Hawaii’s stunning landscapes and unique culture are a global treasure, and as visitors, it’s our kuleana (responsibility) to protect them. This guide focuses on ethical tourism in Hawaii, providing practical tips to help you experience the islands responsibly, minimize your impact, and contribute to their preservation. This isn’t just about ticking off attractions; it’s about immersing yourself in the spirit of Aloha and leaving Hawaii better than you found it.
Respecting the ‘Āina (Land)
The ‘āina, meaning “land” in Hawaiian, is more than just scenery; it’s the foundation of life and culture. Treat it with reverence and respect.
Hiking Responsibly: Stick to marked trails. Wandering off-trail can damage fragile ecosystems, erode soil, and disturb native plants and animals. Before you head out, check the National Tropical Botanical Garden website for information on native plant species to avoid trampling. Consider downloading offline maps using apps like AllTrails to avoid getting lost and minimize your footprint. Pack out everything you pack in – this includes food wrappers, water bottles, and even biodegradable items. Something that’s biodegradable somewhere else might not be in Hawaii’s unique climate. Consider packing a small trash bag specifically for this purpose.
Coastal Conservation: Hawaii’s coastlines are particularly vulnerable. Stay off the dunes; they are vital for erosion control and provide habitat for nesting seabirds and other wildlife. Avoid touching or disturbing coral reefs; they are incredibly delicate and can be easily damaged by contact. Sadly, sunscreen chemicals are a major threat to coral reefs. Choose reef-safe sunscreen containing zinc oxide or titanium dioxide as active ingredients. Check the active ingredients to ensure that your sunscreen does not contain chemicals of concern, like oxybenzone and octinoxate, as these are harmful to marine life. The impact of chemical sunscreens is so significant that Hawaii banned the sale of sunscreens containing these chemicals, starting in 2021 (Hawaii Senate Bill 2571). When swimming or snorkeling, maintain a safe distance from coral reefs and marine animals. Avoid standing on or kicking coral, and do not feed fish or other marine life.
Minimize Water Usage: Water is a precious resource in Hawaii. Be mindful of your water consumption, especially during the dry season. Take shorter showers, turn off the tap while brushing your teeth, and report any leaks to your hotel or rental property. Consider supporting businesses that implement water conservation measures.
Avoiding Invasive Species: Invasive species are a significant threat to Hawaii’s native ecosystems. Help prevent their spread by cleaning your shoes and gear before and after hiking, boating, or other outdoor activities. Remove any seeds, soil, or insects that may be attached. Don’t transport plants, fruits, or animals between islands or from the mainland. Learn more about invasive species in Hawaii and how you can help prevent their spread from the Hawaii Invasive Species Council.
Embracing Hawaiian Culture with Respect
Hawaii’s culture is rich and vibrant, steeped in tradition and history. Show respect for Hawaiian culture by learning about its significance and customs.
Learn Basic Hawaiian Phrases: Making an effort to learn a few basic Hawaiian phrases can go a long way in showing respect and appreciation. Some useful phrases include: Aloha (hello, goodbye, love), Mahalo (thank you), ‘Ae (yes), ‘A’ole (no), and E komo mai (welcome). Using these phrases in your interactions with locals can help you build connections and learn more about the culture.
Respect Sacred Sites (Heiau): Heiau are ancient Hawaiian temples or places of worship. They are sacred sites and should be treated with reverence. Do not climb on or disturb heiau, and avoid making loud noises or disrespectful gestures. Many heiau are marked with signs indicating their significance. Some heiau are open to the public, while others are restricted to cultural practitioners. Always follow posted guidelines and ask for permission before entering a heiau if you are unsure about its accessibility. For example, Pu’uhonua o Honaunau National Historical Park on the Big Island preserves a significant heiau and offers insights into Hawaiian history.
Attend Cultural Events and Workshops: Immerse yourself in Hawaiian culture by attending cultural events and workshops. Look for opportunities to learn hula, lei making, Hawaiian language, or traditional crafts. Many community centers and cultural organizations offer classes and workshops for visitors. The Merrie Monarch Festival, held annually in Hilo on the Big Island, is a world-renowned hula competition that showcases the beauty and artistry of Hawaiian dance. While attending the festival requires advance planning, there are numerous other smaller events and performances throughout the year that offer a glimpse into Hawaiian culture.
Support Local Artisans and Businesses: Purchase souvenirs and gifts from local artisans and businesses to support the local economy and promote sustainable practices. Look for products made with locally sourced materials and crafted using traditional techniques. Avoid purchasing items made from endangered species or materials that may have a negative impact on the environment. For example, buying a hand-carved wooden bowl from a local artist is a more ethical and sustainable choice than purchasing a mass-produced souvenir from a big-box store. If possible, ask the artisan about the origin of the materials and the process used to create the product.
