Hawaii’s beauty is undeniable, but its delicate ecosystem and rich culture are increasingly vulnerable to the impacts of tourism. This guide will help you, as an “Island Hopper,” navigate the islands responsibly, showing respect for the ‘aina (land), the culture, and the local communities. We’ll focus practical tips and advice for ethical practices, ensuring your vacation contributes positively to this incredible place.
Understanding and Respecting Hawaiian Culture
Beyond the beaches and luaus, Hawaii has a deep and complex culture. Superficial interactions with the local culture can be damaging. A crucial starting point is learning about Hawaiian history and the impact of colonization. Understanding this history provides context for many of the cultural practices and sensitivities you’ll encounter. The Office of Hawaiian Affairs offers plenty of resources for learning the rich culture and history.
Authentic Cultural Experiences: Seek out opportunities to engage with Hawaiian culture directly from Native Hawaiians. This could include attending a hālau hula (hula school) performance, learning about traditional crafts like lei making or kapa making from a local artisan, or listening to storytelling from a kupuna (elder). Avoid commercially driven “cultural experiences” that often perpetuate stereotypes and misrepresent traditions.
Language: Even a simple “Aloha” (hello, goodbye, love) and “Mahalo” (thank you) goes a long way. Pronouncing the words correctly shows respect. Try using a Hawaiian dictionary or language learning app to familiarize yourself with basic phrases. A resource like the ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi website can get you going.
Respecting Sacred Sites (Heiau): Many locations in Hawaii are considered sacred. Heiau, ancient Hawaiian temples, are particularly sensitive sites. Never climb on or disturb these structures, and always treat them with reverence. If you’re unsure if a site is sacred, err on the side of caution and observe a respectful distance. Look for signage indicating restrictions or guidelines. The State Historic Preservation Division often has information on protected sites.
Pono (Balance) and Malama (Care): Embrace the concept of Pono, striving for balance and harmony in all your actions. This means being mindful of your impact on the environment, the culture, and the local communities. Practice Malama, caring for the land and its resources, by leaving no trace behind and making conscious choices that benefit Hawaii.
Protecting Hawaii’s Natural Environment
Hawaii’s unique ecosystems are fragile and easily disrupted. Responsible tourism is vital for preserving these precious resources for future generations.
Reef-Safe Sunscreen: Traditional sunscreens contain chemicals like oxybenzone and octinoxate, which are incredibly harmful to coral reefs. These chemicals contribute to coral bleaching and can even kill coral. Always use reef-safe sunscreen, which is free of these harmful chemicals. Look for sunscreens with zinc oxide or titanium dioxide as the active ingredient. Purchase sunscreen before your trip to ensure you have access to reef-safe options, as they can be more expensive and less readily available on the islands. You can find useful information from the Environmental Protection Agency.
Avoid Single-Use Plastics: Hawaii struggles with plastic pollution. Bring your own reusable water bottle, shopping bags, and utensils. Refuse plastic straws and disposable containers whenever possible. Support businesses that prioritize sustainability and offer reusable options. Consider packing a lightweight, foldable shopping bag to easily carry groceries or souvenirs.
Leave No Trace: This is the golden rule of responsible travel. Pack out everything you pack in, including trash, food scraps, and even organic waste like fruit peels. Stay on marked trails to avoid damaging vegetation and disturbing wildlife. Avoid picking flowers, shells, or other natural objects. If you see trash, pick it up, even if it’s not yours.
Respect Wildlife: Hawaii is home to many unique and endangered species. Observe wildlife from a safe distance and never feed animals. Feeding wildlife can disrupt their natural behaviors and make them dependent on humans. Be particularly mindful of sea turtles (honu), Hawaiian monk seals (ʻilio-holo-i-ka-uaua), and seabirds (manu). If you encounter a seal, stay at least 50 feet away and report the sighting to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Many volunteer for wildlife protection.
Water Conservation: Hawaii is an island state with limited freshwater resources. Be mindful of your water usage and conserve water whenever possible. Take shorter showers, turn off the tap while brushing your teeth, and only wash clothes when necessary. Consider staying in accommodations that have water-saving fixtures and practice water conservation initiatives.
