Lei making is more than just stringing flowers together in Hawaii; it’s a deeply rooted cultural practice. It’s a tangible expression of aloha, a symbol of love, respect, and connection, and a fragrant embodiment of the islands’ beauty. Making a lei involves not just skill but also understanding the history, significance, and proper etiquette surrounding this unique art form, transforming simple flowers into a powerful expression of Hawaiian culture.
The Rich History of Lei
The history of lei in Hawaii goes back long before Western contact. While stories vary as with any oral tradition, the earliest lei were crafted from natural materials found on the islands. The first lei weren’t made of flowers at all! Think shells, seeds, nuts, feathers, and even bone and hair. These early lei weren’t just decorative; they held deep spiritual meaning and were often used in religious ceremonies or to denote status within the community. They served as symbols of rank, prosperity, and connection to the gods.
The Polynesians brought the practice of lei making with them when they migrated to Hawaii. They introduced new materials and techniques, further enriching the tradition. They brought plants that were grown in home gardens and used often in lei making. The arrival of Westerners impacted the art of lei making. Flowers, particularly those we often associate with Hawaiian lei today like plumeria (melia) and orchids, were introduced and quickly incorporated into the craft. The sweet fragrance of these new blooms added another dimension to the lei, and their vibrant colors offered new aesthetic possibilities.
Over time, lei making evolved into a significant part of Hawaiian culture, used to mark special occasions like birthdays, graduations, weddings, and farewells. The giving of lei became an integral component of welcoming visitors, showing hospitality, and expressing aloha.
Deconstructing the Aloha: Understanding the Meaning
The act of giving a lei is deeply symbolic, carrying with it the spirit of aloha. Aloha, in its simplest translation, means love. But it encompasses far more than just romantic affection; it means compassion, kindness, grace, and a deep connection to the land and its people. When you give a lei, you’re not just giving a string of flowers; you’re sharing a piece of your heart.
The type of flower used in a lei can also hold significance. For example, the fragrant plumeria is often associated with new beginnings and is a popular choice for welcoming visitors. The delicate tuberose, with its intoxicating scent, is often used in lei for special occasions like weddings. The ‘ilima flower, delicate and golden, was once associated with royalty and is considered a symbol of elegance and grace.
It’s also important to understand the proper etiquette surrounding lei. Accepting a lei is a sign of respect and gratitude. It should be worn with pride, never discarded carelessly. When removing a lei, it’s customary to hang it with respect, perhaps on a statue, memorial, or in a place of honor. Some people even return lei to the earth, burying them to complete the circle of life.
Materials of the Gods: What You’ll Need
Making a lei is a simple yet satisfying process. You don’t need a lot of fancy equipment, just a few basic supplies and some fresh flowers or other natural materials.
- Flowers/Materials: This is the most important component! Fresh flowers are commonly used – plumeria, orchids, tuberose, pikake, and ‘ilima are popular choices. You can also use other natural materials like shells, kukui nuts, feathers, or even leaves. For a beginner, plumeria is a great start because they are readily available (depending if you live in the area) and easy to string.
- Lei Needle: This is a long needle with a large eye, specifically designed for stringing lei. You can find these at most craft stores or online retailers specializing in Hawaiian crafts. A good lei needle will cost between $5-$15.
- Lei String/Thread: Strong, flexible string is essential. Dental floss, waxed nylon thread, or even fishing line can be used. The type of string you choose will depend on the weight and texture of your materials. For plumeria, dental floss works great. A spool of suitable string typically costs under $5.
- Scissors: Sharp scissors are handy for trimming stems and cutting the string.
- Optional: Ribbon: Ribbon is sometimes added to the ends of a lei for decoration or to secure the closure.
A Hands-On Guide: Making Your First Lei
Here is a step-by-step guide to making a simple flower lei using plumeria:
- Gather Your Supplies: Collect your plumeria flowers, lei needle, string, and scissors. Choose flowers that are freshly picked and free from blemishes.
- Prepare the Flowers: Gently clean the flowers and remove any excess leaves or stems.
- Thread the Needle: Cut a length of string about twice the desired length of your lei. Thread the needle with the string and tie a knot at the end, leaving a tail of about 4-6 inches.
- String the Flowers: Hold the flower in your non-dominant hand and gently pierce the center of the flower with the lei needle. Slide the flower down the string, being careful not to crush it. Repeat this process, stringing each flower close to the previous one.
- Create the Lei: Continue stringing flowers until the lei reaches your desired length. Remember to gently push the flowers together to create a full and even look.
- Tie it Off: Remove the needle and tie the two ends of the string together securely, creating a circular lei. You can add a ribbon to the closure point for decoration.
