Hawaii’s Lava Flows: Witnessing the Creation of New Land (Big Island Exclusive)

The Big Island of Hawaii is a living, breathing testament to the raw power of volcanic activity. Witnessing lava flowing firsthand is an unparalleled experience, a chance to see the Earth creating new land. This article serves as your comprehensive guide to experiencing this phenomenon, focusing on active viewing spots, safety considerations, and how to make the most of your volcanic adventure.

Understanding the Volcanoes of the Big Island

The Big Island is home to several active and dormant volcanoes, each with its own unique characteristics. Kilauea, located within Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park, is arguably the most famous and historically active. For decades, Kilauea continuously erupted, drawing visitors from around the globe. While the recent activity has shifted, it remains a focal point for understanding volcanic processes. Mauna Loa, the world’s largest active volcano (by volume and area covered), last erupted in late 2022. This eruption, though relatively short-lived, served as a reminder of Mauna Loa’s potential. Hualālai, another significant volcano on the island, is currently dormant but considered potentially active. Its last eruption was traced between 1800 and 1801. The volcanic activity is constantly monitored by organizations such as the US Geological Survey (USGS), which provides invaluable data and alerts.

Active Lava Viewing Locations

While lava viewing is not guaranteed at all times, certain locations on the Big Island offer the best chances of witnessing active flows or the aftermath of eruptions. It is absolutely necessary to confirm lava activity from official sources and trusted tour operators before attempting to visit any of these sites. Conditions can change rapidly, and safety should always be the top priority.

Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park: A Dynamic Landscape

Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a prime location for exploring volcanic landscapes. However, direct lava viewing within the park varies depending on Kilauea’s current activity. Here’s a breakdown of possible scenarios and what to expect:

• Kilauea Iki Overlook: This overlook provides stunning views of the Kilauea Iki crater, formed during a dramatic eruption in 1959. While you won’t see active lava flowing here presently, you can hike down into the crater itself to experience the solidified lava lake. The trail is a moderate 4-mile loop and takes about 2-3 hours to complete. Be sure to bring water and wear sturdy shoes.
• Jaggar Museum Overlook (Currently Closed): While the Jaggar Museum has been closed due to damage from past earthquakes and eruptions, the overlook used to offer panoramic views of the Halemaʻumaʻu crater. Check the National Park Service’s website for the latest status and potential re-opening information.
• Steam Vents and Sulphur Banks: These areas showcase the ongoing volcanic activity beneath the surface. Steam rises from cracks in the ground, while sulphur deposits create colorful formations. While not actual lava flows, these features provide a tangible sense of the island’s volcanic nature. A short, paved trail leads through the area, making it accessible to most visitors.
• Devastation Trail: As the name suggests, this area was once a thriving forest before being buried by volcanic cinders. It offers a stark reminder of the destructive power of eruptions and the slow process of regeneration. A paved path makes it suitable for all ages and abilities.

Important Note: Entry fees to Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park are generally around $30 per vehicle and are valid for seven days. Check the park’s official website for current fees and any specific alerts or closures.

Kalapana Lava Viewing Area (Outside the Park)

In the past, the Kalapana area, located south of the park, was a popular accessible location to witness lava flowing into the ocean. Today, the accessibility of lava at Kalapana depends entirely on current activity. When lava is flowing to the sea, it’s an incredible sight, but it’s vital to check the local conditions and hire a reputable tour operator for guided hikes. These operators will inform you about the terrain, safety precautions, viewing spots, and costs. In the past, guided tours to Kalapana have cost between $50 to $200 per person. The price is influenced by the hike’s difficulty level, gear available, and distance from the tour’s location to the volcanic activity.

Important Considerations for Kalapana:

• Difficult Terrain: Lava fields are uneven and can be extremely challenging to navigate. Sturdy hiking boots are essential.
• Fumes and Gases: Volcanic fumes, including sulfur dioxide (SO2), can be harmful, especially to individuals with respiratory issues. Check air quality reports before venturing out and bring a respirator if sensitive.
• Heat: Lava can radiate intense heat. Wear long pants and sleeves to protect your skin.
• Safety: Lava flows are unpredictable and can change direction rapidly. Never approach active flows without a knowledgeable guide. It is crucial to stay on marked trails and follow all instructions from your guide.

