Unveiling the Ancient Hula: More Than Just a Dance, A Spiritual Journey

The ancient Hula is far more profound than mere entertainment; it’s a sacred narrative, a spiritual connection to the land, ancestors, and the very essence of Hawaiian life. Woven with intricate movements, chants (oli), and rhythmic beats, it’s a powerful expression of history, mythology, and the Hawaiian worldview.

The Birth of Hula: A Legacy Rooted in Legend

The origins of Hula are shrouded in the mists of time and intertwined with captivating legends. One prominent story tells of Laka, the goddess of Hula, who birthed the dance on the island of Moloka’i. Laka, embodying the creative life force, is revered as the patron deity of the art, inspiring dancers to connect with the divine through movement and expression. Different islands and Hālau (Hula schools) often have their own variations of the creation story, adding to the rich tapestry of Hula’s historical narrative.

It’s important to understand that Hula wasn’t just invented; it evolved. Observations of nature, the patterns of the ocean, the swaying of trees, and the flight of birds all contributed to the development of Hula movements. Early Hawaiians sought to capture the beauty and power of their surroundings, translating them into a form of storytelling that could be passed down through generations. This deep connection to the ‘āina (land) remains a core element of Hula today.

Two Main Branches: Hula Kahiko and Hula ‘Auana

Hula has two distinct forms: Hula Kahiko (ancient Hula) and Hula ‘Auana (modern Hula). Understanding the difference is key to appreciating the full spectrum of this art form.

Hula Kahiko: The Dance of Tradition

Hula Kahiko is the older, more traditional form of Hula. It’s characterized by its powerful, grounded movements, its use of traditional instruments like the ipu heke (gourd drum), pahu (sharkskin drum), and ‘uli’uli (feathered gourd rattles), and its chants (oli) in the Hawaiian language. The oli often tells stories of creation, genealogy, or significant historical events. The attire for Hula Kahiko typically includes skirts made of ti leaves or other natural materials, and lei (garlands) made of flowers, seeds, and shells.

The movements in Hula Kahiko are often symbolic, representing elements of nature, such as the waves of the ocean or the growth of plants. The dancer’s hands, in particular, are used to tell the story, with each gesture having a specific meaning. For example, a hand movement might represent a specific flower, a flowing river, or the rising sun. The energy of Hula Kahiko is raw and powerful, and it requires a deep understanding of Hawaiian language, culture, and history.

Hula ‘Auana: A Dance of Evolution

Hula ‘Auana emerged in the 19th and 20th centuries, influenced by Western culture and music. It’s generally more graceful and flowing than Hula Kahiko, and it often incorporates modern instruments like the ukulele and guitar. The songs (mele) in Hula ‘Auana are often about love, nature, or contemporary Hawaiian life. The attire for Hula ‘Auana is typically more elaborate than Hula Kahiko, often including dresses or skirts made of fabric, and lei made of fresh flowers.

The movements in Hula ‘Auana are generally less symbolic than in Hula Kahiko, but they still reflect the beauty and grace of Hawaiian culture. Dancers often sway and undulate their bodies in a fluid, wave-like motion. The style of dance allows for more personal expression and creativity within the framework of Hawaiian tradition. Hula ‘Auana is a beautiful example of how tradition can adapt and evolve while still maintaining its core cultural identity. Many visitors get to see Hula ‘Auana at Luaus.

Instruments of Expression: The Voice and the Dance Floor

The instruments used in Hula are not merely accompaniments; they are integral voices in the storytelling. Each instrument has its own unique sound and significance, contributing to the overall impact and meaning of the dance. The ipu heke, a double gourd drum, provides a rhythmic heartbeat; the pahu, a sacred sharkskin drum, resonates with ancestral power; and the ‘uli’uli, feathered gourd rattles, add a vibrant, shimmering texture. These instruments, along with the oli (chant), create a rich soundscape that supports and amplifies the dancer’s movements.