Dress Appropriately: While Hawaii has a relaxed atmosphere, it’s important to dress modestly when visiting sacred sites or attending cultural events. Avoid wearing revealing clothing or swimwear in these settings. When visiting a heiau, it’s customary to remove your shoes as a sign of respect.
Learn About Hawaiian History: Take the time to learn about Hawaiian history, including the Kingdom of Hawaii, the overthrow of the monarchy, and the impact of colonization. Understanding the historical context of the islands can help you appreciate the resilience of the Hawaiian people and the importance of preserving their cultural heritage. Consider visiting the Iolani Palace in Honolulu, the former residence of the Hawaiian monarchy, to learn about the history of the Kingdom of Hawaii.
Responsible Wildlife Encounters
Hawaii’s unique wildlife is a major draw for visitors. Ensure your interactions with animals are respectful and non-disruptive.
Turtle Encounters: Hawaiian green sea turtles, or Honu, are a protected species. Observe them from a distance of at least 10 feet. Never touch, feed, or harass them. Feeding turtles can alter their natural behavior and make them dependent on humans. Touching them can transfer bacteria and disrupt their protective coating. If you see a turtle on the beach, give it plenty of space and allow it to rest undisturbed. Report any signs of distress or injury to the authorities. Visit NOAA Fisheries website for more information about sea turtle conservation efforts.
Monk Seal Safety: Hawaiian monk seals are one of the most endangered marine mammals in the world. They are often found resting on beaches. Give them plenty of space, at least 50 feet, and do not approach them. If a monk seal feels threatened, it may become aggressive. Keep children and pets away from monk seals. Report any sightings of monk seals to the authorities, and do not interfere with their natural behavior. Check with local authorities and signage regarding monk seal presence. Volunteers on the beach often rope off areas when seals are present. Respect the roped-off areas and listen to the volunteers.
Whale Watching Guidelines: During whale watching season (typically November to May), choose reputable tour operators that adhere to responsible whale watching guidelines. Maintain a safe distance from whales (at least 100 yards), and avoid making loud noises or sudden movements. Do not approach whales too closely or attempt to touch them. Choose tour operators that prioritize the safety and well-being of the whales. Look for operators that have marine biologists on board and educate passengers about whale behavior and conservation. The Pacific Whale Foundation is a non-profit organization that conducts whale research and offers educational whale watching tours.
Respecting Birdlife: Hawaii is home to a variety of native bird species, many of which are endangered. Avoid disturbing bird nests or feeding birds. Keep your distance from nesting areas, and do not approach or handle birds. Leash your dogs in areas where birds are present to prevent them from disturbing nesting sites or hunting the birds. Support efforts to protect bird habitats and control invasive species that prey on native birds. The Hawaii Division of Forestry and Wildlife (DOFAW) works to protect and manage Hawaii’s native bird populations.
Avoid Supporting Harmful Activities: Refrain from participating in activities that exploit or harm animals, such as swimming with captive dolphins or riding elephants. Choose ethical alternatives that prioritize the well-being of animals. For example, instead of swimming with captive dolphins, go snorkeling or scuba diving in the ocean to observe marine life in its natural habitat.
Supporting the Local Economy
Supporting local businesses and initiatives is crucial for sustainable tourism in Hawaii.
Shop Local: Patronize local businesses instead of large chain stores. This helps to support the local economy and preserve the unique character of the islands. Visit farmers markets, craft fairs, and local shops to find unique souvenirs and gifts. Many local businesses are committed to sustainable practices and use locally sourced materials. For example, buying a handmade quilt from a local artisan not only supports the local economy but also helps to preserve traditional Hawaiian crafts.
Eat Local: Dine at local restaurants and try traditional Hawaiian cuisine. This supports local farmers and food producers and helps to preserve culinary traditions. Look for restaurants that use locally sourced ingredients and offer traditional Hawaiian dishes such as poke, kalua pig, and poi. Attending a luau can be a great way to experience Hawaiian culture and cuisine, but be sure to choose a luau that is authentic and respectful of Hawaiian traditions.
Stay in Locally Owned Accommodations: Consider staying in locally owned bed and breakfasts, vacation rentals, or boutique hotels instead of large corporate hotels. This helps to support local entrepreneurs and keep money in the local economy. Many locally owned accommodations offer a more authentic and personalized experience than large chain hotels. Look for accommodations that are committed to sustainable practices, such as using solar power, conserving water, and reducing waste.
Volunteer Your Time: Participate in volunteer activities that benefit the local community and the environment. Many organizations offer volunteer opportunities such as beach cleanups, habitat restoration projects, and cultural preservation initiatives. Volunteering your time is a great way to give back to the community and learn more about the islands. For example, you could volunteer with a local organization to remove invasive species from a native forest or help to restore a historic heiau.
