Big Island Volcanoes: Witnessing Earth’s Raw Power Up Close

The Big Island of Hawaii is a truly unique place where you can witness the Earth’s raw power and witness the creation of land firsthand. From active volcanoes spewing lava to vast lava fields and stunning volcanic landscapes to explore, a visit here is unlike any other. This article provides a comprehensive guide to experiencing the incredible volcanoes of the Big Island, helping you plan an unforgettable adventure.

Volcanoes National Park: Your Gateway to Volcanic Wonders

Volcanoes National Park is the heart of volcanic activity on the Big Island, a UNESCO World Heritage Site that protects some of the most unique geological, biological, and cultural landscapes in the world. Spanning over 333,000 acres, the park offers a multitude of ways to experience the power of creation and destruction. The entrance fee is $30 per vehicle, valid for 7 days, which is a great value considering how much you can see and do within the park over a week.

Kīlauea: A Volcano in Constant Motion

Kīlauea is one of the most active volcanoes in the world, and its activity shapes the landscape of Volcanoes National Park both above and below ground. While the summit caldera’s eruption ended in 2018, Kīlauea continues to captivate visitors with its ongoing activity within Halemaʻumaʻu crater. Steam vents and volcanic gases continue to rise from the caldera, demonstrating the still-active volcanic system below. You can generally monitor the volcano’s current activity via the US Geological Survey’s Kīlauea page, and park rangers are your best resource for real-time alerts and safety guidelines.

One of the best ways to witness the volcanic landscape is from the overlooks along Crater Rim Drive. These vantage points offer sweeping views of the Kīlauea caldera, the Halemaʻumaʻu crater, and the surrounding desolate, yet beautiful, terrain. In addition to the overlooks, consider the many hiking trails which offer up-close experiences of the volcanic features.

Jaggar Museum Overlook (Now the Uēkahuna Overlook)

While the Jaggar Museum itself is permanently closed due to damage from the 2018 eruption, the Uēkahuna Overlook, which housed the museum’s observation point, still offers panoramic views of Halemaʻumaʻu crater. It’s a popular spot to witness the steam plume rising from the crater, especially at sunrise or sunset when the light casts dramatic shadows across the landscape. Parking can be limited during peak times, so arrive early to secure a spot.

Halemaʻumaʻu Crater

The Halemaʻumaʻu Crater, within Kīlauea’s summit caldera, is a focal point of volcanic activity. While direct access to the crater floor is restricted due to safety concerns, you can witness the dramatic changes from the overlooks. The crater has gone through periods of lava lake activity, collapses, and explosions, constantly reshaping its form. Keep an eye on park alerts, as visibility and access may change due to volcanic conditions.

Steam Vents and Sulphur Banks

A short walk from the Kīlauea Visitor Center will bring you to the Steam Vents and Sulphur Banks. Here, you can witness the power of geothermal activity as steam rises from the ground through fissures in the rock. The yellowish deposits of sulfur create a stark contrast against the dark volcanic rock. The air can be thick with the smell of sulfur dioxide, which, in high concentrations, can be irritating to the respiratory system, so those with asthma or other respiratory conditions should exercise caution.

Thurston Lava Tube (Nāhuku)

Explore the Thurston Lava Tube (Nāhuku), a 500-year-old lava cave formed by a river of molten rock. The trail through the lava tube is a short, well-lit loop that offers a fascinating glimpse into the underground world of a volcano. Originally, the entire tube was filled with lush ferns when it was first discovered, but much of that vegetation was depleted as a result of the increased access by visitors. The surrounding rainforest provides a stark contrast to the stark lava landscapes on the rest of Kīlauea. Be sure to watch your head, as the ceiling is quite low in some sections.

Chain of Craters Road

For a scenic drive through Volcanoes National Park, take the Chain of Craters Road, which descends 3,700 feet over 19 miles to the coast. Along the way, you’ll pass numerous craters, lava flows, and stunning coastal views. The road ends at the Hōlei Sea Arch, a natural rock formation sculpted by the relentless forces of the ocean. Due to past lava flows, it is no longer interconnected to the rest of the park. Be aware that there are no services (gas, food, water) available along the road, so come prepared.

