The Art of Hula: More Than Just a Dance, A Living Hawaiian Story
In 1830, Queen Kaʻahumanu, acting under the influence of Protestant missionaries who had arrived in Hawaiʻi a decade earlier, issued an edict banning public hula performances. The dance they deemed a pagan ritual did not disappear. It retreated into caves, sugarcane fields, and remote villages, taught in secret by kumu hula (teachers) who kept the tradition alive without a written language to preserve it. When King David Laʻamea Kalākaua ascended the throne in 1874, he made it his mission to restore what had been driven underground. At his Silver Jubilee in 1886, chanters and dancers performed publicly for the