Donate to Local Charities: Support local charities and non-profit organizations that are working to address social and environmental issues in Hawaii. Many organizations are working to protect native species, preserve cultural heritage, and promote sustainable development. Donating to these organizations can help them to continue their important work. For example, you could donate to an organization that is working to protect Hawaiian monk seals or an organization that is working to preserve the Hawaiian language.
Minimizing Your Environmental Impact
Reducing your environmental footprint is crucial for preserving Hawaii’s natural beauty.
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle: Follow the principles of reduce, reuse, and recycle. Reduce your consumption by bringing your own reusable shopping bags, water bottles, and coffee cups. Reuse items whenever possible, and recycle materials according to local guidelines. Avoid single-use plastics, such as straws, plastic bags, and plastic water bottles. Hawaii has a bottle bill that provides a refund for certain beverage containers. Deposit these containers at designated redemption centers to help reduce waste.
Choose Sustainable Transportation: Opt for sustainable transportation options whenever possible. Walk, bike, or use public transportation instead of renting a car. If you do rent a car, choose a fuel-efficient or electric vehicle. Consider using ride-sharing services or carpooling to reduce the number of cars on the road. Biking is a great way to explore many areas of Hawaii, and there are numerous bike rental shops on the islands. TheBus, Honolulu’s public transportation system, offers an affordable and convenient way to get around Oahu.
Conserve Energy: Be mindful of your energy consumption. Turn off lights and electronic devices when you leave your hotel room or rental property. Adjust the thermostat to conserve energy. Consider staying in accommodations that use renewable energy sources, such as solar power. Unplug chargers when not in use and reduce your electricity consumption during peak hours (typically in the evenings).
Support Sustainable Businesses: Choose businesses that are committed to sustainable practices. Look for businesses that use renewable energy, conserve water, reduce waste, and support local communities. Ask businesses about their sustainability initiatives and choose those that are making a positive impact. For example, choose a tour operator that uses eco-friendly boats and follows responsible wildlife viewing guidelines. When looking for your next lodging, check Green Destinations for sustainability recognition.
Offset Your Carbon Footprint: Consider offsetting your carbon footprint by donating to organizations that are working to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Many organizations offer carbon offset programs that allow you to invest in projects that reduce carbon emissions, such as renewable energy projects or reforestation projects. Calculate your carbon footprint using an online calculator and then donate to a carbon offset program to compensate for your emissions.
Specific Spots and Ethical Considerations
Let’s dive into specific locations in Hawaii and how to enjoy them ethically.
Hana Highway (Maui): This iconic route is famous for its winding roads and stunning scenery. However, it’s also known for traffic congestion and environmental impact. Drive slowly and cautiously, and be respectful of local residents. Pull over in designated areas only, and avoid trespassing on private property. Pack out all trash, and be mindful of the fragile ecosystems along the route. Consider hiring a local guide to learn about the history and culture of the area. The Hana Highway is a narrow, winding road, so it’s important to be prepared for slow traffic and potential delays. Start your journey early in the morning to avoid the crowds and give yourself plenty of time to explore the area. Be sure to check the road conditions before you go, as landslides and road closures can occur, especially during heavy rains. Support local businesses in Hana by purchasing food and souvenirs from local vendors.
Waimea Canyon (Kauai): Known as the “Grand Canyon of the Pacific,” Waimea Canyon offers breathtaking views. Stay on marked trails, and avoid venturing too close to the edge. Protect the native plants and animals by not disturbing them. Pack out all trash. Be mindful of the weather conditions, as the canyon can be prone to sudden changes in weather. Take plenty of water, wear sunscreen, and bring a hat. Consider taking a guided tour to learn about the geology and history of the canyon. Support local businesses in Waimea Town by purchasing food and souvenirs from local vendors.
Volcanoes National Park (Big Island): This park showcases the power and beauty of volcanic landscapes. Follow all park regulations, and stay on marked trails. Avoid approaching active lava flows too closely, as they can be dangerous. Protect native plants and animals by not disturbing them. Be mindful of the air quality, as volcanic emissions can be harmful. Take plenty of water, wear sunscreen, and bring a hat. Consider taking a ranger-led tour to learn about the geology and ecology of the park. Support the park by purchasing a park pass and donating to the Friends of Volcanoes National Park.
Pearl Harbor (Oahu): A significant historical site, Pearl Harbor requires respectful behavior. Maintain a quiet and respectful demeanor throughout your visit. Follow all guidelines and instructions provided by the National Park Service. Reflect on the historical significance of the site and the sacrifices made by those who served. Consider taking a guided tour to learn more about the history of Pearl Harbor. Be sure to book your tickets in advance, as they often sell out. Avoid taking photographs in areas where it is prohibited. Donate to the Pearl Harbor Memorial Fund to support the preservation of the site.
