Mele, the heart of Hawaiian culture, is more than just music; it’s the chanted poetry, songs, and dances that tell stories, preserve history, and connect generations. Understanding mele is key to grasping the essence of Hawaii. It’s not merely entertainment, but a living, breathing archive encapsulating genealogy, mythology, natural phenomena, and profound spiritual beliefs.
The Deep Roots of Mele
Before written language arrived in Hawaii, mele served as the primary method of recording and transmitting knowledge. Think of it as the original Hawaiian encyclopedia, passed down orally through generations of hālau (schools dedicated to learning traditional arts). These hālau, often located in secluded areas, were centers of intense study where students memorized complex genealogies (`moʻokūʻauhau`), creation chants (`kumulipo`), and stories associated with specific places (`wahi pana`).
The creation chant, the Kumulipo, is a prime example. It’s a cosmogonic chant, detailing the creation of the universe and the Hawaiian people. Memorizing this intricate chant, containing thousands of lines, was a feat of incredible skill and dedication, and signified the importance of oral tradition in preserving Hawaiian identity. Imagine the commitment – spending years, even decades, mastering the nuances of pronunciation, meaning, and context for just one essential chant!
Different Forms of Mele: A Diverse Landscape
Mele isn’t a monolithic entity. It encompasses a wide range of forms, each with its own purpose and performance style. Here’s a glimpse into some of the key categories:
- Mele Oli: These are chants delivered without musical instruments. Oli were often recitative, using a rhythmic, declamatory style. They were used for various purposes, including prayers, invocations, genealogical recitations, and announcements. The oli could be used to greet someone, to ask permission to enter a sacred place, or to commemorate an important event. The tone and cadence of the oli were carefully chosen to convey the specific meaning and emotion.
- Mele Hula: These are songs accompanying hula dances. The music is rhythmic and percussive, often featuring instruments like the ipu heke (gourd drum), the pahu (sharkskin drum), and the ʻiliʻili (water-worn pebbles). Different types of hula (such as hula kahiko and hula ʻauana) have their own style of accompanying mele.
- Mele Koʻihonua: These are genealogical chants. Knowing one’s lineage was crucial in traditional Hawaiian society, determining status, land rights, and spiritual connections. These chants are incredibly detailed, tracing ancestry back many generations.
- Mele Inoa: These are name chants, composed to honor a particular person, often at birth. These chants would weave together the person’s lineage, significant events surrounding their birth, and hopes for their future, imbuing the name with power and meaning.
- Mele Maʻi: These are chants in honor of the reproductive system, designed to promote fertility and continuation of the lineage. Often misunderstood or deemed taboo by outsiders, these chants reflect the Hawaiian reverence for life and procreation.
Instruments of Sound: Bringing Mele to Life
The instruments used in mele aren’t just tools; they’re extensions of the voice and vessels of spiritual energy (mana). Each instrument has its own unique sound and cultural significance.
- Ipu Heke: This double gourd drum provides a percussive heartbeat to the mele. It’s made from two gourds joined together, producing a resonant sound when struck.
- Pahu: This sharkskin drum is considered sacred and is typically used in hula kahiko. The deep, resonant sound of the pahu is believed to connect the performers to the gods.
- ʻIliʻili: These smooth, water-worn pebbles are held in the hands and clicked together to create a delicate, rhythmic sound.
- ʻUkulele: While not a traditional Hawaiian instrument, the ukulele has become deeply integrated into modern Hawaiian music and mele. It adds a light, cheerful melody that complements the vocals. You can find quality ukuleles for as little as $100, but expect to pay more for handcrafted instruments.
Participating in Mele: Ways to Immerse Yourself
You don’t have to be born in Hawaii to appreciate and participate in mele. Here are some ways to experience it firsthand:
- Attend a Hula Performance: Look for authentic hula hālau performances rather than tourist-oriented shows. These performances often feature traditional mele and offer a glimpse into the cultural context of the dance. Many hotels offer luau events; however, research beforehand to ensure the performance emphasizes cultural authenticity and artistry. Check local event listings and cultural centers for performances.
