From Coco de Mer to Curious Birds: Exploring the Unique Flora & Fauna of Seychelles

Seychelles, an archipelago nation shimmering in the Indian Ocean, is a biodiversity hotspot unlike any other. From the iconic Coco de Mer palm cradling the world’s largest seed to birds found nowhere else on Earth, these islands harbor an extraordinary range of flora and fauna. The non-profit organization SPOTS (Seychelles Projects Offering Turtle protection, seagrass and biodiversity Surveys) in SEYCHELLES actively studies, protects and conserves these species and ecosystems, offering unique opportunities to support conservation efforts while experiencing the wonders of Seychelles firsthand. This article dives deep into the unique flora and fauna of Seychelles, highlighting the crucial work of SPOTS and how you can get involved.

The Coco de Mer: A Botanical Giant

Let’s start with the undisputed botanical icon of Seychelles: the Coco de Mer. This palm (Lodoicea maldivica) is endemic to only two islands: Praslin and Curieuse. Its seed, the largest and heaviest in the plant kingdom, can weigh up to 30 kilograms and take seven years to mature. The sheer size and suggestive shapes of both the male and female flowers have fueled folklore and fascination for centuries. A visit to the Vallée de Mai Nature Reserve on Praslin is essential for anyone wanting to see these magnificent palms in their natural habitat. The Vallée de Mai, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, offers guided tours that delve into the ecology and conservation of the Coco de Mer. Entrance fees are approximately SCR 350 (around $25 USD) for adults and SCR 175 for children. Allow at least 2-3 hours to fully appreciate the experience. You’ll need to book in advance through email: [email protected]

Beyond the Vallée de Mai, you can also find Coco de Mer palms in the Fond Ferdinand Nature Reserve, also on Praslin. While slightly smaller than the Vallée de Mai, Fond Ferdinand offers stunning viewpoints and a less crowded experience. Entrance fees are around SCR 125 (approximately $9 USD), and guided tours are available. The guides will help you spot the difference between the male and female trees, explain the pollination process (which relies on the wind), and share interesting facts about the Coco de Mer’s cultural significance. To get there, you can take the bus from Baie St Anne and get off at the Fond Ferdinand stop by the Grand Anse Road.

Local Insight: Look out for the Seychelles Black Parrot within these palm forests! They are often seen feeding on the young fruits. Remember to respect the plants and stay on the designated paths. Taking a Coco de Mer seed without proper permits is illegal and carries significant penalties.

Avian Wonders: Endemic Birds of Seychelles

Seychelles is a birdwatcher’s paradise, boasting a remarkable number of endemic bird species, many of which are threatened or endangered. SPOTS plays a key role in monitoring and protecting these avian treasures. Here are a few standouts:

The Seychelles Black Parrot

Endemic to Praslin Island, the Seychelles Black Parrot (Coracopsis barklyi) is a small, dark gray parrot with a distinctive melancholic call. Its survival depends on the conservation of the Coco de Mer forests, as it feeds on the seeds and fruits found there. It is estimated that there are only between 520 to 900 individuals. You’re most likely to see them at the Vallée de Mai or Fond Ferdinand, so your chances when visiting these locations are increased. Its conservation status is ‘Vulnerable’, so your visit to Seychelles helps indirectly to protect this species.

The Seychelles Paradise Flycatcher

The Seychelles Paradise Flycatcher (Terpsiphone corvina), a stunning bird with a long, flowing tail, is Critically Endangered and found only on La Digue Island. Its males have striking black plumage with iridescent blue highlights. SPOTS actively participates in habitat restoration projects on La Digue to improve the flycatcher’s breeding success. Visiting the La Digue Veuve Reserve is essential for birdwatchers hoping to spot it. The reserve, managed by Nature Seychelles, offers guided tours led by knowledgeable local conservationists. The entrance fee is around SCR 100 (approximately $7 USD). Book in advance to avoid disappointment.

To increase your chances of spotting the Seychelles Paradise Flycatcher, arrive at the reserve early in the morning, when the birds are most active. Wear muted clothing and bring binoculars with good magnification. Be patient and listen for its distinctive call. You can also support local conservation efforts by purchasing souvenirs or donating to Nature Seychelles. Consider staying at a local guesthouse or using local services.

The Seychelles White-eye

Another rare bird is the Seychelles White-eye (Zosterops modestus) found only on Conception Island. Once on several islands, today it is very rare. The Seychelles White-eye has been extirpated from several other islands due to habitat loss and predation. SPOTS is involved in initiatives to restore the native habitat and protect the birds from invasive species.

