Hawaii, born from volcanic fire, isn’t just about stunning beaches and lush rainforests. Underneath the surface lies a hidden world of lava tubes, natural tunnels formed by flowing lava, offering a unique adventure for those willing to explore. Imagine walking through a cave carved by molten rock thousands of years ago – that’s the magic of Hawaii’s lava tubes. This article will guide you through some of the most accessible and fascinating lava tubes in Hawaii, giving you the information you need to plan your own underground exploration.
Kazumura Cave (Big Island): A Deep Dive into the Longest Lava Tube
Let’s start with the granddaddy of them all: Kazumura Cave. Located on the Big Island, Kazumura is recognized as the longest lava tube system in the world, stretching over 40.7 miles! This isn’t a casual stroll; exploring Kazumura is a serious undertaking and should only be attempted with experienced cavers and proper equipment. Due to safety and preservation, public access to the vast majority of the cave is restricted. However, guided tours are offered that provide a glimpse into this incredible underground world.
The tours, often led by experienced speleologists, focus on the geology, biology (yes, there are creatures that call these caves home!), and cultural significance of the cave. Imagine seeing delicate lava formations, like lava stalactites and “lavacicles” hanging from the ceiling, or even spotting endemic cave-dwelling arthropods. These tours are not for the faint of heart. Expect to crawl, climb, and navigate uneven terrain. The temperature within the cave is also consistent, usually around 65-70°F, so dress accordingly (layers are a good idea). Tours can range in price from $50 to over $200 depending on the length and intensity. Check out companies like Viator offers Kazumura Cave guided tours.
Pro-Tip: Booking your tour well in advance (weeks or even months) is highly recommended, especially during peak season. Also, inquire about specific physical requirements before booking to ensure it aligns with your fitness level. Remember to bring plenty of water and snacks.
Thurston Lava Tube (Nahuku) (Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Big Island): An Easy Access Adventure
If you are looking for a more accessible and family-friendly lava tube experience, head to the Thurston Lava Tube (also known as Nahuku) within Hawaii Volcanoes National Park on the Big Island. This is a shorter tube, approximately 500 feet long, and is well-lit, making it easy to navigate. It’s a great introduction to the fascinating world of lava tubes. Because it’s part of the National Park, there is an entrance fee to the park itself, but access to the tube is included. The fee is typically around $30 per vehicle and is good for seven days.
The Thurston Lava Tube was formed an estimated 500 years ago! The cave walls showcase smooth, solidified lava flows, and near the entrance, you’ll often find lush, green vegetation taking advantage of the moist environment. Allow about 30-45 minutes for your visit, depending on how much time you want to spend exploring and taking photos. While the tube is lit, bringing a small flashlight isn’t a bad idea to examine details in the darker areas.
Getting There: From the Kilauea Visitor Center in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, follow Crater Rim Drive. The Thurston Lava Tube is well-signed and a short walk from the parking area. The parking area can get crowded, especially during peak hours (10 am – 2 pm), so consider visiting earlier in the morning or later in the afternoon.
Accessibility: While the path to the entrance is paved, there are some stairs leading down into the tube itself, making it not fully accessible for those with mobility issues. Strollers are definitely not recommended.
Kaumana Caves (Big Island): Self-Guided Exploration with a Touch of Wildness
For a free and more adventurous lava tube experience, consider visiting Kaumana Caves, located just outside of Hilo on the Big Island. Unlike Thurston, Kaumana Caves are not well-lit, so you’ll definitely need a good flashlight (or headlamp) to explore safely. This lava tube was formed in 1881 by a Mauna Loa lava flow.
The entrance to Kaumana Caves is marked by two large skylights, collapsed sections of the tube. Be careful approaching these openings, as the drop is significant. While the tube extends for a considerable distance, it becomes quite narrow further in, and often contains water. Venture in as far as you feel comfortable, but always be aware of your surroundings and potential hazards.
Safety First: Sturdy shoes are an absolute must. The floor is uneven and can be slippery, especially near the entrances where moisture collects. It’s also a good idea to wear long pants and a long-sleeved shirt to protect yourself from scrapes and scratches. Keep in mind that the caves are naturally dark and can be disorienting, so stay close to your companions and avoid going alone.
Location and Directions: Kaumana Caves are located on Kaumana Drive (Highway 190) just west of Hilo. There is a small parking area by the side of the road. The entrances are easily visible from the parking area, so it’s hard to miss.
The Legend of the Lava Goddess Pele and Her Influence
In Hawaiian mythology, Pele is the goddess of volcanoes and fire. She is deeply intertwined with the creation and destruction of the Hawaiian Islands. Many believe that she resides within the volcanoes, especially Kilauea on the Big Island. When exploring lava tubes, it’s essential to be respectful of the natural environment and the cultural significance of these places. Avoid removing any rocks or lava formations as souvenirs, as this is considered disrespectful and can disrupt the delicate ecosystem within the caves. Stories abound of those who have taken lava rocks and experiencing misfortune until they return them. While the stories are anecdotal, it is essential to respect the local customs and beliefs.
