Lei making in Hawaii isn’t just a craft; it’s a deeply personal and meaningful connection to the islands’ culture and natural beauty. From selecting the perfect blooms to mastering the techniques passed down through generations, creating your own lei is an unforgettable experience, especially when embraced at one of the many unique spots across the Hawaiian islands.
Aromatic Aloha: Understanding the Significance of Lei
Before diving into the how-to, let’s explore why lei have such a prominent place in Hawaiian culture. Lei symbolize aloha, love, respect, and celebration. They are given to mark special occasions, such as birthdays, graduations, weddings, and welcoming visitors. The act of giving and receiving a lei is a gesture of warmth, affection, and goodwill. Historically, lei were made from materials readily available in nature, including flowers, shells, seeds, leaves, and even feathers. Each material carries its own significance. For example, fragrant flowers like plumeria and tuberose are often used for their pleasing scent, while kukui nuts represent enlightenment. Different islands even have their own favored lei materials: Oahu is known for its ʻilima lei, Maui for its lokelani (pink rose) lei, and Kauai for its mokihana (a fragrant green berry) lei.
Finding Your Perfect Bloom: Where to Source Lei Materials
The first step in lei making is gathering your materials. You have a few options here, depending on your resourcefulness and willingness to explore. One option is to forage responsibly (more on that later!). Another is to purchase your flowers and supplies. Finally, some lei-making classes include all materials, simplifying the process considerably.
Responsible Foraging: A Respectful Approach
If you’re hoping to gather your own flowers and greenery, do so with the utmost respect and awareness. Never trespass on private property. Stick to public lands like parks, beaches, and hiking trails. Even then, be mindful not to strip an entire plant bare. Take only what you need, and leave enough for the plant to thrive. Look for flowers that have already fallen to the ground first. Also, be aware of protected species. Some plants and flowers are endangered, and it’s illegal to collect them. Research local regulations before you start foraging. For example, collecting sand or rocks from Hawaiian beaches is prohibited and can result in hefty fines. Finally, be cautious of insects and other wildlife. Wear gloves to protect your hands from thorns and sap, and be aware of your surroundings.
Flower Markets and Shops: Convenience and Variety
For a more convenient and reliable source, visit a local flower market or florist. Honolulu’s Chinatown is a vibrant hub for flower vendors, offering a stunning array of blooms at reasonable prices. The Lei Stands at Honolulu International Airport are another convenient (though slightly pricier) option. Beyond Honolulu, most towns and cities throughout the islands have at least one flower shop. These shops typically stock a variety of lei-making materials, including fresh flowers, needles, thread, and lei-making kits. The advantage of buying from a shop is that you can be sure the flowers are fresh and have been properly cared for. You’ll also have a wider selection of colors and varieties to choose from. Expect to pay anywhere from $10 to $30 for a bundle of flowers suitable for making a lei, depending on the type, size, and origin.
Lei-Making Classes: The Easiest Option
The most straightforward approach, especially for beginners, is to take a lei-making class. Many hotels, cultural centers, and community organizations offer workshops where you can learn the basics from experienced instructors. These classes typically include all the necessary materials, as well as step-by-step guidance. The cost of a class can range from $25 to $75 per person, depending on the length of the class and the materials provided. These classes also relieve you of any foraging anxieties. Some especially great experiences include: the lei-making workshop at the Polynesian Cultural Center (Polynesian Cultural Center website) (approximately $30 for the lei greeting and flower lei making experience), where you learn about different Polynesian cultures, is an unforgettable experience or with a local expert on a private class booked via Airbnb Experiences.
Lei-Making Essentials: Tools and Techniques
Now that you have your materials, let’s talk about the tools and techniques involved in lei making. While the basic principles are simple, mastering the art takes practice and patience.
Essential Tools:
- Lei Needle: This long, thin needle with a large eye is used to string the flowers together. You can find lei needles at most craft stores or flower shops.
- Thread or String: Choose a strong, durable thread that won’t break easily. Dental floss is a popular choice, as it’s strong and readily available. Fishing line can also be used, although it can be more difficult to work with.
- Scissors or Clippers: Sharp scissors or clippers are essential for trimming the stems of the flowers and cutting the thread.
Basic Lei-Making Techniques:
There are several different lei-making techniques, each producing a slightly different effect. Here are a few of the most common:
- Kui (Sewing): This is the most common method, especially for flower lei. You thread the needle with a length of string and then pierce the base of each flower, stringing them together one by one. The key is to push the needle through the center of the flower base for a uniform look. Keep threading until the lei reaches your desired length.
- Haku (Braiding): This technique involves braiding a base of plant material (such as ferns or ti leaves) and then attaching flowers or other embellishments to the braid. The haku lei is often worn as a head lei or a lei po’o. The technique involves tightly braiding the base and securing the flowers with short pieces of wire or thread.
- Wili (Wrapping): This method involves wrapping flowers or other materials around a base of plant fiber or paper. The wili lei is often used for making ribbon lei or lei made from seeds or nuts. You start by creating a strong base, then carefully wrapping the flowers or materials around it, securing them with thread or glue.