The Seychelles Scops Owl

The Seychelles Scops Owl (Otus insularis), also known as the Bare-legged Scops Owl, is a small owl species that can be found on Mahé Island. It is quite rare as its conservation status is ‘Endangered’. It inhabits areas within the Morne Seychellois National Park and other locations of that elevation band as long as there is good forest structure. Despite this, the best chance of seeing it is at night, at higher elevations while walking along tracks with forest on both sides.

The Aldabra Drongo

The Aldabra Drongo (Dicrurus aldabranus) is only found on Aldabra Atoll. Unlike other Drongos, it does not mimic other birds. It is about 25 cm in length, slightly smaller than the common Drongo. The species’ total population size is estimated to be around 1800 individuals. The conservation status is ‘Vulnerable’ and population trend is “stable”. Aldabra is largely untouched by humans, so with tours by research personnel, conservation can be done.

Ethical Birdwatching Tips: When birdwatching in Seychelles, always use binoculars and avoid getting too close to nesting birds. Do not play bird sounds from your phone, as this can disrupt their natural behavior. Support local guides and tour operators who prioritize responsible tourism practices.

Marine Life: Turtles, Seagrass, and Coral Reefs

Seychelles isn’t just about lush forests and soaring birds; its surrounding waters teem with marine life. SPOTS focuses significantly on the protection of sea turtles, seagrass meadows, and coral reefs, all vital components of the Seychelles ecosystem.

Sea Turtles

Seychelles is a crucial nesting site for both Hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata) and Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas). Female turtles come ashore to lay their eggs on the sandy beaches, and newly hatched turtles face numerous threats during their early lives. SPOTS conducts nightly turtle patrols during nesting season (October to February) to monitor nesting activity, protect nests from predators and poachers, and educate the public about turtle conservation. They also tag turtles and monitor their movement. You can volunteer with SPOTS to participate in these vital conservation efforts.

Practical Example: On Cousin Island Special Reserve, managed by Nature Seychelles, you can witness nesting turtles and learn about their life cycle. Cousin Island is a designated Important Bird Area (IBA) and a critical nesting site for Hawksbill turtles. Day trips to Cousin Island can be booked through local tour operators. Be aware of the tide and waves and be respectful to the nesting turtles. Keep a distance of at least 10 meters from nesting turtles and hatchlings.

Seagrass Meadows

Seagrass meadows are underwater meadows that are vital for marine biodiversity and carbon sequestration. They serve as nurseries for many fish species, provide food for sea turtles and dugongs, and help stabilize shorelines. SPOTS conducts seagrass surveys to assess the health of these ecosystems and identify areas that require protection or restoration. The data collected contributes to informing policy decisions related to marine conservation. They also have conducted studies on the impact of different protection levels on the recovery of damaged seagrass meadows, demonstrating the effectiveness of management actions.

Coral Reefs

Seychelles boasts vibrant coral reefs that are home to a stunning array of marine life, including colorful fish, sea turtles, and invertebrates. However, these reefs are increasingly threatened by climate change, pollution, and unsustainable fishing practices. SPOTS conducts coral reef monitoring programs to assess the health of the reefs and identify signs of coral bleaching or disease. They also work with local communities to promote sustainable fishing practices and reduce pollution. You can participate in coral reef surveys as a volunteer with SPOTS.

Snorkeling and Diving Recommendations: To experience the beauty of Seychelles’ coral reefs firsthand, consider snorkeling or diving at locations such as Sainte Anne Marine National Park, Curieuse Marine National Park, or the reefs around Silhouette Island. Choose responsible tour operators who adhere to sustainable practices and do not harm the marine environment. Before snorkeling, apply reef-safe sunscreen to protect against UV and the reefs from harmful chemicals.

Flora Beyond the Coco de Mer

While the Coco de Mer takes center stage, Seychelles has a diverse flora beyond this iconic palm. The islands are home to many endemic plants, including various palm species, orchids, and hardwood trees. Many of the islands are considered tropical rainforests, as they provide critical habitats for endemic species.

Jellyfish Tree

The Jellyfish Tree (Medusagyne oppositifolia) is one of the rarest trees on Earth, known only found on Mahé Island. This odd tree gets its name from the jellyfish-like appearance of its fruits. It’s listed as Critically Endangered, so conservation measures are crucial. Its unique evolutionary history can be linked to times during the separation of Gondwana. Efforts are underway to propagate it in the Botanical Gardens, helping to keep its legacy going.

Pitcher Plants

Nepenthes pervillei or the Seychelles Pitcher Plant is endemic to Seychelles, and is found on the islands of Mahé and Silhouette. These plants have modified leaves that form pitfall traps which serve as prey-trapping mechanisms. They evolved on islands, hence their presence demonstrates unique biodiversity.