Practical Tips for Exploring Lava Tubes in Hawaii
Exploring lava tubes can be an incredibly rewarding experience, but it’s crucial to prioritize safety and be prepared. Here are some additional tips to keep in mind:
Footwear: Sturdy, closed-toe shoes are essential for all lava tube explorations. Avoid sandals or flip-flops, as they offer little protection and can be slippery. Hiking boots or trail shoes are ideal.
Lighting: Invest in a good quality flashlight or headlamp. A headlamp is especially useful as it leaves your hands free for navigating uneven terrain. Ensure your light source has fresh batteries and consider bringing a backup.
Clothing: Wear long pants and a long-sleeved shirt to protect your skin from scrapes and scratches. The temperature inside lava tubes is generally cooler than outside, so dressing in layers is a good idea.
Water and Snacks: Bring plenty of water to stay hydrated. Exploring lava tubes can be surprisingly strenuous. Pack some energy-boosting snacks, such as granola bars, nuts, or fruit.
Safety in Numbers: Never explore lava tubes alone. It’s always safer to go with a group, so you can help each other in case of an emergency.
Leave No Trace: Pack out everything you pack in. Do not leave any trash or food behind. Avoid disturbing the natural environment and taking any rocks or lava formations as souvenirs.
Check the Weather: Before heading out, check the weather forecast. Heavy rains can make lava tubes slippery and dangerous.
Be Aware of Hazards: Be aware of potential hazards such as uneven terrain, low ceilings, sharp rocks, and slippery surfaces. Watch your step and take your time.
Inform Someone: Tell someone where you are going and when you expect to be back.
Other Lava Tube Locations in Hawaii
While the Big Island is most famous for its lava tubes, other islands also have their share of underground wonders, though many are on private property or are not easily accessible for public exploration. Some locations and areas where lava tubes might exist, but require significant research and planning to possibly visit include:
Maui: Some smaller lava tubes can be found in the Hana region of Maui, but accessibility is limited and often requires local knowledge.
Oahu: While Oahu is older and more eroded volcanically, smaller lava features might exist, but are rarely discussed or publicly accessible.
Kauai: Similar to Oahu, Kauai’s volcanic activity is ancient, so significant lava tube formations are less common.
Important Note: Always respect private property and obtain permission before exploring any cave or lava tube. Many caves are fragile ecosystems, so it’s important to minimize your impact and avoid disturbing the natural environment. If you’re unsure about the accessibility or safety of a particular lava tube, it’s best to err on the side of caution and seek guidance from local experts.
Lava Tube Ecosystems: Life in the Dark
Lava tubes, despite their seemingly barren appearance, can support unique and fascinating ecosystems. The darkness and constant temperature create a stable environment for specialized organisms. These creatures, often called troglobites, have adapted to life without sunlight. They may exhibit features such as reduced or absent eyes and pale coloration. In Hawaiian lava tubes, you might find cave crickets, spiders, and even blind shrimp. These organisms play an essential role in the cave ecosystem, often feeding on bacteria and fungi that grow on the cave walls. Protecting these delicate ecosystems is crucial. Avoid touching or disturbing any cave-dwelling creatures and refrain from shining bright lights directly on them, as this can disrupt their natural behavior.
The Future of Lava Tube Exploration and Preservation
As more people become interested in exploring lava tubes, it’s increasingly important to balance recreational access with preservation efforts. Many lava tubes are fragile environments that can be easily damaged by human activity. Organizations like the National Park Service and various caving groups are working to protect these unique resources through education, research, and responsible management practices. By following the principles of Leave No Trace and respecting the cultural significance of these places, we can all help ensure that future generations can enjoy the wonders of Hawaii’s lava tubes.
Lava Tube Related Activities
Beyond simple exploration, a multitude of lava tube-related activities are emerging that cater to varied interests. Here are some examples:
- Educational Tours: Offered by knowledgeable guides, these tours bring the geology, history, and ecology of lava tubes alive, providing an in-depth understanding of their creation and the unique ecosystems they support.
- Photography Expeditions: Catering to photography enthusiasts, these expeditions focus on capturing the unique formations and subtle details of lava tubes, often under the guidance of experienced photographers.
- Scientific Exploration: Some lava tubes are actively studied by researchers for insights into volcanic processes, climate history, and even potential habitats for life beyond Earth, contributing valuable knowledge to various scientific fields.
- Spiritual Retreats: Given their quiet and unique environment, certain lava tubes are used for meditation and spiritual retreats, offering a tranquil experience that combines nature and mindfulness.
Gear Recommendation and Safety Tips in Detail
To ensure a safe and enjoyable exploration, take a closer look at essential gear and safety strategies:
- Headlamps: Opt for headlamps with adjustable brightness and long battery life, allowing hands-free navigation and illumination of your surroundings.