Other Potential Viewing Spots (Dependent on Activity)

Other areas that may become accessible during periods of heightened volcanic activity include:

• Puna Coast: Past lava flows have dramatically altered the Puna coastline. Currently, there is no immediate accessible sea entry.
• Coastal Areas Near Recent Eruptions: The specific locations vary entirely on the location of the eruptive area. Always consult official advisories.

Remember that the landscape is constantly evolving, so it is essential to stay updated on the latest conditions and consult with local experts.

Choosing a Lava Viewing Tour: What to Look For

For many, the safest and most informative way to experience lava viewing is through a guided tour. When selecting a tour operator, consider the following factors:

• Reputation and Experience: Look for companies with a proven track record of safety and knowledge. Read reviews and check for certifications or affiliations with reputable organizations.
• Knowledgeable Guides: The best guides are local experts who understand the geology of the Big Island and are familiar with current volcanic activity. They should be able to explain the science behind the flows and answer your questions.
• Safety Equipment: Reputable tour operators will provide essential safety equipment, such as respirators, headlamps, and hiking poles if necessary.
• Group Size: Smaller groups generally offer a more personalized and informative experience.
• Tour Options: Consider the type of tour that best suits your interests and fitness level. Options range from easy walks to longer, more challenging hikes. Helicopter tours offer a bird’s-eye view of the volcanic landscape.
• Transparency and Communication: A good tour operator will be upfront about the risks involved and provide clear instructions on how to prepare for the tour.

Tour costs can vary widely, depending on the duration, type of activity (hiking vs. helicopter), and amenities offered. Research tour operators in advance and compare prices. Expect to pay anywhere from $50 to several hundred dollars for a quality lava viewing tour.

Safety First: Preparing for Your Volcanic Adventure

Safety is paramount when venturing into volcanic areas. Here’s a comprehensive checklist to ensure a safe and enjoyable experience:

• Check Air Quality Reports: The Hawaii Interagency Vog Information Dashboard contains up-to-date air quality information. Volcanic smog (“vog”) can be a serious health hazard, especially for individuals with respiratory problems.
• Wear Appropriate Clothing: Long pants and sleeves are recommended to protect your skin from the sun, heat, and potential abrasion. Avoid synthetic materials, which can melt if exposed to extreme heat. Choose breathable fabrics that will keep you cool and comfortable.
• Wear Sturdy Hiking Boots: Lava rocks are sharp and uneven. Ankle support is crucial to prevent injuries.
• Bring Plenty of Water: Staying hydrated is essential, especially in the hot Hawaiian sun. Carry a refillable water bottle and drink frequently.
• Sun Protection: Wear a hat, sunglasses, and sunscreen to protect yourself from the sun’s intense rays.
• First-Aid Kit: Pack a basic first-aid kit with essentials like bandages, antiseptic wipes, pain relievers, and blister treatment.
• Flashlight or Headlamp: Essential for navigating lava fields in low light conditions. Bring extra batteries.
• Respirator (Optional):If you are sensitive to volcanic fumes, consider bringing a respirator with a particulate filter to protect your lungs.
• Stay on Marked Trails: Venturing off-trail can be dangerous due to unstable ground and hidden hazards.
• Follow Instructions from Guides: Listen carefully to your guide’s instructions and follow their advice. They are experts in the area and can ensure your safety.
• Be Aware of Your Surroundings: Pay attention to changes in the environment, such as increased steam or gas emissions, and be prepared to evacuate if necessary.

Respecting the Environment and Culture

The Big Island’s volcanic landscape is not only a natural wonder but also a sacred place for native Hawaiians. It is important to show respect for the environment and the local culture.

