Hawaii’s black sand beaches are not just a visual treat; they’re a tangible reminder of the islands’ volcanic origins. These dramatic coastlines, born from the fiery clash of lava and ocean, offer an experience unlike any other sandy shore in the world. This guide will take you to the most incredible black sand beaches in Hawaii, and equip you with everything you need to know to make the most of your visit.
Punalu’u Black Sand Beach, Big Island
Punalu’u, meaning “diving spring” in Hawaiian, is perhaps the most famous black sand beach in Hawaii. Located on the southeastern coast of the Big Island, between Pahala and Naalehu, this beach is easily accessible and offers an unforgettable experience. The jet-black sand is formed from basalt lava that has cooled rapidly when hitting the ocean, shattering into small fragments, and has been gradually worn down by the relentless pounding of the waves.
What to Expect: Unlike many pristine tourist beaches, Punalu’u boasts a raw, untamed beauty. Expect to see Hawaiian green sea turtles (honu) basking in the sun; they’re practically residents of the beach! Respect their space; keep a safe distance (at least 10 feet) and never touch or feed them. Monk seals are also occasional visitors, so be mindful of wildlife protection guidelines. Always check for posted signage and follow any instructions from park rangers or volunteers. The sand can get incredibly hot, especially during midday, so wear appropriate footwear. Swimming isn’t always ideal due to strong currents and rocky conditions, but it’s a great place for sunbathing, picnicking, and snapping some incredible photos.
Getting There: From Kona, take Highway 11 south for about two hours. From Hilo, take Highway 11 southwest for approximately an hour and a half. There are well-marked signs leading to the beach. Parking is available, but it can get crowded, especially during peak hours. Aim to arrive early in the morning or later in the afternoon to secure a spot.
Practical Tips:
- Bring sunscreen, a hat, and sunglasses.
- Wear shoes or sandals to protect your feet from the hot sand.
- Pack a picnic lunch and plenty of water.
- Respect the wildlife and environment.
- Be aware of strong currents if you plan to swim.
A Local’s Insight: Locals often recommend looking for the underground freshwater springs that mix with the saltwater near the shoreline. These springs, from which the beach gets its name, can be surprisingly refreshing! Be aware that this can also create areas of brackish water.
Waianapanapa State Park, Maui
Waianapanapa State Park, situated just east of Hana on Maui’s famous Road to Hana, is a must-see. Its name translates to “glistening water” in Hawaiian, a fitting description for the park’s stunning features, including a beautiful black sand beach, sea caves, lava tubes, and a blowhole.
What to Expect: The black sand beach here, known as Honokalani Beach within Waianapanapa State Park, is dramatically beautiful. Swimming can be risky due to strong currents and potentially dangerous surf, particularly during the winter months. However, the coastal hiking trails offer breathtaking views of the rugged coastline, and exploring the sea caves is a unique adventure. Be sure to check out the lava tube (a geological tunnel formed during volcanic activity) and the blowhole, which shoots water high into the air. The park also holds significant cultural importance; ancient legends are intertwined with the landscape.
Reservations Required: Waianapanapa State Park now requires advance reservations for both entry and parking. These reservations can be made online through the Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR) website. Booking well in advance, especially during peak season, is crucial to secure your spot. The cost for entry is $5 per person for non-residents, and parking is $10 per vehicle.
Getting There: Waianapanapa is located at the end of a long, winding drive along the Road to Hana (Highway 360). From Kahului Airport (OGG), it takes about 2-3 hours to drive to the park, depending on traffic and how often you stop along the way (and you will want to stop!). The road is narrow and often has one-lane bridges, so drive cautiously and be prepared to yield to oncoming traffic.
Practical Tips:
- Book your reservations (entry and parking) well in advance.
- Wear sturdy shoes for hiking and exploring the caves.
- Bring insect repellent, as mosquitoes can be prevalent.
- Pack water and snacks, as there are limited food options within the park.
- Check the weather forecast; conditions can change rapidly in Hana.