- Visit a Cultural Center: Places like the Polynesian Cultural Center on Oahu offer immersive experiences where you can learn about mele, hula, and other aspects of Hawaiian culture. Admission prices vary, but budget around $80-$100 for a basic package.
- Take a Hula or Hawaiian Language Class: Many community centers and educational institutions offer classes in hula and Hawaiian language. Learning the language will give you a deeper understanding of the meaning behind the mele. Check local listings for classes in your area. Prices will vary, but often range from $50 to $150 for a series of classes.
- Listen to Hawaiian Music: Support local Hawaiian musicians by listening to their music. Look for artists who are dedicated to preserving and perpetuating traditional mele. Artists such as Israel Kamakawiwoʻole, Kealiʻi Reichel, and Amy Hānaialiʻi Gilliom offer wide range of recordings that capture different aspects of Hawaiian music.
The Kumu Hula: A Guardian of Tradition
The kumu hula (hula teacher or master) plays a vital role in preserving and transmitting mele. They are not just instructors; they are cultural guardians, responsible for ensuring the accuracy and integrity of the mele and hula. To become a kumu hula requires years of dedicated study under a master teacher, often involving intense training and rigorous testing. The kumu hula holds the knowledge of the chants, dances, and their corresponding meanings, passing them down to the next generation. They also teach the history, genealogy, and spiritual significance associated with each mele. The role is highly respected within the Hawaiian community, and often involves a life-long commitment to cultural preservation.
Modern Mele: Evolving Traditions
While rooted in ancient traditions, mele is not static. Modern Hawaiian musicians and composers are constantly innovating and creating new mele that reflect contemporary life while staying true to the core values of Hawaiian culture. They are incorporating elements of other musical genres, using new instruments, and addressing contemporary issues. The fusion of traditional sounds with modern influences keeps mele relevant and ensures its continued vitality. This evolution demonstrates the resilience and adaptability of Hawaiian culture, demonstrating its ability to preserve its core values while embracing progress.
The Power of Words: Kaona and Hidden Meanings
A key aspect of understanding mele is recognizing the concept of kaona – hidden or layered meanings. Mele often uses metaphorical language, symbolism, and double entendre to convey complex ideas or emotions. What appears to be a simple love song, for example, could also be a mele honoring a chief or a place. Understanding kaona requires a deep understanding of Hawaiian culture, history, and language. It takes a trained ear and a keen awareness of context to fully appreciate the richness and subtlety of the mele’s meaning. This aspect of mele adds a layer of depth and sophistication, making it a captivating art form.
Practical Tips for Experiencing Mele
Before attending a Hawaiian performance or listening to recordings, consider these tips:
- Do some research: Learn a bit about the hula styles and the musicians beforehand. This will enhance your understanding and appreciation.
- Be respectful: During a performance, maintain silence and avoid distractions. Show respect for the performers and the traditions they represent.
- Listen attentively: Pay attention to the words and the music. Try to understand the story that is being told. Even if you don’t understand the language, you can often pick up on the emotions and the overall message.
- Ask questions: If you have the opportunity, don’t hesitate to ask questions about the mele or the hula. Most performers and cultural practitioners are happy to share their knowledge.
Preserving Mele: A Collective Responsibility
The preservation and perpetuation of mele is crucial for maintaining Hawaiian cultural identity. It requires a collective effort from individuals, families, communities, and organizations. Supporting Hawaiian language revitalization programs, encouraging young people to learn hula and mele, and promoting authentic cultural performances are all essential steps. By valuing and appreciating mele, we can help ensure that this rich tradition continues to thrive for generations to come. This isn’t just about preserving history, it’s about nurturing the living heart of Hawaiian culture.
