The lei in Hawaii is far more than a simple garland of flowers; it’s a profound symbol of aloha, love, respect, celebration, and connection. Its significance permeates Hawaiian culture, woven into ceremonies, greetings, farewells, and everyday life. Understanding the lei is understanding a cornerstone of Hawaiian values.
The Origins of Lei: A Journey Through Time
The history of lei is deeply rooted in Polynesian tradition. Before the arrival of Western influences, Native Hawaiians crafted lei from materials readily available in their environment: seeds, nuts, shells, feathers, leaves, and vines. These weren’t just decorations; they held spiritual and practical significance. For example, the lei niho palaoa, made from a whale tooth intricately carved and strung with human hair, was a symbol of high rank and chiefly status. Early lei also played a role in religious ceremonies, offered to the gods and deities as prayers and expressions of reverence.
Over time, the introduction of new plants, particularly flowers, transformed the appearance of lei. However, the underlying meaning remained consistent: a tangible representation of aloha. Flowers became increasingly popular, not just for their beauty but also for their fragrance, adding another layer of sensory delight to the lei experience.
Types of Lei and Their Meanings: Decoding the Language of Flowers
The vast array of lei types reflects the diversity of Hawaiian flora and the nuances of Hawaiian culture. Each type, material, and even the way it’s constructed can carry specific meanings. Here’s a glimpse into some common types:
- Flower Lei: Perhaps the most recognizable, flower lei often feature plumeria, orchids, tuberose, pikake (jasmine), and ilima. Plumeria, with its sweet fragrance and delicate petals, is often used for welcome leis. Orchid lei are known for their vibrant colors and longevity. Pikake, with its intense fragrance, is associated with love and romance, often used for special occasions like weddings. Ilima, the official flower of O’ahu, is prized for its delicate orange blossoms, although gathering enough to make a lei can be time-consuming, making it a symbol of great care and affection.
- Shell Lei: Traditionally crafted from carefully selected shells, shell lei, such as those made from kahelelani shells (tiny, highly prized shells from Ni’ihau), are considered valuable and precious. These lei often represent lineage and connection to the land, and they can take immense skill and patience to create. Authentic Ni’ihau shell lei can cost hundreds or even thousands of dollars, depending on the rarity and quality of the shells.
- Seed and Nut Lei: Lei made from kukui nuts (candlenuts), Job’s tears (a type of seed), or other natural materials offer a more earthy and rustic aesthetic. Kukui nut lei are often associated with protection and good luck, while Job’s tears are sometimes used in lei for healing and spiritual purposes.
- Feather Lei: Intricate and visually stunning, feather lei were traditionally reserved for royalty and high-ranking chiefs. The process of gathering feathers and meticulously attaching them to a backing was extremely time-consuming, making these lei highly valued. The colors of the feathers often held symbolic meaning, with yellow representing royalty and red symbolizing power. While rare today, feather lei are still a testament to the artistry and skill of Hawaiian craftspeople.
- Lei Hulu: Meaning "feather lei", Lei Hulu are one of the most beautiful lei you will see. The price for these Lei often start in the hundreds of Dollars and can go up to many thousands.
- Lei Po’o: A head lei, traditionally created from flowers and ferns, which are still very popular today. These beautiful lei are worn on the head.
Beyond the materials, the color of the flowers used can also convey specific messages. For instance, red often symbolizes passion and love, while yellow can represent friendship and happiness. Giving a lei made from a specific flower or color can be a thoughtful way to express your feelings.
The Art of Lei Making: A Cultural Skill Passed Down Through Generations
Making lei is an art form, requiring skill, patience, and a deep understanding of the materials. Different techniques are used depending on the type of lei being created. Common methods include:
- Kui: This method involves stringing flowers, shells, or seeds onto a needle and thread. It’s a popular technique for creating flower lei, allowing for intricate designs and arrangements.
- Hili: This braiding or plaiting technique is often used for lei made from vines, leaves, or ferns. It involves carefully weaving the materials together to create a sturdy and visually appealing lei.