A Local’s Insight: During certain times of the year (typically April), the anchialine pools near the beach turn red due to the presence of tiny red shrimp, known as ‘opae’ula. This is a natural phenomenon and adds to the already mystical allure of the park.
Oneuli Beach, Maui
Oneuli Beach, tucked away in the southwestern region of Maui near Makena, offers a more secluded black sand experience compared to the more popular Waianapanapa. The name Oneuli means “dark sand” in Hawaiian, a rather descriptive name for this charcoal-colored shoreline composed of lava cinders.
What to Expect: Oneuli is a quiet, relatively undeveloped beach, perfect for those seeking a more tranquil escape. The dark sand contrasts beautifully with the turquoise water, creating a visually striking scene. The shallow waters near the shore are excellent for snorkeling, particularly on calm days. You can expect to see a variety of marine life, including colorful fish and coral formations. The beach is also a popular spot for scuba diving enthusiasts. The lack of shade means it can get quite hot, so protection from the sun is essential. Keep an eye out for sea turtles; they’re frequently spotted in the area.
Getting There: From Kihei, drive south on Wailea Alanui Drive, then turn left onto Makena Road. Continue past the Makena Golf & Beach Club. Oneuli Beach is located a short distance past the golf course. Look for a dirt road leading to the beach; the parking area is unpaved and can be a bit bumpy. A four-wheel-drive vehicle is not required, but it’s beneficial if the road is wet or muddy.
Practical Tips:
- Bring your own snorkeling gear if you plan to snorkel; there are no rental facilities nearby.
- Pack plenty of water and snacks, as there are no amenities at the beach.
- Apply sunscreen frequently, as there is limited shade.
- Be mindful of the delicate reef ecosystem when snorkeling.
- Consider wearing water shoes to protect your feet from the sharp lava rocks and cinders.
A Local’s Insight: Oneuli is a great place to watch the sunset. The dark sand reflects the vibrant colors of the sky, creating a magical atmosphere. It’s also a good spot for stargazing on clear nights, away from the bright lights of the resort areas.
Kehena Black Sand Beach, Big Island
Kehena Beach, also known as “dolphin beach,” is a small, secluded black sand beach located on the Puna coastline of the Big Island, near Kalapana. This beach is known for its clothing-optional policy, which has been a long-standing tradition (although not officially sanctioned). It’s important to be aware of and respectful of the beach culture before visiting.
What to Expect: Getting to Kehena requires a short but somewhat steep hike down a cliffside trail. The path can be slippery, especially after rain, so wear appropriate footwear. The beach itself is relatively small and sheltered by cliffs, creating a sense of privacy. Swimming conditions can vary; the water is often calm enough for swimming, but strong currents can sometimes be present. As the name suggests, dolphins are often spotted playing offshore, making it a special place to watch these marine mammals.
Getting There: From Hilo, take Highway 130 south toward Pahoa. Continue past Pahoa, and look for a sign on the left side of the road indicating the turnoff for Kehena Beach. The parking area is small and unpaved. Be respectful of the residents in the neighborhood. As of recently, they are ticketing cars that are illegally parked.
Practical Tips:
- Wear sturdy shoes for the hike down to the beach.
- Bring water and snacks, as there are no facilities at the beach.
- Be aware of the clothing-optional policy and respect the beach culture.
- Exercise caution when swimming due to potential strong currents.
- Bring binoculars for dolphin watching.
A Local’s Insight: The beach is often frequented by locals who drum and play music, creating a relaxed and bohemian atmosphere. However, it’s important to be respectful of their space and avoid disruptive behavior.
Pololu Valley Lookout & Black Sand Beach, Big Island
Pololu Valley, located at the end of Highway 270 on the northern Kohala coast of the Big Island, offers a breathtaking vista and access to a secluded black sand beach. While the beach itself isn’t entirely black (it’s more of a dark gray), the dramatic scenery and remote location make it a rewarding visit.