Supporting Local Communities and Economies
Responsible tourism benefits local communities by supporting small businesses, creating jobs, and preserving cultural heritage.
Shop Local: Instead of buying souvenirs from large chain stores, support local artisans and businesses. Visit farmers’ markets for fresh produce and locally made goods. Purchase handcrafted jewelry, artwork, and clothing directly from the artists. This helps to keep money within the local economy and supports the livelihoods of residents.
Eat Local: Dine at locally owned restaurants and eateries. Try traditional Hawaiian dishes like kalua pig, poi, and laulau. This supports local farmers and fishermen and gives you a taste of authentic Hawaiian cuisine. Look for restaurants that source their ingredients locally and prioritize sustainability.
Choose Eco-Friendly Accommodations: Select hotels, resorts, and vacation rentals that have green certifications and prioritize sustainability. These accommodations often implement practices such as energy conservation, water conservation, waste reduction, and support of local communities. Look for certifications like LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) or Green Globe.
Respect Local Customs: Be aware of local customs and traditions and respect them. For example, it is customary to remove your shoes when entering someone’s home or a temple. Avoid making loud noises or being disruptive in residential areas. Be mindful of noise levels late at night and early in the morning.
Volunteer Your Time: Consider volunteering your time to local organizations that are working to protect the environment or support the community. You could participate in a beach cleanup, help restore native habitats, or assist with community programs. Many non-profit organizations are in continuous need for volunteers. This gives you a chance to give back to the community and connect with local residents.
Specific Spots in Hawaii and How to Visit Responsibly
Let’s zoom in on specific locations and discuss how to be a responsible visitor.
ʻIao Valley State Monument (Maui)
The Issue: ʻIao Valley, with its iconic ʻIao Needle, is a popular tourist destination, leading to overcrowding, erosion, and disrespect for the cultural significance of the area. Flash floods are also a potential hazard.
Ethical Actions:
- Check for Closures: Before visiting, check the DLNR (Department of Land and Natural Resources) website for any closures due to weather or maintenance.
- Visit During Off-Peak Hours: Go early in the morning or late in the afternoon to avoid the crowds.
- Stay on Marked Trails: This prevents erosion and protects the fragile vegetation.
- Respect the Sacredness: ʻIao Valley is a historically significant and sacred site. Be quiet and respectful, and avoid climbing on rocks or disturbing the environment.
- Heed Weather Warnings: Flash floods can occur quickly. Be aware of weather conditions and evacuate immediately if there is a warning.
- Parking Fee: There is a parking fee per vehicle for non-residents.
Hana Highway/Road to Hana (Maui)
The Issue: The Road to Hana is a scenic drive, but it’s also a narrow, winding road with limited parking and numerous residents living along the route. Overcrowding, traffic congestion, and disrespect for private property are major concerns.
Ethical Actions:
- Plan Ahead: Start early and allow plenty of time for the drive. Expect slow traffic and be prepared for delays.
- Respect Residents: Drive slowly and cautiously, and be mindful of residents and their property. Avoid blocking driveways or parking illegally.
- Park Responsibly: Only park in designated parking areas. Never park on private property or block the road. If a parking area is full, move on to the next stop.
- Support Local Businesses: Stop at roadside stands and purchase locally made crafts and food.
- Leave No Trace: Pack out all your trash and avoid littering.
- Be Prepared: Bring water, snacks, sunscreen, and insect repellent. Cell phone service is limited in some areas.
- Consider a Tour: A guided tour allows you to enjoy the view without stressing about driving and parking. It supports local buisnesses that put a premium driving on a safe route.
- Get permitted for the Road to Hana: As of 2021, reservations and entry fees may be needed for State Parks along the Road to Hana.
Volcanoes National Park (Big Island)
The Issue: Volcanoes National Park is a unique and fragile ecosystem. Respecting the power of the volcano while minimizing your environmental impact is crucial.
Ethical Actions:
- Stay on Marked Trails: Volcanic landscapes can be unstable, and venturing off trail can damage fragile ecosystems.