- Haku: This is a time-consuming and artistic method where the flowers are sewn on a flat surface to create a head lei or a flat front lei.
- Wili: Wili is a method for creating a wrapped lei
Many local cultural centers and community organizations offer lei-making workshops. These workshops not only teach you the technical skills but also provide insights into the cultural significance of lei. For example, at the Amy B.H. Greenwell Ethnobotanical Garden on the Big Island, you can learn about native Hawaiian plants and their uses in lei making. You can search online for “lei making workshop ” to find workshops near you. Prices typically range from $25 to $75, depending on the materials and length of the workshop.
The Protocol of Giving and Receiving Lei: Respecting Tradition
Giving and receiving lei is more than just a casual exchange; it’s a gesture of aloha that should be approached with respect and consideration. Here are some key points to keep in mind:
- Offer the lei with both hands: This demonstrates respect and sincerity.
- Gently place the lei around the recipient’s neck: Avoid throwing the lei or placing it roughly.
- Accept the lei with gratitude: A smile and a heartfelt "mahalo" (thank you) are always appreciated.
- Never refuse a lei: Refusing a lei is considered disrespectful.
- It is usually an accepted tradition to give the person a hug or kiss on the cheek when giving a lei.
- Avoid wearing a lei you’ve given to someone else: This can be seen as a sign of disrespect.
- Pregnant women should not be given closed lei: This tradition is due to not wanting to "close" the "entrance" or womb of the pregnant woman and could possibly cause issues when she delivers. Either the lei can be cut by the giver, or the receiver can cut the lei to allow proper flow.
When giving a lei to someone for the first time, it’s customary to offer a brief explanation of why you’re giving it. This adds a personal touch and shows that you’ve put thought into the gesture. For example, you could say, “I wanted to give you this lei as a way of welcoming you to Hawaii,” or “I made this lei myself to show my appreciation for your friendship.”
Lei Etiquette: What To Do (and Not Do) With a Lei
Once you’ve received a lei, it’s important to treat it with respect. Here are some guidelines:
- Wear the lei with pride: It’s a symbol of aloha and should be worn with gratitude.
- Avoid removing the lei in the presence of the giver: This can be seen as disrespectful. If you absolutely must remove it, do so discreetly.
- Do not discard the lei carelessly: When you’re finished wearing the lei, it’s best to return it to the earth by hanging it on a tree, burying it, or scattering the petals in the ocean. This practice symbolizes returning the gift to the source.
- Never throw a lei in the trash can: Once receiving a lei, it is custom to return it to the Earth.
- Hanging the Lei after Usage: Many people will hang their lei on a special hat rack, door knob, or hook to allow it to dry and cherish it for many years. This can also retain the wonderful scent from the lei for some time.
- Lei should not be worn when swimming or doing "dirty" work activities. A Lei is a sacred decoration and should be treated with respect.
- Never step on or over a lei: A Lei is a sacred decoration and should be treated with respect and should be avoided stepping on.
While it’s generally acceptable to wear lei inside, there are certain situations where it may be less appropriate. For instance, wearing a lei to a funeral may not be appropriate unless it’s specifically requested by the family. When in doubt, it’s always best to err on the side of caution and refrain from wearing a lei to more somber occasions.
Lei in Modern Hawaii: Adaptations and Innovations
While rooted in tradition, lei have also evolved to reflect modern Hawaiian life. Contemporary lei makers experiment with new materials, designs, and techniques, while still honoring the underlying cultural significance. You can find lei made from everything from recycled materials to exotic flowers flown in from around the world.
The internet has also played a role in the evolution of lei. Online marketplaces like Etsy feature Hawaiian artisans selling their handmade lei to a global audience. This has allowed lei makers to reach new customers and share their craft with the world. Many local flower shops, like Watanabe Floral in Honolulu (a staple for over 70 years), also provide online ordering for convenient local delivery Watanabe Floral.