Puʻu Loa Petroglyphs

Near the end of the Chain of Craters Road, make a stop at the Puʻu Loa petroglyph field. This area contains over 23,000 ancient Hawaiian petroglyphs carved into the lava rock. These carvings, some dating back hundreds of years, provide insights into Hawaiian culture and beliefs. A short boardwalk trail protects the petroglyphs from foot traffic while still allowing for close-up views. Remember to be respectful of this sacred cultural site.

Mauna Loa: The World’s Largest Volcano

Mauna Loa, meaning “Long Mountain,” is the largest active volcano on Earth, both in terms of volume and area covered, even though sometimes it is overshadowed by Kīlauea’s frequent eruptions. Its summit towers over 13,000 feet above sea level, and its vast slopes make up a significant portion of the Big Island. While Mauna Loa is currently not erupting, it is continuously being monitored, and its past eruptions have had significant impacts on the island. In fact, as of November 27, 2022, Mauna Loa erupted for the first time in nearly 40 years, sending lava flows down its northeast flank; the eruption ended on December 13, 2022. It is being monitored by the USGS Volcano Hazards Program.

Mauna Loa Observatory

For a unique perspective on climate change and atmospheric research, visit the Mauna Loa Observatory (MLO), a premier atmospheric research facility located on the slopes of Mauna Loa. While public access is limited, MLO plays a crucial role in monitoring greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. Data collected here have been instrumental in understanding the effects of human activity on the climate. The observatory can be reached from Saddle Road (Highway 200) via a well maintained but steep road.

Hiking Mauna Loa

For experienced hikers, summitting Mauna Loa is an incredible experience. However, this is a challenging undertaking that can take several days. The trail is very strenuous due to the altitude, terrain, and exposed conditions. Permits are required for overnight stays, and it is essential to be well-prepared with adequate gear, water, and food. Check the weather forecast before you go, as conditions on the summit can change rapidly.

Off the Beaten Path: Hidden Volcanic Gems

Beyond Volcanoes National Park, the Big Island offers even more opportunities to discover unique volcanic landscapes.

Lava Tree State Monument

Lava Tree State Monument, located east of Volcanoes National Park near Pahoa, preserves a grove of lava trees formed during a 1790 lava flow. The lava engulfed a forest of ohiʻa trees, leaving behind hollow molds of the trunks as it cooled. These eerie, otherworldly formations offer a fascinating glimpse into the power and fluidity of lava. The park can be seen in one hour because the loop trail is under a mile. However, it can be a unique experience that you shouldn’t miss!

Ahalanui Park (Warm Ponds)

Known locally as “Warm Ponds,” Ahalanui Park is a naturally heated pool created by geothermal activity. The pool, which is partially enclosed by a lava rock wall, is fed by both freshwater and warm spring water, creating a soothing and relaxing swimming experience. It’s a perfect spot to unwind and soak in the Earth’s natural heat. Please note it has been closed to the public since 2014, but it could reopen in the near future depending on the funding it receives.

Pohoiki Black Sand Beach

Created during the 2018 Kīlauea eruption, Pohoiki Black Sand Beach is a testament to the power of volcanic activity. The eruption created a new black sand beach where one did not exist previously. A protected bay also formed, providing a safe place for swimming and surfing. Please note that currents can be strong at times, so exercise caution and be aware of the ocean conditions.

Planning Your Volcanic Adventure: Tips and Recommendations

To make the most of your visit to the Big Island’s volcanoes, keep the following tips in mind:

Book Accommodations in Advance

Accommodations near Volcanoes National Park, particularly in the town of Volcano, tend to fill up quickly, especially during peak season. Book your lodging well in advance to secure your preferred choice. You can find a range of options, from cozy bed and breakfasts to charming rainforest lodges. Note that many hotels are older.