The voice, through oli (chant), is arguably the most important instrument. The oli tells the story, sets the mood, and connects the dancers and audience to the spiritual realm. The chanter (kumu hula or other skilled individual) requires extensive knowledge of Hawaiian language, history, and mythology. The precise pronunciation and intonation of the words are crucial, as even slight variations can alter the meaning and impact of the chant. The oli establishes the foundation for the Hula, guiding the dancers and imbuing the performance with mana (spiritual power).

The dance floor itself, often referred to as the halau, isn’t just a stage; it’s a sacred space. Before a Hula performance, the halau is often blessed with prayers and offerings to ensure a connection to the spiritual realm. Dancers approach the halau with reverence and respect, understanding that they are entering a space where they will connect with their ancestors, the land, and the divine. The ground beneath their feet becomes an extension of their own bodies, grounding them in the present moment and connecting them to the past.

The Kumu Hula: A Guardian of Tradition

The Kumu Hula is more than just a teacher; they are a guardian of tradition, a spiritual guide, and a mentor to their students. The term “Kumu” means “source” or “foundation,” reflecting the Kumu Hula’s role as the source of knowledge and wisdom about Hula. Becoming a Kumu Hula requires years of dedicated study and training, often under the tutelage of a respected Kumu Hula. The process, called ‘ūniki, is a rigorous and demanding apprenticeship that involves learning not only the steps and chants of Hula, but also the history, culture, and spirituality that underpin the art form.

A Kumu Hula is responsible for passing on the traditions of Hula to future generations, ensuring that the art form continues to thrive. This involves teaching not only the physical movements, but also the deeper meanings and symbolism behind them. They cultivate a deep understanding of the Hawaiian language, history, and mythology, as well as the proper protocols and etiquette for performing Hula. The Kumu Hula fosters a strong sense of community within the halau, creating a supportive and nurturing environment where students can learn and grow.

Finding a reputable Kumu Hula is crucial for anyone seeking to learn Hula. It’s important to research different halau and find a Kumu Hula who is knowledgeable, experienced, and respectful of Hawaiian traditions. Visiting a halau and observing a class can be a great way to get a sense of the Kumu Hula’s teaching style and the atmosphere of the halau.

Hula Beyond the Stage: A Living Tradition

Hula isn’t confined to performances on stage; it’s a living tradition that permeates many aspects of Hawaiian life. You might encounter Hula at community events, celebrations, or even in everyday interactions. For example, many families have their own Hula traditions, passing down dances and chants from generation to generation.

Hula is also used as a tool for healing and cultural preservation. It can be a way for people to connect with their heritage, express their emotions, and find solace in difficult times. In recent years, there’s been a resurgence of interest in Hula among young Hawaiians, as they seek to reconnect with their roots and reclaim their cultural identity. This revitalization of Hula is a testament to its enduring power and relevance in contemporary Hawaiian society.

Even participating in a casual Hula lesson can be a profoundly enriching experience. Many hotels and cultural centers offer introductory Hula classes for visitors, providing a brief glimpse into the world of Hula. While these classes won’t make you a Hula expert, they can give you a deeper appreciation for the art form and its cultural significance. You can generally find one-hour lessons for around $25-$40. Check with your hotel concierge or local visitor centers for recommendations.

Mana and Meaning: The Spiritual Essence of Hula

At its core, Hula is about connecting with mana, the spiritual power that permeates all things in the Hawaiian universe. Mana is believed to reside in the land, the ocean, the plants, the animals, and the ancestors. Hula is a way to access and channel this mana, allowing dancers to connect with the spiritual realm and express their deepest emotions.

Every aspect of Hula, from the movements to the chants to the attire, is imbued with meaning and symbolism. The movements can represent elements of nature, historical events, or mythological figures. The chants can tell stories, offer prayers, or express gratitude. The attire can reflect the dancer’s identity, their connection to the land, or their relationship to the spiritual world. When all of these elements come together, Hula becomes a powerful form of communication that transcends words.

Experiencing a Hula performance is more than just watching a dance; it’s witnessing a spiritual ceremony. The dancers are not simply performing; they are embodying the stories, the emotions, and the mana of their ancestors. The audience is not simply watching; they are participating in a shared experience of cultural connection and spiritual awakening.

