simple attire made from natural materials, such as kapa (barkcloth) skirts, leis made of shells, seeds, and ferns, and adornments of kukui nuts or whalebone. Over time and influenced by Westerners, different garments and styles have formed.

Hula ʻAuana dancers often wear more elaborate costumes, including pua (floral) dresses, muʻumuʻu (loose-fitting gowns), and a variety of leis and headpieces. The colors and styles of the costumes often reflect the theme of the song and the individual style of the hula halau (hula school).

The making of leis (garlands) is an art form in itself. Each lei is carefully crafted with specific flowers, leaves, and shells, each carrying its own symbolism. Leis are often given as a sign of affection and respect, and they are an essential part of any hula performance.

Hula Beyond Hawaiʻi: Sharing the Aloha Spirit

While hula is deeply rooted in Hawaiian culture, its message of aloha and its beauty have resonated around the world. Hula schools and performance groups can now be found in many countries. These groups help to share Hawaiian culture and values with a wider audience.

Learning hula outside of Hawaiʻi can be a great way to connect with the Hawaiian diaspora and to learn about the issues facing the Hawaiian community. Many hula schools outside of Hawaiʻi also participate in community service projects and cultural exchange programs.

You can feel the aloha spirit no matter where you are! Look for local dance troupes and find yourself a new appreciation for the art.

The Future of Hula: Preserving the Legacy

The future of hula depends on the continued dedication of kumu hula, hula practitioners, and cultural organizations committed to preserving and perpetuating this precious art form. It’s important to support initiatives that promote cultural education, language revitalization, and the preservation of traditional knowledge.

By understanding the hidden language of hula, you can gain a deeper appreciation for Hawaiian culture and contribute to its preservation. Share your knowledge with others, support local hula schools and performances, and embrace the spirit of aloha in your daily life.

FAQ Section

What is the difference between Hula Kahiko and Hula ʻAuana?

Hula Kahiko is the ancient form of hula, performed with chanting and traditional percussion instruments. It tells stories of Hawaiian mythology, history, and nature. Hula ʻAuana is the more modern form, influenced by Western music and instruments. It often tells stories of contemporary life and love.

Do I need to be Hawaiian to learn hula?

No, you do not need to be Hawaiian to learn hula. Hula is open to anyone who is willing to learn and respect the culture. However, it’s important to approach hula with humility and a willingness to learn about its history and cultural significance.

Where can I find authentic hula performances in Hawaiʻi?

You can find authentic hula performances at cultural centers, luau’s emphasizing Hawaiian culture, festivals, and competitions. The Polynesian Cultural Center on Oʻahu and the Merrie Monarch Festival on the Big Island are excellent options.

What should I wear to a hula lesson?

Wear comfortable clothing that allows you to move freely. Many hula schools recommend wearing a pāʻū (hula skirt) or leggings. Most importantly, be respectful and dress modestly.

Is it okay to take pictures or videos of hula performances?

It depends on the specific performance. Some allow photography and videography, while others do not. It’s always best to ask permission beforehand and to be respectful of the dancers and the cultural significance of the dance. Do not use flash photography, and do not block the view of other spectators.

References

• Kanahele, G. S. (1986). Kū Kanaka: Stand Tall. University of Hawaiʻi Press.
• Tatar, E. (1993). Hula Pahu: Hawaiian Drum Dances. Bishop Museum Press.
• Stillman, A. K. (2010). Dancing Culture: Hula as Intangible Heritage. University of Hawaiʻi Press.

Ready to dive deeper into the mesmerizing world of Hula? Whether you’re dreaming of a trip to Hawai’i, searching for a local hula school, or simply want to appreciate the next performance you see, you are now armed with a new understanding of the spirit and meaning behind the dance. So, go out there, be curious, be respectful, and let Hula inspire a little aloha in your life.