Step-by-Step Kui Lei Instructions (Sewing Method):
- Prepare Your Flowers: Trim the stems of your flowers to about half an inch. This will make them easier to string. You can also remove any leaves or petals that are damaged or discolored.
- Thread the Needle: Thread your lei needle with a generous length of string (at least twice the desired length of your lei). Tie a knot at one end of the string.
- Start Stringing: Hold the flower in your non-dominant hand. Insert the needle through the center of the base (calyx) of the flower. Gently push the flower down the string until it reaches the knot.
- Continue Stringing: Repeat step 3, adding flowers one by one until the lei reaches your desired length. Aim for a consistent spacing between the flowers.
- Tie Off the Lei: Once the lei is the right length, carefully remove the needle. Tie the two ends of the string together in a secure knot. Trim the excess string.
- Admire Your Creation: Gently fluff the flowers and admire your handmade lei!
Pro Tip: Don’t overcrowd the flowers on the string. Leaving a little space between them will give the lei a more natural and elegant look. Also, rotate the flowers as you string them, so that they face different directions. This will create a fuller and more visually appealing lei.
Island Hopping for Lei Inspiration: Unique Spots in Hawaii
Each Hawaiian island offers unique opportunities and landscapes to inspire your lei making. Here are some specific spots and what they offer:
Oahu: Honolulu’s Chinatown and Foster Botanical Garden
Honolulu’s Chinatown is a sensory explosion of colors, scents, and sounds. It’s a great place to find affordable flowers and lei-making supplies. Spend some time browsing the shops and soaking in the atmosphere. You can observe local lei makers at work and learn some tips and tricks. Be sure to arrive early in the morning for the freshest selection of flowers. Afterward, escape the hustle and bustle at Foster Botanical Garden (Foster Botanical Garden website), a lush oasis in the heart of Honolulu. While you can’t collect flowers here, the garden provides a wealth of inspiration for different lei designs and materials. Open daily from 9am to 4pm, with an admission fee of $15 for adults (discounts available for children and seniors). Consider making a day of it, exploring the gardens and then purchasing flowers in Chinatown to make your lei.
Getting there: Chinatown is easily accessible by public transportation (TheBus) or by car. Foster Botanical Garden is a short walk from Chinatown. Parking is available on site for a small fee.
Recommendation: Try to visit Chinatown on a weekday morning to avoid the weekend crowds.
Maui: Upcountry Farms and Road to Hana
Maui’s Upcountry region is home to numerous flower farms, where you can purchase fresh, locally grown blooms directly from the source. Many farms offer tours and lei-making workshops as well. Ali’i Kula Lavender Farm (Ali’i Kula Lavender website) isn’t just about lavender; they also have a variety of other flowers and plants. While you can’t cut the lavender yourself for lei, they do sell pre-cut lavender and other flowers suitable for lei making (check with them first). They also offer craft classes including lei making. It’s a beautiful place to immerse yourself in nature and learn about sustainable agriculture. The Road to Hana is another Maui treasure, albeit one where responsible foraging is key. While tempting, do not stop and strip vegetation. Instead, admire the lush scenery and stop at local farms (check in advance regarding purchasing opportunities) that sell flowers and greenery.
Getting There: Upcountry Maui is best accessed by car. The Road to Hana is a scenic (but winding) drive. Allow plenty of time and be prepared for slow traffic.
Recommendation: Check with the flower farms in advance to see if they offer tours or workshops. Book reservations well in advance, especially during peak season.
Kauai: Limahuli Garden and Preserve and Local Markets
Kauai is often called the “Garden Isle” for good reason. Its lush landscapes are brimming with native plants and flowers. Limahuli Garden and Preserve (Limahuli Garden and Preserve website) is a stunning example of a restored native Hawaiian ecosystem. While you can’t collect flowers within the garden, a visit will give you a deep appreciation for the plants that were traditionally used for lei making. Learn about their cultural significance and ecological importance. Check the local markets for fresh flowers brought in from local growers. Talk to the vendors to learn about the different types of flowers and their uses.
Getting there: Limahuli Garden and Preserve is located on the North Shore of Kauai. Reservations are required.
Recommendation: Combine a visit to Limahuli Garden with a trip to a nearby beach for some relaxation and inspiration.
Big Island: Volcanoes National Park and Farmers Markets
The Big Island offers a different kind of floral experience. While floral density might not match Kauai, its volcanoes create unique microclimates that support a variety of plants. While you absolutely cannot collect flowers within Volcanoes National Park due to its protected environment and delicate ecosystem, the park itself is awe-inspiring and can connect you to the power of nature from which lei-making inspiration might come. Instead of foraging, explore the local farmers markets in Hilo or Kona. You’ll find a diverse selection of flowers, fruits, and vegetables grown by local farmers. This is a great way to support the local economy and discover new and unusual lei materials.
Getting There: Volcanoes National Park is located on the southeastern side of the Big Island. Farmers markets are held in various locations throughout the island. Check local listings for schedules and locations.