Respectful Engagement: How to Appreciate Hula as a Visitor

As a visitor to Hawai’i, it’s important to approach Hula with respect and reverence. Remember that Hula is not just entertainment; it’s a sacred art form with deep cultural significance. Before attending a Hula performance, take some time to learn about the history and meaning of Hula. This will help you to appreciate the dance on a deeper level.

During a performance, pay attention to the story being told by the dancers and the chanter (if present). Listen to the words of the oli and try to understand their meaning. Observe the movements of the dancers and the symbolism behind them. Avoid talking or making noise during the performance, as this can be distracting to the dancers and disrespectful to the art form.

If you’re interested in learning Hula, seek out a reputable Kumu Hula and take a class. Be prepared to commit time and effort to learning the dance properly. Remember that Hula is not something that can be learned overnight; it requires dedication, discipline, and a deep respect for Hawaiian culture.

Avoid appropriating Hula or using it in a disrespectful way. This includes wearing Hula attire without proper permission or understanding, performing Hula without proper training, or using Hula for commercial purposes without proper authorization. By engaging with Hula in a respectful and responsible way, you can help to ensure that this precious cultural tradition continues to thrive.

Consider visiting the Merrie Monarch Festival held in Hilo, Hawaii, for a week every spring. This prestigious Hula competition showcases the highest levels of Hula Kahiko and Hula ‘Auana, and provides an incredible opportunity to witness the beauty and power of this art form. While attending the festival requires planning well in advance (tickets are hard to come by), viewing the performances online can still offer a taste of the magic. Check the official Merrie Monarch website for broadcast schedules.

FAQ Section

What is the difference between Hula Kahiko and Hula ‘Auana?

Hula Kahiko is the ancient, traditional form of Hula, characterized by powerful movements, traditional instruments, and chants (oli) in the Hawaiian language. Hula ‘Auana is the modern form of Hula, influenced by Western culture and music, and often incorporating modern instruments like the ukulele and guitar.

How can I find a reputable Kumu Hula if I want to learn Hula?

Look for a Kumu Hula who has a long history of training, a deep understanding of Hawaiian culture, and a strong reputation in the community. Ask for recommendations from local cultural centers or community organizations. Visit a halau (Hula school) and observe a class before committing to lessons.

What should I wear if I attend a Hula performance?

Dress respectfully and modestly. Avoid wearing revealing clothing or anything that could be considered offensive. Business casual attire is generally appropriate. It’s also a good idea to remove your shoes before entering a traditional Hula space.

Is it okay to take pictures or videos during a Hula performance?

Generally, it’s best to avoid taking pictures or videos during a Hula performance unless you have been given explicit permission to do so. Taking pictures or videos can be distracting to the dancers and disrespectful to the art form. Some performances may have designated times for photography, so be sure to check with the organizers.

What is the meaning of the lei that Hula dancers wear?

The lei is a garland of flowers, shells, seeds, or other natural materials that Hula dancers wear as a symbol of beauty, love, and respect. The lei is often made with materials that are significant to the story being told in the Hula. Giving a lei is a sign of affection and aloha.

References List

• Tatar, Elizabeth. Hawaiian Hula: An Illustrated History. Bess Press, 2009.
• Stillman, Amy Ku’uleialoha. Sacred Hula: The Historical Anthropology of Canonized Hawaiian Dance. Bishop Museum Press, 1998.
• Kanahele, George S. Ku Kanaka: Stand Tall. University of Hawai’i Press, 1986.

Ready to experience the spiritual depth of Hula for yourself? Seek out a local cultural center or authentic luau during your trip to Hawaii. Immerse yourself in the stories, the rhythms, and the movements of this sacred dance. By opening your heart to Hula, you’ll not only witness a beautiful art form, but also connect with the rich cultural heritage of the Hawaiian Islands and the profound spirituality that lies at its heart. Let the Hula whisper its secrets to you, and allow yourself to be transported on a journey of cultural discovery and personal transformation.