Cost Considerations
Experiencing mele can be both free and costly. Attending a free community event featuring local musicians and dancers can provide an enriching experience at no charge. However, immersive cultural experiences, such as those offered at the Polynesian Cultural Center, can range from $80 to over $200 per person, depending on the package. Hula lessons can range anywhere from $15 per class at a community center to $50 or more per lesson with a private instructor. Purchases of Hawaiian CDs or digital music directly support local artists and can be an affordable way to bring the sounds of mele into your home. When traveling, consider your budget and prioritize experiences that align with your interests and values.
Navigating Cultural Sensitivity
Understanding and respecting cultural sensitivity is paramount when engaging with mele. Avoid appropriating Hawaiian culture by simply adopting elements without understanding their context or significance. Be mindful of dress codes at cultural events, often calling for modest attire. Refrain from taking photos or videos without permission, as some performances may be considered sacred. Learn basic Hawaiian phrases, such as “Aloha” and “Mahalo,” to demonstrate respect and willingness to engage with the culture. Most importantly, listen and learn from Hawaiian cultural practitioners, allowing them to guide your understanding and appreciation of mele.
Real-World Examples
Imagine attending a kanikapila – a casual, informal gathering where musicians share their mele with friends and family. The atmosphere is relaxed, filled with laughter and the strumming of ukuleles. This is a genuine opportunity to experience the joy and community spirit that mele fosters. Or, consider visiting a heiau (ancient Hawaiian temple) and listening to a traditional oli performed by a cultural practitioner. The sounds resonate with the mana of the place, connecting you to the history and spiritual essence of Hawaii. These immersive experiences offer profound insights into the heart of Hawaiian culture, transcending the typical tourist experiences.
The Connection to Aloha
Mele is inextricably linked to the spirit of aloha. It’s a way of expressing love, compassion, and connection – to the ‘āina (land), to each other, and to the spiritual realm. Through mele, Hawaiians share their deeply held values and their unique worldview. It’s more than just entertainment; it’s a powerful force for cultural preservation and social cohesion. The spirit of aloha infuses every aspect of mele, creating a profound and moving experience for both performers and listeners.
FAQ Section:
What is the main purpose of mele?
The main purpose of mele is to preserve and transmit Hawaiian history, genealogy, mythology, and cultural values through chanted poetry, songs, and dances. It served as the primary form of record-keeping before written language.
What are some different types of mele?
Some different types of mele include: Mele Oli (chants without instruments), Mele Hula (songs accompanying hula dances), Mele Koʻihonua (genealogical chants), Mele Inoa (name chants), and Mele Maʻi (chants in honor of the reproductive system).
How can I respectfully experience mele?
You can respectfully experience mele by attending hula performances, visiting cultural centers, taking hula or Hawaiian language classes, listening to Hawaiian music, being respectful during performances, and learning about the cultural context of the mele.
What is the role of a kumu hula?
The kumu hula (hula teacher or master) is responsible for preserving and transmitting mele and hula. They are cultural guardians who ensure the accuracy and integrity of the traditions.
What is “kaona” and why is it important in mele?
Kaona refers to the hidden or layered meanings in mele. It is important because it adds depth and complexity to the mele, allowing for multiple interpretations and conveying complex ideas through metaphorical language and symbolism.
References List
- Barrère, Dorothy B. Hula: Historical Perspectives. Bishop Museum Press, 1980.
- Emerson, Nathaniel B. Unwritten Literature of Hawaii: The Sacred Songs of the Hula. Charles E. Tuttle Company, 1965.
- Kaeppler, Adrienne L. Hula Pahu: Hawaiian Drum Dances, Vol. 1: Haʻa and Hula Pahu: Sacred Movements. Bishop Museum Press, 1993.
Ready to connect with the soul of Hawaii? Immerse yourself in the world of mele! Seek out authentic performances, support local musicians, and learn about the rich cultural heritage embedded in every chant and song. Start your journey today towards understanding and appreciating the heartbeat of Hawaii.