Recommendation: Take a guided tour of Volcanoes National Park to learn about the island’s volcanic history and unique plant life. Stop at roadside stands for fresh tropical fruits and flowers to use in your lei.
Respecting the Culture: Dos and Don’ts of Lei Etiquette
Lei are more than just pretty decorations; they are symbols of aloha and respect. Here are some important etiquette tips to keep in mind.
Dos:
- Accept a lei with gratitude: When offered a lei, accept it with a smile and express your gratitude. It’s considered impolite to refuse a lei.
- Wear the lei with respect: Drape the lei gently around your neck, allowing it to hang freely. Avoid fidgeting with it or removing it unnecessarily.
- Care for your lei: Keep your lei fresh by spritzing it with water and storing it in the refrigerator.
- Dispose of lei respectfully: When you’re finished with your lei, return it to the earth by burying it, hanging it on a tree, or returning it to the ocean. Never throw a lei in the trash.
- Consider sensitivities: Avoid wearing a lei if you have allergies to flowers or fragrance.
Don’ts:
- Give a closed lei to a pregnant woman: A closed lei (one that is completely circular) is said to bring bad luck to a pregnant woman. Instead, give her an open-ended lei.
- Wear a lei you made for yourself: It is generally considered more appropriate to receive a lei as a gift than to make one for yourself.
- Wear a lei while working: Lei are typically worn for special occasions or celebrations, not during work hours.
- Place a lei on your head: Unless it is specifically a head lei (lei po’o), do not place a lei on your head. It is considered disrespectful.
- Remove a lei in front of the person who gave it to you: This is considered very impolite. Wait until you are away from the giver to remove the lei.
Preserving Your Memories: How to Dry and Store Lei
Want to keep your lei as a memento of your Hawaiian vacation? Here are a few ways to dry and preserve them.
Drying Lei:
The simplest way to preserve your lei is to let it air dry. Hang the lei in a well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight. It will take several days for the lei to dry completely. Once the lei is dry, the flowers will be brittle and the colors will fade slightly.
Pressing Lei:
For a more decorative preservation method, you can press the flowers in your lei. Place the lei between two sheets of parchment paper and then place it inside a heavy book. Weight the book down with additional books or objects. Leave the lei to press for several weeks. Once the flowers are dry and flat, you can frame them or use them to decorate cards or scrapbooks.
Using Silica Gel:
For more information on preservation techniques, consult a florist experienced in lei care. They can offer tips specific to your chosen blooms for the best results. Silica gel is a desiccant that absorbs moisture and helps to dry flowers quickly. Place the lei in a container filled with silica gel, making sure the flowers are completely covered. Seal the container and leave it for several days, or until the flowers are dry. Silica gel is available at most craft stores.
Tip: Drying your lei can significantly change its appearance, often shrinking and altering the colors. For best results, choose flowers that retain their color well when dried, such as statice or strawflowers.
FAQ Section: Common Questions About Lei Making
What is the best type of flower to use for lei making?
There’s no single “best” flower. Plumeria, orchids, tuberose, and carnations are popular choices for flower lei due to their fragrance and durability. However, you can use any type of flower you like! Experiment with different colors and textures to create your own unique lei. Consider the occasion: fragrant flowers are well-suited for celebrations, while more delicate flowers might be better for a quieter, more intimate offering.
How long will a lei last?
The lifespan of a lei depends on the type of flowers used and how it is cared for. In general, flower lei will last for one to three days. To keep your lei fresh, spritz it with water and store it in the refrigerator in a plastic bag. Avoid placing heavy objects on top of the lei.
Can I make a lei with leaves or other materials?
Absolutely! Lei can be made from a variety of materials, including leaves, shells, seeds, nuts, and feathers. Ti leaves, ferns, and kukui nuts are popular choices for non-floral lei. Be mindful of cultural protocols and ethical considerations when collecting natural materials. Different materials carry different meanings, so do some research to understand the symbolism before you start.
Is it okay to give a lei to someone of the opposite gender?
Yes, it is perfectly acceptable to give a lei to someone of the opposite gender. Lei are given as a symbol of aloha to anyone, regardless of gender.
Where can I learn more about lei making?
Besides taking a lei-making class, you can find plenty of information online and in books. Check out local libraries, museums, and cultural centers for resources on Hawaiian culture and lei making. Search on YouTube for instructional videos on lei-making techniques.
References List
Polynesian Cultural Center Website
Foster Botanical Garden website
Ali’i Kula Lavender website
Limahuli Garden and Preserve website
Ready to embark on your own lei-making adventure? Don’t just visit Hawaii; experience it. Book a lei-making class today, explore local flower markets, and connect with the aloha spirit through this beautiful tradition. Imagine the pride of crafting a lei with your own hands, a tangible reminder of your time in paradise. And remember, it’s not just about the finished product; it’s about the journey, the connection to culture, and the joy of creating something beautiful. Create your own memories and celebrate aloha, one lei at a time!