• Leave No Trace: Pack out everything you pack in, including trash and food scraps.
• Do Not Disturb the Environment: Avoid touching or removing rocks, plants, or other natural features.
• Respect Cultural Sites: Many areas within Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park are considered sacred sites. Be mindful of your behavior and avoid disturbing these areas.
• Learn About Hawaiian Culture: Take the time to learn about the history and traditions of the Hawaiian people. This will enhance your appreciation for the island and its unique culture.

Photographing Lava Flows: Capturing the Moment

Photographing lava flows can be challenging but rewarding. Here are some tips for capturing stunning images:

• Use a Tripod: A tripod is essential for capturing sharp images, especially in low light conditions.
• Shoot in RAW Format: RAW format allows for more flexibility in post-processing.
• Experiment with Different Exposures: Adjust your exposure settings to capture the detail in both the lava and the surrounding landscape.
• Use a Wide-Angle Lens: A wide-angle lens is ideal for capturing the vastness of the volcanic landscape.
• Use a Telephoto Lens: A telephoto lens can be used to capture close-up details of the lava flows.
• Protect Your Equipment: Volcanic ash and fumes can damage your camera equipment. Use a protective filter and clean your equipment regularly.
• Be Patient: Capturing the perfect shot may require patience and perseverance.

Consider bringing a lens cloth to wipe away any vog or ash particles that settle on your lens.

Accommodation Near Volcanoes National Park

If you plan on spending several days exploring Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park, consider staying in the nearby town of Volcano Village. This charming village offers a variety of accommodations, from cozy bed and breakfasts to vacation rentals. The Volcano House, located within the park, offers stunning views of the Halemaʻumaʻu crater. However, booking far in advance is recommended, especially during peak season. Other options include staying in Hilo, about a 45-minute drive away, which provides a wider range of hotels, restaurants, and shops.

Dining Near Volcanoes National Park

Several restaurants near Volcano Village offer delicious meals and local Hawaiian cuisine. Options include:

• Kilauea Lodge Restaurant: Known for its cozy atmosphere and delicious entrees. Expect to budget around $30-$50 per person.
• The Rim Restaurant (Volcano House): Offers stunning crater views and elevated dining. Expect to budget around $40-$60 per person.
• Thai Thai Restaurant: Serves delicious authentic Thai cuisine with vegetarian options. Budget around $15-$25 per person.
• Volcano’s Farmers Link: A local farmers market offering fresh produce and local snacks. Only costs the price of grocery.

FAQ Section

Is it safe to view lava flows?

Viewing lava flows can be dangerous if safety precautions are not followed. It is essential to check air quality reports, wear appropriate clothing, and stay on marked trails. Guided tours offer a safer and more informative experience.

When is the best time to see lava flows?

Lava flow activity is unpredictable. The best time to see flows depends entirely on current volcanic activity. Consult official sources and tour operators for the latest information. Generally, you can see the glows and light up even at night.

What should I bring when viewing lava flows?

You should bring closed-toe shoes, plenty of water, snacks, sun protection (hat, sunglasses, sunscreen), and any necessary medication. It is also recommended that you pack safety goggles, a flashlight, and a backpack.

Are there any restrictions on viewing lava flows?

Yes, there are restrictions in place to protect your safety and the environment. You must stay on marked trails, obey instructions from guides, and not disturb the natural environment. Check with the national park service or authorities regarding current accessibility to specific areas.

Can I hike to see lava flows on my own?

While it is possible to hike to viewing locations independently, it is highly recommended that you opt for a guided tour. The terrain may be perilous, necessitating the expertise of a subject matter expert with firsthand knowledge and experience on the terrain.

References

1. United States Geological Survey (USGS), Hawaiian Volcano Observatory.
2. National Park Service, Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park.
3. Hawaii Interagency Vog Information Dashboard.

Ready to Experience the Volcanoes?

The Big Island’s volcanic activity is a spectacle unlike any other. Witnessing the raw power of creation is an experience you’ll never forget. But remember—safety and respect for the environment are paramount. Check current conditions, choose a reputable tour operator, and prepare for an adventure that will leave you in awe of the Earth’s dynamic processes. Start planning your trip today and get ready to witness the birth of new land!