Pack for Varied Weather Conditions

The Big Island’s weather can be unpredictable, especially at higher elevations. Be prepared for both sunshine and rain, and pack layers to adapt to changing temperatures. Bring a light jacket, rain gear, sturdy hiking shoes, sunscreen, and a hat. You may also want to bring an umbrella.

Bring Plenty of Water and Snacks

Especially if you plan on hiking, remember to bring enough water. During longer hikes, you may need snacks.

Respect the Cultural Significance

The volcanoes of the Big Island hold great cultural significance to Native Hawaiians. Treat the land and its history with respect. Stay on marked trails, avoid disturbing any cultural sites, and be mindful of the environment. Do not pick any rocks.

Take a Helicopter Tour

For a truly unforgettable experience, consider taking a helicopter tour over Volcanoes National Park. From above, you’ll gain a unique perspective on the volcanic landscapes and potentially witness active lava flows (when active). Several companies offer helicopter tours from Hilo and other locations on the Big Island, with prices ranging from $300 to $600 per person, depending on the length and route. Book your tour in advance, as they often sell out quickly.

Consider a Guided Tour

To deepen your understanding of the volcanoes and the island’s natural history, consider taking a guided tour. Local guides can provide insights into the geology, ecology, and cultural significance of the area, enhancing your experience. There are several companies that offer unique perspectives. For example, Viator offers several tours that will take you to Volcanoes National Park to see the volcanoes.

Check Volcano Activity Updates Regularly

Volcanic activity can change rapidly, and it’s essential to stay informed about the latest conditions. Check the National Park Service website and the U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program website for updates.

FAQ Section: Your Burning Questions Answered

Is it safe to visit Volcanoes National Park?

Yes, Volcanoes National Park is generally safe to visit as long as you follow park guidelines and heed warnings from park rangers. Stay on marked trails, avoid restricted areas, and be aware of potential hazards such as volcanic gases, steam vents, and uneven terrain. It is important to monitor conditions while entering so you won’t be surprised if something changes.

What is the best time of year to visit the Big Island volcanoes?

The Big Island can be visited year-round, as temperatures remain relatively consistent. However, the dry season (April to September) generally offers more sunshine and less rain, making it ideal for hiking and outdoor activities. The winter months (October to March) can be wetter, but they also bring opportunities to see humpback whales migrating off the coast.

How much time should I spend at Volcanoes National Park?

To fully experience Volcanoes National Park, plan to spend at least two to three days. This will allow you to explore the various attractions, hike the trails, and appreciate the volcanic landscapes at a relaxed pace. If you have more time, you can delve deeper into the park’s natural and cultural history.

Are there any restrictions on bringing food or drinks into Volcanoes National Park?

There are no restrictions on bringing food or drinks into Volcanoes National Park, but you are responsible for packing out all trash. Be sure to store food properly to prevent attracting wildlife. There are limited dining options within the park, so bringing your own food is recommended.

Can I see active lava flows at Volcanoes National Park?

Whether or not you can see active lava flows depends on current volcanic activity. Kīlauea is one of the most active volcanoes in the world, but its eruptions are unpredictable. At certain times, lava flows are visible from the park. Check the National Park Service website for the most up-to-date information on viewing opportunities.

What should I wear when visiting Volcanoes National Park?

Wear comfortable clothing in layers, as temperatures can vary. Sturdy shoes are essential for hiking. A hat and sunscreen are recommended for sun protection. If you plan to visit the summit of Mauna Kea, bring warm clothing, as temperatures can be very cold.

References

1. National Park Service, Volcanoes National Park
2. U.S. Geological Survey, Volcano Hazards Program
3. Viator

Don’t just read about the raw power of Earth – experience it! Plan your trip to the Big Island today. Witness the breathtaking landscapes created by Mauna Loa and Kīlauea, learn about the science and culture tied to these majestic volcanoes, and create memories that will last a lifetime. The Big Island is waiting to inspire you with its volcanic wonders. Start planning your adventure now!