What to Expect: The view from the Pololu Valley Lookout is simply stunning. From the overlook, you can descend a steep trail to reach the valley floor and the beach. The hike down is relatively short (about 20-30 minutes), but it can be strenuous due to the steep incline and uneven terrain. Once you reach the beach, you’ll be rewarded with a sense of isolation and natural beauty. Swimming is not recommended due to strong currents and the lack of lifeguards. However, the beach is perfect for exploring, taking photos, and simply enjoying the peace and quiet. The valley is also rich in Hawaiian history and culture.
Getting There: Take Highway 19 north from Kona or south from Hilo, then turn onto Highway 270 towards Hawi. Continue past Hawi to the very end of Highway 270. The Pololu Valley Lookout and trailhead are located at the end of the road. Parking is limited, so arrive early, especially during peak season.
Practical Tips:
- Wear sturdy hiking shoes for the trail down to the beach.
- Bring water and snacks, as there are no facilities at the valley floor.
- Apply sunscreen and wear a hat, as there is limited shade on the trail and beach.
- Be prepared for a strenuous hike back up the trail.
- Respect the natural environment and avoid littering.
A Local’s Insight: The mouth of the Pololu Valley has been changed by various tsunamis. This remote bay holds a lot historical significance in Hawaii.
Other notable Black Sand Beaches
While the previously mentioned spots are some of the most well-known, several other beaches in Hawaii offer unique experiences.
- Pohoiki Black Sand Beach, Big Island: Created by the 2018 Kilauea eruption, this newer beach is a testament to the ongoing volcanic activity shaping the islands.
- Kaimu Black Sand Beach, Big Island: Another beach formed by lava flows, Kaimu is a reminder of the power of nature to create and recreate landscapes. It was completely destroyed by a lava flow in 1990, but has partially recovered.
- Secret Beach (Kauapea Beach), Kauai: Located on the north shore of Kauai, this beach is somewhat secluded and requires a short hike to reach. It is known for it’s beautiful coastline, with the sand being black-ish in color due to the black stones being ground into sand.
With proper regard for safety, respect and awareness, the black sand beaches are a world of adventure for the eyes and the heart and soul!
FAQ Section
What causes black sand beaches?
Black sand beaches are primarily formed from volcanic activity. When hot lava flows into the ocean, it cools rapidly and shatters into fragments. Over time, the waves grind these fragments into fine black sand, composed mainly of basalt.
Are black sand beaches safe for swimming?
The safety of swimming at black sand beaches varies depending on the location. Some beaches have strong currents, rough surf, and rocky conditions, making swimming hazardous. Always check local conditions and heed any warning signs before entering the water.
Can I take black sand home as a souvenir?
No, it is illegal to remove sand (black or otherwise), rocks, or other natural materials from Hawaiian beaches and parks. Hawaiian law prohibits the removal of these items, and doing so can result in hefty fines.
What should I wear to a black sand beach?
Wear comfortable clothing suitable for the weather conditions. It’s recommended to wear sturdy shoes for hiking and exploring, especially if the beach involves rocky terrain. Bring a swimsuit if you plan to swim, and don’t forget sunscreen, a hat, and sunglasses to protect yourself from the sun.
Are there any dangers associated with black sand beaches?
Yes, potential dangers include strong currents, rough surf, hot sand, and sharp lava rocks. Always be aware of your surroundings, exercise caution when swimming, and wear appropriate footwear to protect your feet. Additionally, be respectful of wildlife and maintain a safe distance from sea turtles and monk seals.
Are all black sand beaches the same color?
No, the color of black sand beaches can vary depending on the composition of the lava and the degree of weathering. Some beaches have a deeper, more intense black color, while others may appear more grayish or brownish. The contrast between the sand and the surrounding landscape can also influence how the color is perceived.
References
Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR)
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
Ready to experience the magic of Hawaii’s black sand beaches? Plan your trip today, and make sure to respect the environment, the cultural significance, and the natural beauty of these incredible shores. Book your flights, make your reservations, and get ready for an adventure you’ll never forget!