Bwa Rouz

This endemic tree is the Turreanthus heterophyllus, or ‘Bwa Rouz’, has leaves that start red then turn green. The species is only found in regions like the Montane forest and the summit scrub of Mahé, Praslin and Silhouette islands. Its timber is very hard and durable which makes it resistant to rot.

Gardens to Explore: The Seychelles National Botanical Gardens in Victoria, Mahé, is a great place to see a variety of native and introduced plants. It has a Coco de Mer plantation, orchid house, and spice garden. Entrance fees are SCR 100 (approximately $7 USD). Also, explore the Tea Factory at Morne Blanc, which is a unique experience where you can see how tea is produced, learn about the history, and sample some local tea.

Invasive Species: A Major Threat

One of the biggest challenges facing Seychelles’ biodiversity is the presence of invasive species. Introduced plants and animals can outcompete native species, disrupt ecosystems, and even drive species to extinction. SPOTS actively works to control and eradicate invasive species, such as rats, cats, and alien plants, to protect the islands’ native flora and fauna.

Practical Example: On islands like Denis Island, where there is a successful eco-tourism model, invasive species control has been a key focus. By eradicating rats and other introduced predators, they have created a haven for native birds and sea turtles. The island employs rigorous biosecurity measures to prevent the re-introduction of invasive species. You can experience this first hand by staying on the island.

How You Can Get Involved with SPOTS

SPOTS offers various opportunities for visitors to contribute to conservation efforts in Seychelles:

• Volunteer Programs: Participate in turtle monitoring, seagrass surveys, coral reef assessments, and invasive species control projects. Volunteers work alongside experienced researchers and conservationists, gaining valuable hands-on experience. You can find information about volunteer opportunities on their website.
• Donations: Support SPOTS’s conservation projects by making a donation. Your contribution will help fund research, monitoring, and habitat restoration efforts.
• Responsible Tourism: Choose eco-friendly accommodations, use local guides who prioritize sustainable practices, and avoid activities that harm the environment. By making responsible choices, you can minimize your impact and support local conservation efforts.
• Education and Awareness: Learn about the unique flora and fauna of Seychelles and share your knowledge with others. By raising awareness, you can help protect these valuable ecosystems for future generations.

Cost of Volunteering: Costs vary depending on the program and duration. Contact SPOTS for specific details. Generally, volunteers need to cover their accommodation, meals, and transportation.

FAQ Section

What is the best time to visit Seychelles for birdwatching?
The best time for birdwatching is during the breeding season, typically from April to October. However, some species can be seen year-round. October to April is the wet season in Seychelles, with peak rainfall in January.

Are there any safety precautions to take when hiking in Seychelles?
Yes, be aware of uneven terrain and slippery surfaces, especially after rain. Wear appropriate footwear, carry plenty of water, and inform someone of your hiking plans. Avoid hiking alone in remote areas. It’s best to hire a guide if you are not familiar with the local trails.

What should I pack for a trip to Seychelles?
Pack light, breathable clothing, swimwear, sunscreen, insect repellent, a hat, binoculars, a camera, and a reusable water bottle. If you plan to hike, bring sturdy shoes and a backpack.

How can I minimize my environmental impact while visiting Seychelles?
Use reef-safe sunscreen, avoid single-use plastics, support local businesses, choose eco-friendly accommodations, and respect wildlife. Do not touch or feed marine animals, and dispose of your trash responsibly.

Are there any cultural etiquette tips I should be aware of?
Seychellois people are generally very friendly and welcoming. Dress modestly when visiting religious sites. Ask permission before taking photos of people, and be respectful of local customs and traditions. It’s good to familiarize yourself with the local language, Creole; “bonzour” (good morning) and “mersi” (thank you) go a long way.

References

SIF (Seychelles Islands Foundation). (n.d.). Vallée de Mai Nature Reserve.
Nature Seychelles. (n.d.). Cousin Island Special Reserve.
Government of Seychelles. (n.d.). Seychelles National Botanical Gardens.
BirdLife International. (2023). Species factsheet: Dicrurus aldabranus.
IUCN. (2023). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Ready to experience the magic of Seychelles and contribute to its conservation? Plan your trip today, explore its unique flora and fauna with respect and visit SPOTS in SEYCHELLES to see unique conservation work in action, volunteer your time, and make a difference. Every step you take, however small, helps preserve this island paradise for generations to come. Embrace the opportunity to connect with nature, support local communities, and become an advocate for the protection of Seychelles’ extraordinary biodiversity!