Despite these changes, the core meaning of lei remains constant. They are still given to celebrate special occasions, express love and appreciation, and honor significant milestones. From graduations to weddings to simply welcoming someone to the islands, the lei continues to be a tangible symbol of aloha.
Finding Authentic Lei: Where to Shop and What to Look For
If you’re looking to purchase an authentic lei, there are several options to consider:
- Lei stands at airports: Many airports in Hawaii have lei stands where you can purchase fresh lei upon arrival. This is a convenient option for welcoming visitors or starting your vacation with a touch of aloha. Prices typically range from $15 to $50, depending on the type of lei.
- Flower shops: Local flower shops like Florist Grand offer a wide selection of lei, from simple flower lei to more elaborate creations. They can also create custom lei to your specifications.
- Farmers’ markets: Farmers’ markets are a great place to find locally made lei and support local artisans. You can often find unique and unusual lei that you won’t find anywhere else.
- Cultural centers: Cultural centers like the Polynesian Cultural Center offer lei-making demonstrations and sell lei made by local craftspeople. This is a great way to learn about the cultural significance of lei and support the local community.
- Roadside stands: Along many of the main roads in Hawaii you will often find roadside stands offering lei from the roadside.
When choosing a lei, look for fresh, vibrant flowers or materials and a well-constructed design. Also, consider the meaning and significance of the lei you’re choosing. For example, if you’re giving a lei to someone you love, you might choose a lei made from pikake or orchids, which are associated with love and romance.
Beyond the Gift: Experiencing the Aloha of Lei
Ultimately, the significance of lei lies not just in the physical object, but in the spirit of aloha that it embodies. Wearing a lei is a way of connecting with Hawaiian culture, expressing your love and appreciation for others, and sharing the spirit of aloha with the world. Whether you’re giving a lei, receiving one, or simply admiring the beauty of these iconic garlands, remember that you’re participating in a tradition that has been passed down through generations.
One of the best ways to experience the aloha of lei is to participate in a lei exchange. This is a common practice at Hawaiian weddings, graduations, and other special events. During a lei exchange, guests are invited to come forward and give lei to the celebrants. It’s a beautiful and moving way to express your love and support.
Even if you’re not attending a formal event, you can still participate in a lei exchange with friends and family. Simply gather some lei and invite your loved ones to exchange them with each other. This is a fun and meaningful way to celebrate your relationships and share the aloha spirit.
Preserving the Tradition: Supporting Local Lei Makers
The tradition of lei making is a vital part of Hawaiian culture, and it’s important to support local lei makers to ensure that this tradition continues for generations to come. By purchasing lei from local artisans, attending lei-making workshops, and sharing your knowledge with others, you can help preserve this important cultural heritage.
Many local organizations are dedicated to preserving and promoting Hawaiian culture, including the art of lei making. Consider supporting these organizations through donations or volunteer work. Together, we can help ensure that the spirit of aloha continues to flourish in Hawaii and beyond.
FAQ Section
What is the best flower to use for a Lei?
There is no outright “best” flower. What kind of Lei are you trying to make? Often the answer is based on availability of what is in season.
How long does a Lei last?
Generally, a flower Lei will last between 2-5 days depending on the types of flowers selected and how it is stored. When not wearing, store in the refrigerator, especially when traveling far distances.
Can you ship a Lei?
Yes! This is a growing industry that provides fresh lei deliveries. Ensure the lei is packed well, and stored properly in the fridge when it arrives.
References
- Amy B.H. Greenwell Ethnobotanical Garden
- Watanabe Floral
- Florist Grand
- Polynesian Cultural Center
- Etsy
Ready to experience the true meaning of Aloha? Don’t just buy a lei; immerse yourself in the culture. Visit a local flower shop, attend a lei-making workshop, and most importantly, learn the etiquette of giving and receiving this cherished symbol. Share the Aloha, and you’ll discover the true heart of Hawaii.