- Respect Volcanic Activity: Be aware of volcanic hazards, such as lava flows and volcanic gases. Follow all instructions from park rangers and heed any warnings.
- Do Not Collect Lava Rocks: Removing lava rocks is believed to bring bad luck and is also detrimental to the park’s environment.
- Dispose of Waste Properly: Use designated trash receptacles.
- Protect Native Plants and Animals: Avoid disturbing vegetation and wildlife. Never feed animals. Watch out for Nene, the endangered Hawaiian goose.
- Be Prepared for Changing Weather: The weather in Volcanoes National Park can change rapidly. Bring layers of clothing and be prepared for rain, wind, and sunshine.
- Nighttime Viewing: Be mindful of light pollution. Keep light to a minimum at night.
Pearl Harbor National Memorial (Oahu)
The Issue: Pearl Harbor is a solemn and sacred site honoring those who lost their lives during the attack on December 7, 1941. Reverence and respect are paramount.
Ethical Actions:
- Dress Respectfully: Avoid wearing clothing that is revealing or disrespectful.
- Maintain Silence: Minimize conversation, especially during the film presentation and while visiting the USS Arizona Memorial.
- No Food or Drinks: Consumption is prohibited in many areas of the Memorial.
- Limited Personal Belongings: Bags are restricted. Check the National Park Service Website for current restrictions.
- Reservations Required: To visit the USS Arizona Memorial, you must typically obtain a reservation in advance either recreation.gov or in person on standby. Check current policies.
- Be Mindful of Others: Be considerate of other visitors who are there to pay their respects.
Hanauma Bay Nature Preserve (Oahu)
The Issue: Hanauma Bay is a marine protected area known for its abundant coral reefs and fish. Overcrowding and unsustainable tourism practices have damaged the ecosystem.
Ethical Actions:
- Reservations Required: A reservation system is in place for visitors. Make sure you have one before going.
- Education Program: All first-time visitors are required to watch a short video about reef conservation before entering.
- Reef-Safe Sunscreen Only: The use of regular sunscreen is prohibited to protect the coral reefs.
- No Touching or Stepping on Coral: This can damage or kill the delicate coral.
- Observe Marine Life from a Distance: Do not feed the fish or disturb them in any way.
- Limited Capacity: Hanauma Bay has a limited capacity to reduce overcrowding and protect the environment.
- Snorkel Responsibly: When snorkeling be aware of your fins and body position, to avoid kicking or touching the coral.
Waimea Valley (Oahu)
The Issue: While Waimea Valley showcases Hawaiian culture and botanical diversity, it’s essential to engage respectfully and support their conservation efforts.
Ethical Actions:
- Learn about Hawaiian Culture: Participate in cultural demonstrations and learn about the history and significance of the valley.
- Respect the Sacredness: Waimea Valley is considered a sacred place. Behave respectfully and avoid disturbing the environment.
- Support Conservation Efforts: Contribute to the valley’s conservation efforts by purchasing tickets and supporting their sustainable practices.
- Swim Responsibly: If swimming in Waimea Falls is permitted, follow all safety guidelines and avoid using harmful chemicals that could pollute the water.
- Stay on Designated Paths: This helps protect the delicate plant life.
Responsible Hiking in Hawaii
Hiking in Hawaii offers spectacular views, but it’s crucial to be a responsible hiker to protect the trails, the environment, and yourself.
Plan Your Hike: Research the trail conditions, difficulty, and length before you go. Check the weather forecast and be prepared for changing conditions. Share your hiking plans with someone and let them know when you expect to be back.
Choose Appropriate Trails: Select trails that are suitable for your fitness level and experience. Do not attempt hikes that are beyond your abilities. Stay on the trail at all times and do not take shortcuts.
Wear Appropriate Gear: Wear sturdy hiking shoes, comfortable clothing, and sunscreen. Bring plenty of water and snacks. Pack a first-aid kit, a map, and a compass or GPS device.
Leave No Trace: Pack out all your trash and avoid littering. Stay on the marked trail to avoid damaging vegetation and disturbing wildlife. Do not collect rocks, plants, or other natural objects.
