Big Island’s Black Sand Beaches: A Photographer’s Paradise

The Big Island of Hawaii boasts some of the world’s most stunning black sand beaches, a photographer’s dream and a unique Hawaiian experience. These beaches, born from volcanic activity, offer stark contrasts against the turquoise waters and lush greenery, creating unforgettable images and memories.

Punalu’u Black Sand Beach: The Turtle Haven

Punalu’u Black Sand Beach is perhaps the most famous and easily accessible black sand beach on the Big Island. Located on the southeastern coast, between the towns of Pahala and Naalehu, it’s a must-see. What makes Punalu’u so special? It’s a popular spot for Hawaiian green sea turtles (honu) and, less frequently, hawksbill turtles to bask in the sun. Imagine capturing the smooth, dark sand juxtaposed with a gentle creature sunbathing. The turtles are protected, so be sure to observe them from a respectful distance (at least 10 feet, as recommended by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). This distance prevents you from stressing the animals and helps them to thrive.

Photography Tips for Punalu’u:

• Timing is key: Midday can be harsh with the sun directly overhead, creating strong shadows. Early morning or late afternoon provides softer, more flattering light. Sunrise can be especially dramatic, with the warm light painting the black sand.
• Composition: Look for interesting elements to include in your shots. Driftwood, lava rocks, and, of course, the turtles themselves can add depth and interest. Try different angles – get low to the ground for a unique perspective or climb a nearby ridge for a wider view.
• Lens selection: A wide-angle lens is great for capturing the vastness of the beach and the surrounding landscape. A telephoto lens will allow you to zoom in on the turtles without disturbing them. A mid-range zoom lens offers versatility.
• Filters: A polarizing filter can help reduce glare on the water and sand, making the colors more vibrant and the details sharper. Consider a neutral density (ND) filter if you want to use a slower shutter speed in bright daylight to create motion blur in the waves.
• Be patient: The turtles may not always be in the ideal spot for your shot. Be patient, observe their behavior, and wait for the perfect moment.

Practical Details:

• Getting there: From Highway 11 (the main highway circling the island), turn onto Punalu’u Beach Road. The drive is well-marked. There’s ample free parking available.
• Facilities: Punalu’u has restrooms, picnic tables, and covered pavilions, making it a great place to spend a few hours.
• Cost: There is no entry fee to access Punalu’u Black Sand Beach.
• Safety: Be aware of the ocean conditions. The waves can be powerful, and there are often strong currents. Swimming is not always recommended, especially for inexperienced swimmers. Black sand can get very hot, so wear footwear.

Pohoiki Black Sand Beach (Isaac Hale Beach Park): A Recent Creation

Pohoiki Black Sand Beach is a relatively new black sand beach, formed during the 2018 Kilauea eruption. It’s located in the Puna district, near the town of Pahoa. This beach showcases the raw power of nature’s artistry. The lava flow created a new bay and a new black sand beach, making it unique. What’s captivating is its story itself and the fact how fast nature can recreate land. Plus, it has a geothermally heated pool.

Photography Tips for Pohoiki:

• Capture the Newness: Focus on documenting the raw and new landscape. Wide-angle shots can show the scale of the new shoreline.
• Water and Waves: As the beach is still relatively new, the interaction of the waves with the fresh lava rock creates interesting patterns and textures. Use a fast shutter speed to freeze the action of the waves or a slow shutter speed to create a smooth, dreamy effect.
• Contrast is King: The vibrant green vegetation against the black sand is striking, especially after the eruption. Highlight that. Look for spots where the lava meets the jungle. Composition is critical to capturing the scene.
• Golden Hour Magic: Sunrise and sunset are incredible times to photograph Pohoiki. The light dramatically changes the colors of the sand and the water, enhancing the scenery. Also, the lower sun angles emphasize the textures of the lava formations.
• Consider the People: Consider including people in your shots to provide scale and a sense of place. Capture surfers, families, or people exploring the shore. Remember to ask permission before taking close-up pictures of individuals.

Practical Details:

• Getting there: Pohoiki is accessible via Highway 132 and then Highway 137. Be prepared for a bit of a drive on a winding road.
• Facilities: The park offers restrooms, showers, and picnic areas.
• Cost: Free admission.
• Safety: The ocean conditions can be unpredictable. Pay close attention to the lifeguard warnings. The black sand can be hot. Watch for sharp lava rocks.

Waipio Valley Beach: The Remote and Majestic

Waipio Valley Beach is a bit different. It’s not entirely a black sand beach, but it has significant stretches of black sand, especially after heavy rains wash away the lighter-colored sand. What sets it apart is its dramatic location. It’s nestled at the base of towering cliffs, surrounded by lush rainforest, and accessible only by a steep, challenging hike or a four-wheel-drive vehicle.