- Gloves: Choose gloves that offer both protection and grip, as lava rock can be sharp and uneven.
- Knee pads and Elbow Pads: These can provide extra comfort and protection, especially in lava tubes that require crawling or navigating tight spaces.
- First Aid Kit: Be prepared for minor injuries with a compact first aid kit containing essentials like bandages, antiseptic wipes, pain relievers, and blister treatment.
Staying safe involves a combination of careful preparation and responsible decision-making. Always check weather conditions before entering lava tubes, be aware of the signs of fatigue or hypothermia, and never exceed your physical abilities. Make sure someone knows your route and expected return time, and have a communication plan in case of emergencies. By prioritizing safety, you not only protect yourself but also preserve the integrity of these natural wonders for future generations.
Lava Tube Tourism Ethics
Respectful tourism involves recognizing the unique culture, history, and environment of a destination. When exploring lava tubes, it’s important to understand and honor their cultural significance, as many hold traditional and spiritual value. Show respect for local customs by following guidelines provided by guides and refraining from entering restricted zones. Contribute to local economies by supporting local businesses that prioritize sustainable practices. By aligning your tourism with ethical principles, you ensure that your exploration leaves a positive impact on the environment and enhances the cultural richness of the region.
Let’s consider the perspective of future generations. How can we make sure they are able to experience the same amazement we feel when witnessing these natural wonders? The answer lies in adopting a conservation-minded approach. Limit the use of flashlights at certain times, avoid making a loud noise, not touch anything, do not leave any trash behind, and supporting organizations dedicated to preserving Hawaii’s natural resources.
The Impact of Climate Change and Preservation
Climate change can indirectly impact lava tubes. Rising sea levels could potentially affect coastal lava tubes, and changes in rainfall patterns could influence humidity levels within the tubes. Additionally, extreme weather events can cause damage to the surrounding landscape, making lava tubes more vulnerable to erosion and collapse. Preserving lava tubes plays a critical role in promoting biodiversity because they serve as sanctuaries for unique ecosystems that have adapted to the dark, stable underground environment. These ecosystems enrich the overall biodiversity of Hawaii.
Accessibility Considerations
Accessibility is a notable aspect of responsible tourism. While some lava tubes present constraints due to their raw and natural state, efforts may be made to improve access for individuals with mobility challenges without compromising the integrity of the site. This may involve creating trails with firm, stable surfaces, offering adapted tours with specialized equipment, and providing accessible interpretation materials that cater to varying needs. By ensuring inclusion, lava tube experiences become available to a wider range of people, promoting a sense of community and mutual respect.
FAQ Section
Here are some commonly asked questions about exploring lava tubes in Hawaii:
Are all lava tubes safe to explore?
No, not all lava tubes are safe. Some are located on private property, while others may be unstable or contain hazardous conditions. Always seek permission before entering any lava tube and assess the risks before proceeding. If you are unsure about the safety of a particular lava tube, it’s best to err on the side of caution and seek guidance from experienced cavers or local experts.
What should I wear when exploring a lava tube?
Wear sturdy, closed-toe shoes for safe footing. Long pants and long sleeves protect against scrapes and the cooler temperatures inside. Gloves provide good grip and shield hands.
What kind of flashlight should I bring?
A headlamp with adjustable brightness is ideal for hands-free navigation. Ensure it’s durable and water-resistant to endure damp conditions. Extra batteries are essential to avoid being left in the dark.
Are there any dangerous animals in Hawaiian lava tubes?
Generally, Hawaiian lava tubes don’t harbor large or dangerous animals. However, it’s possible to encounter cave arthropods like spiders or crickets. They’re not aggressive, but it’s best to avoid disturbing them.
Can I take lava rocks as souvenirs?
It’s best to avoid taking lava rocks as souvenirs. Not only is it considered disrespectful to Hawaiian culture, but it can also disrupt the delicate ecosystems within the caves. Furthermore, there are old Hawaiian legends of taking rocks being bad luck.
Are there any guided tours of lava tubes in Hawaii?
Yes, there are guided tours available for some lava tubes, particularly Kazumura Cave on the Big Island and the Thurston Lava Tube in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. These tours offer a safe and informative way to explore these fascinating geological formations. Check with local tour operators or the National Park Service for availability and booking information.
References
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park Website
The National Speleological Society
Geological Society of America
Hawaii’s lava tubes are more than just geological formations; they’re portals to the past, windows into the earth’s powerful processes, and havens for unique life forms. Now that you’re armed with this knowledge, it’s time to plan your adventure! But remember, exploration comes with responsibility. Be respectful of the environment, follow safety guidelines, and leave these natural wonders as you found them – or even better. Book that tour, pack your gear, and get ready to descend into the amazing underground world of Hawaii’s lava tubes. Adventure awaits!