Waikiki Beach (Oahu): One of the most famous beaches in the world, Waikiki Beach is a popular destination for tourists. Be mindful of the crowds and respect other beachgoers. Keep the beach clean by disposing of your trash properly. Use reef-safe sunscreen to protect the coral reefs. Avoid feeding the birds or other wildlife. Support local businesses in Waikiki by purchasing food and souvenirs from local vendors. Consider taking a surfing lesson from a local instructor. Be respectful of the local culture and traditions.
Navigating Luaus Ethically
Luaus are a fantastic way to experience Hawaiian culture, but it’s important to choose one that respects the traditions and supports the community.
Authenticity is Key: Look for luaus that prioritize authentic Hawaiian culture over touristy gimmicks. Do some research and read reviews before booking. Authentic luaus will often highlight traditional Hawaiian music, dance, and storytelling, as well as serving traditional Hawaiian food.
Support Local Performers: Choose luaus that employ local performers and musicians. This helps to support the local arts community and ensures that the cultural traditions are passed down to future generations. Be wary of luaus that feature performers from other cultures or that present a stereotypical or inaccurate portrayal of Hawaiian culture.
Respectful Food Practices: Inquire about the source of the food served at the luau. Look for luaus that use locally sourced ingredients and support local farmers and food producers. Avoid luaus that serve unsustainable or environmentally harmful foods. Be mindful of food waste and take only what you can eat. Some luaus offer vegetarian or vegan options; be sure to inquire about these if needed.
Environmental Considerations: Choose luaus that minimize their environmental impact. Look for luaus that use reusable tableware and utensils, recycle materials, and conserve water. Avoid luaus that use single-use plastics or generate excessive waste. Consider the location of the luau and whether it is located in a sensitive environmental area. Choose luaus that take steps to protect the environment.
Ask Questions: Don’t be afraid to ask questions about the luau’s cultural practices, food sourcing, and environmental initiatives. This will help you to make an informed decision and choose a luau that aligns with your values. Reputable luaus will be happy to answer your questions and provide you with information about their practices.
FAQ Section
What does “Aloha” really mean?
Aloha is more than just a greeting; it’s a way of life. It embodies love, compassion, respect, and harmony. When you practice Aloha, you treat others with kindness and consideration, and you strive to create a positive and harmonious environment. Understanding the depth of Aloha can enrich your experience in Hawaii and help you to connect with the culture in a meaningful way.
How can I be respectful when visiting a beach?
Respect the beach by keeping it clean, avoiding disturbing wildlife, and using reef-safe sunscreen. Do not remove sand, shells, or rocks from the beach. Be mindful of noise levels, especially early in the morning or late at night. Respect the privacy of other beachgoers. Avoid entering private property adjacent to the beach. Follow all posted signs and regulations.
Is it okay to take lava rocks from Volcanoes National Park?
No, it is not okay to take lava rocks from Volcanoes National Park. It is considered disrespectful to Pele, the Hawaiian goddess of volcanoes, and it can also have a negative impact on the park’s ecosystem. Taking lava rocks can also bring bad luck, according to Hawaiian beliefs. Leave lava rocks where you find them so that others can enjoy them and so that you can avoid any negative consequences.
What should I do if I see a Hawaiian monk seal on the beach?
If you see a Hawaiian monk seal on the beach, give it plenty of space (at least 50 feet) and do not approach it. Keep children and pets away from the seal. Report the sighting to the authorities. Do not attempt to feed or touch the seal. Be aware that monk seals are protected by law and that it is illegal to harass or harm them.
How can I reduce my plastic consumption in Hawaii?
Reduce your plastic consumption in Hawaii by bringing your own reusable shopping bags, water bottles, and coffee cups. Avoid single-use plastics, such as straws, plastic bags, and plastic water bottles. Purchase products that are packaged in recyclable materials. Support businesses that are committed to reducing plastic waste. Properly dispose of plastic waste in designated recycling bins.
References
Hawaii Senate Bill 2571.
National Tropical Botanical Garden website.
AllTrails app.
Hawaii Invasive Species Council.
NOAA Fisheries website.
Pacific Whale Foundation.
Hawaii Division of Forestry and Wildlife (DOFAW).
Green Destinations website.
Now that you’re armed with this knowledge, go forth and explore Hawaii with respect, awareness, and a genuine spirit of Aloha. Your actions can make a real difference in preserving the beauty and culture of these islands for generations to come. Plan your trip with ethical considerations in mind; make ethical choices on all of your tours. Let’s collectively strive to be conscientious visitors who not only enjoy the magic of Hawaii but also contribute to its lasting well-being. Mahalo!