Photography Tips for Waipio Valley:

• The Valley View: The viewpoint at the top of Waipio Valley offers panoramic views, perfect for landscape photography. Capture the entire valley, the black sand beach, and the ocean. Utilize a wide-angle lens for this.
• The Climb Down (and Up): If you choose to hike down (or drive if you have a 4×4), document the trail experience. Capture the steepness of the path, the changes in the terrain, and the unique vegetation.
• Beach Details: Focus on the textures and patterns in the black sand. The contrast between the sand, the cliffs, and the ocean creates beautiful scenes. Also, look for interesting driftwood or other natural elements to include in your composition.
• Waterfalls: Waipio Valley is known for its numerous waterfalls. Capture the waterfalls as focal points in your photos. Use a slow shutter speed to create a smooth, silky effect.
• People’s Experience: If others venture down the valley, capture them interacting with the landscape. Show the scale and power of the natural. Remember to ask permission if you want to get very close to someone.

Practical Details:

• Getting there: From Highway 240, drive to the Waipio Valley Lookout. The road to the beach is extremely steep and requires a four-wheel-drive vehicle. Hiking is also possible, but it’s a strenuous hike.
• Facilities: Limited facilities are available at the lookout. There are no facilities on the beach itself.
• Cost: There is no fee to access the Waipio Valley Lookout. However, if you hire a local tour operator to drive you down, there will be a charge (typically around $60-$80 per person).
• Safety: The hike down and up Waipio Valley is very challenging. Be prepared with water, snacks, and appropriate footwear. If you drive, ensure your vehicle is well-maintained and capable of handling steep inclines. Be aware of flash floods in the valley.

Kaimu Black Sand Beach (New Kaimu Beach Park): Reborn from Lava

Similar to Pohoiki, Kaimu Black Sand Beach is another testament to the power of volcanic activity. The original Kaimu beach was covered by lava in 1990, but a new black sand beach has gradually formed as vegetation has established. Although it’s quite narrow, it offers the quintessential black sand experience. It’s located near Kalapana. Locals and volunteers have worked hard to restore the area with native plants, giving it a unique feel.

Photography Tips for Kaimu:

• Document the Recovery: Focus on the new plant life taking root in the lava fields. This contrast between the black rock and the green vegetation that is trying to prosper creates compelling imagery.
• Shoreline Shots: As Kaimu is a narrow beach, pay attention to the shoreline. Try different angles capturing the curvature of the beach and the unique patterns created by the waves.
• People and the Land: Include people planting trees to showcase the restoration efforts. This highlights the human connection to the land and the efforts to revitalize the ecosystem.
• Sunset Scenes: The sunsets at Kaimu can be spectacular. The west facing location offers clear vantage points, so set up your camera and capture the full show when a sunset is expected.
• Show the scale: To show the scale of the new land formation, include people in your photos, or zoom out to get the total feel for the place.

Practical Details:

• Getting there: Drive south from Pahoa to the end of Highway 130. There’s a parking area, and you’ll walk a short distance to reach the beach.
• Facilities: Limited facilities are available. There are no restrooms directly at the beach, but portable toilets are available in the parking area.
• Cost: Free admission.
• Safety: Wear sturdy footwear because of uneven lava rock that you have to cross. Be respectful of the restoration efforts. The ocean currents can be very strong here.

Other Black Sand Beaches on the Big Island

While Punalu’u, Pohoiki, Waipio Valley, and Kaimu are the most well-known, the Big Island has a few other, less accessible black sand beaches. These are often smaller and require more effort to reach, but they offer unique photographic opportunities and a sense of seclusion.

• Kehena Black Sand Beach: A small, secluded beach known for its clothing-optional vibe. It’s accessed via a short but somewhat steep trail.
• Onekahakaha Beach Park: Although not entirely black sand, this beach park has patches of black sand mixed with lighter sand. It’s a popular spot for families with calm, shallow waters.

Exploring these lesser-known beaches can add to your photographic adventure, providing unique perspectives and a chance to escape the crowds. Always research the access conditions and safety before venturing out.

General Photography Tips for Black Sand Beaches

Here are some general tips to help you capture the beauty of the Big Island’s black sand beaches:

• Protect Your Gear: Black sand can be abrasive and damaging to your camera gear. Keep your camera in a bag when not in use, and be careful when changing lenses. Consider using a lens cloth to wipe away any sand that gets on your lens.
• Understand Metering: The dark sand can fool your camera’s light meter, causing it to underexpose the scene. Use exposure compensation to brighten your images or shoot in manual mode to have greater control over the exposure.
• Find the Light: Experiment with different times of day to see how the light interacts with the black sand. Early morning and late afternoon provide the most dramatic light. Overcast days can also be great for photography, as the soft, diffused light eliminates harsh shadows.
• Embrace the Contrast: Black sand beaches offer incredible contrast, both in terms of color and texture. Use this to your advantage by highlighting the contrast between the black sand, the turquoise water, the green vegetation, and the blue sky.
• Tell a Story: Think about the story you want to tell with your photos. Are you trying to capture the raw power of nature, the tranquility of the beach, or the beauty of the Hawaiian landscape? Use your photography to convey your vision.