Respect Wildlife: Observe wildlife from a safe distance and never feed animals. Feeding wildlife can disrupt their natural behaviors and make them dependent on humans. Keep a safe distance from Nene Geese.
Be Considerate of Others: Share the trail with other hikers and be courteous. Step aside to let others pass. Keep noise levels to a minimum.
Heed Warnings and Closures: Pay attention to warning signs and trail closures. Trails are often closed due to hazardous conditions or maintenance. Respect these closures and do not attempt to hike closed trails.
Responsible Ocean Activities
Hawaii’s ocean is a playground, but it’s important to enjoy it responsibly to protect marine life and ensure your safety.
Choose Reef-Safe Sunscreen: Use reef-safe sunscreen to protect coral reefs from harmful chemicals.
Respect Marine Life: Observe marine life from a safe distance and never touch or disturb animals. Do not feed the fish or other marine creatures.
Snorkel and Dive Responsibly: Avoid touching or stepping on coral. Be aware of your fins and body position to avoid damaging the reef. Follow all safety guidelines and dive within your limits.
Be Aware of Ocean Conditions: Check the surf report and be aware of current conditions before entering the water. Swim only in designated swimming areas and heed any warnings from lifeguards.
Avoid Single-Use Plastics: Bring your own reusable water bottle and avoid using single-use plastic bottles and bags on the beach.
Support Sustainable Tour Operators: Choose tour operators that are committed to sustainable practices and respect the marine environment.
Addressing Common Misconceptions
Let’s clear up some misconceptions about ethical tourism to better guide you.
Misconception: “It’s okay to take a few shells or rocks from the beach as souvenirs.”
Reality: Removing shells, rocks, sand, or other natural objects from Hawaii’s beaches and parks is often illegal and can disrupt the ecosystem. Leave everything as you found it for others to enjoy.
Misconception: “Feeding the fish is a fun way to interact with marine life.”
Reality: Feeding fish can disrupt their natural feeding behaviors and make them dependent on humans. It can also lead to imbalances in the marine ecosystem.
Misconception: “Supporting any local business is automatically ethical.”
Reality: While supporting local businesses is generally a good thing, it’s important to choose businesses that are committed to sustainable practices and ethical treatment of employees.
Misconception: “One person’s actions don’t make a difference.”
Reality: Every action, no matter how small, has an impact. By making responsible choices, you can contribute to the preservation of Hawaii’s environment and culture.
FAQ Section
Here are some frequently asked questions about ethical tourism in Hawaii:
What is the Malama Hawaii program?
Malama Hawaii is an initiative that encourages visitors to give back to the community and environment through volunteer activities. Participating hotels may offer discounts or incentives to guests who volunteer during their stay. It’s a great way to make a positive impact on the islands. You can check more information from the Go Hawaii Website.
How can I find authentic cultural experiences in Hawaii?
Seek out opportunities to engage with Hawaiian culture directly from native Hawaiians. Visit cultural centers, attend hālau hula performances, learn about traditional crafts, and listen to storytelling from kūpuna. Avoid commercially-driven “cultural experiences” that perpetuate stereotypes and misrepresent traditions.
What are the best ways to reduce my environmental impact while visiting Hawaii?
Use reef-safe sunscreen, avoid single-use plastics, conserve water, pack out all your trash, and respect wildlife. Choose eco-friendly accommodations and tour operators that are committed to sustainability.
Is it okay to collect lava rocks from Volcanoes National Park?
No, it is not okay to collect lava rocks from Volcanoes National Park. Removing lava rocks is believed to bring bad luck and is also detrimental to the park’s environment. It is also illegal.
How can I support local communities and economies in Hawaii?
Shop at local farmers’ markets, dine at locally-owned restaurants, purchase handcrafted goods from local artisans, and choose eco-friendly accommodations that support the community.
References
DLNR (Department of Land and Natural Resources)
NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)
Office of Hawaiian Affairs
Environmental Protection Agency
Hawaii is a place of extraordinary beauty and culture. But it is fragile. By embracing responsible tourism practices, you can help protect its precious resources and ensure that future generations can enjoy its wonders. Make a promise to yourself and to Hawaii, and choose responsible tourism!