Understanding Black Sand Formation

Black sand beaches are formed when basalt lava, rich in iron and other minerals, rapidly cools upon contact with the ocean. This sudden cooling shatters the lava into small fragments, which are then further eroded by waves and currents over time. The resulting black sand is a testament to the Big Island’s volcanic origins.

The color of the sand comes from the high concentration of iron (specifically, iron oxides) in the basalt lava. The more iron present, the darker the sand will be. Other minerals, such as titanium, can also contribute to the coloration. Over time, the sand may become lighter in color as it weathers and mixes with other materials.

Ethical Considerations When Photographing Wildlife

It’s important to be mindful of the impact your presence has on the local environment and wildlife. The Hawaiian green sea turtles (honu) and other marine life that frequent these beaches are protected. Remember to do the following:

• Maintain a Safe Distance: Always maintain a respectful distance from turtles and other wildlife (at least 10 feet, as recommended by NOAA). Avoid approaching them too closely or making sudden movements that could startle them.
• Avoid Disturbing Nests: Be aware of nesting areas and avoid walking on or near them. Keep your distance from any areas that are marked as protected.
• Do Not Feed Wildlife: Feeding wildlife can disrupt their natural behaviors and make them dependent on humans. Never feed turtles or any other animals.
• Leave No Trace: Pack out everything you pack in, and dispose of your trash properly. Avoid leaving any food or other attractants that could lure animals to the area.
• Respect Local Guidelines: Follow all local guidelines and regulations regarding wildlife viewing and photography. Be aware of any restrictions on drones or other equipment.

Beyond the Beaches: Exploring the Big Island

While the black sand beaches are a highlight, the Big Island has much more to offer. Consider exploring other natural wonders, such as:

• Hawaii Volcanoes National Park: Witness the power of volcanoes firsthand. Hike through lava tubes, explore craters, and see active lava flows (if they are present). Check the National Park Service website for alerts.
• Mauna Kea Observatory: Visit the summit of Mauna Kea, the highest point in Hawaii, and see the world-class astronomical observatories. Stargazing here is incredible on a clear night.
• Akaka Falls State Park: Hike to Akaka Falls, a stunning 442-foot waterfall surrounded by lush rainforest.
• Pololu Valley Lookout: Another dramatic valley with stunning views. Hike down to the black sand beach (the trail is shorter and easier than Waipio Valley).

These destinations offer diverse photographic opportunities and a chance to experience the full spectrum of the Big Island’s natural beauty.

FAQ About Big Island’s Black Sand Beaches

Here are some frequently asked questions about experiencing these unique beaches:

Can you swim at black sand beaches?

Swimming is possible at some black sand beaches. Punalu’u, Pohoiki, and Onekahakaha are places where it is possible, depending on conditions. While the sand isn’t the variable, strong currents, powerful waves, and sudden drop-offs can be dangerous. Always check the local conditions before entering the water and heed any warnings from lifeguards. On Pohoiki, for example, there is a partially enclosed, geothermically heated pool, and the waters are calmer, than, for example, at Waipio beach with stronger surf. If swimming, wear water shoes for protection.

Are black sand beaches hot?

Yes, black sand can get very hot, especially in direct sunlight. It’s best to wear footwear, such as sandals or water shoes, to protect your feet from the heat. The darkness absorbs rays from the sun, therefore, it is crucial to be prepared when you arrive with your bare feet.

Are black sand beaches safe for children?

The safety of black sand beaches for children depends on the specific beach and the ocean conditions. Some beaches, like Onekahakaha, have calmer waters and are more suitable for children. However, others have strong currents and waves that can be dangerous. Always supervise children closely and ensure they are aware of the potential hazards.

Can I take black sand home as a souvenir?

While tempting, it’s generally not recommended to take black sand home as a souvenir. Removing sand from beaches can disrupt the natural ecosystem and contribute to erosion. Additionally, in Hawaiian culture, the land (aina) is considered sacred, and removing elements from it is seen as disrespectful. It’s best to leave the sand where it is for others to enjoy. Consider visiting the Volcano National Park shop to buy a more ethical gift instead.

How long does it take to get to Waipio Valley Beach?

Getting to Waipio Valley Beach depends on your method of transportation. Driving down in a four-wheel-drive vehicle takes approximately 15-20 minutes. Hiking down takes about 45 minutes to an hour, and hiking back up can take even longer due to the steep incline. Factor in additional time for enjoying and exploring the valley once you reach the bottom. Hiring a local tour to drive you is an efficient option to save you energy.

A Call to Action

The Big Island’s black sand beaches are a photographer’s paradise, offering a unique and unforgettable experience. Don’t just admire the photos – plan your trip and discover the magic of these volcanic wonders for yourself. Grab your camera, pack your sunscreen, and prepare to be amazed by the raw beauty of Hawaii. Book your flight today, reserve your rental car, and get ready to capture the stunning landscapes that await you. The Big Island is calling – are you ready to answer?

References

• National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
• National Park Service (NPS)