- Admire Your Creation: Congratulations! You’ve just made your first lei. Wear it with pride and spread the aloha.
Pro-Tip: To keep your lei fresh, spritz it with water and store it in a plastic bag in the refrigerator. A properly stored lei can last for several days.
Beyond Flowers: Exploring Different Types of Lei
While flower lei are the most common, there are many other types of lei that you can make using different materials and techniques. Here are a few examples:
- Shell Lei: These lei are made by stringing together shells, often found on Hawaiian beaches. Shell lei are durable and long-lasting, making them a popular souvenir. The value will obviously depend on the shell and labour that goes into making them.
- Kukui Nut Lei: Kukui nuts are a traditional Hawaiian material, often used in lei making. The nuts are roasted and polished to a beautiful shine before being strung together. They are then strung together with a needle and floss like regular flower lei. A good quality kukui nut lei can retail for between $20-$40 dollars, depending on the materials and craftsmanship.
- Feather Lei: Feather lei are elaborate and highly prized, often made from the feathers of native Hawaiian birds. These lei are time-consuming to create, requiring skill and patience, and can be extremely valuable. Because of the specialized skills and materials needed, feather lei are a good option to purchase from a local craftsperson familiar with the art.
- Hui Lei: A Hui lei involves taking foliage and wrapping it around to create a type of lei. It is like a crown and can include flowers, ferns and leaves.
Lei Making Workshops: Learning from the Experts
If you’re interested in learning more about lei making, consider taking a workshop from a local expert. Many cultural centers, community organizations, and flower shops in Hawaii offer lei making classes for visitors and residents alike. These workshops provide hands-on instruction and insights into the history and significance of lei making. You’ll also be supporting local artisans.
For example, many hotels offer lei making classes as part of their activities. The Ala Moana Hotel offers classes. Check your hotel’s activities schedule to see if they offer lei making classes. Private lessons with experienced lei makers can cost anywhere from $50 to $150 per person, depending on the duration and materials included. Many classes will include the flowers and all necessary supplies. Group classes are more affordable. Always book in advance as spots can fill up quickly, especially during peak tourist season.
Cultural Sensitivity: Respecting the Tradition
When participating in lei making or receiving a lei, it’s important to be mindful of the cultural significance and etiquette. Avoid discarding lei carelessly or treating them disrespectfully. When giving a lei, do so with sincerity and aloha. Do not place a lei on yourself; it is always offered by someone else, but you can definitely make one for yourself.
It’s also important to be respectful of the materials used in lei making. Avoid picking flowers or shells from protected areas or disturbing natural habitats. When purchasing lei, support local businesses and artisans who practice sustainable and ethical harvesting methods.
Where to Find Lei Materials and Supplies
Finding the right materials is key to creating beautiful lei. Here are some places in Hawaii where you can source flowers, shells, and other supplies:
- Flower Markets: Honolulu has several flower markets that offer a wide variety of fresh flowers at reasonable prices. Check out the Honolulu Flower Market .
- Craft Stores: Stores like Ben Franklin Crafts (several locations throughout Hawaii) carry lei needles, string, and other craft supplies.
- Local Farmers Markets: Farmers markets are a great place to find locally grown flowers and other natural materials.
- Online Retailers: Websites such as Amazon sometimes have lei-making specific materials available if you don’t live in Hawaii, but it is always best to source locally whenever possible. It makes the lei that much more special!
The Cost of Lei Making: An Investment in Aloha
The cost of lei making can vary depending on the materials you use and whether you’re taking a workshop or making lei on your own. Fresh flowers can range from a few dollars per bunch to upwards of $20 or more, depending on the type and availability. Lei needles and string are relatively inexpensive, costing just a few dollars each.
Taking a lei making workshop can be a worthwhile investment, as you’ll receive hands-on instruction and learn about the cultural significance of lei. The cost of a workshop typically ranges from $30 to $100 per person, depending on the duration and materials included.
Ultimately, the cost of lei making is an investment in aloha. By creating or purchasing lei, you’re supporting local businesses, preserving cultural traditions, and sharing the spirit of the islands with others.
Preserving Your Lei: Keeping the Aloha Alive
You’ve got your beautiful lei – now, how do you keep it looking its best? Here are some tips for preserving your lei:
- Refrigeration: Spritz your lei with water and place it in a plastic bag or container in the refrigerator. This will help to keep the flowers fresh and prevent them from wilting.
- Freezing: For long-term storage, you can freeze your lei. Place it in a freezer-safe bag or container and freeze it flat. When you’re ready to use it, thaw it slowly in the refrigerator.
- Drying: Some types of lei, like those made from kukui nuts or shells, can be dried. Simply hang the lei in a cool, dry place until the flowers or materials are completely dry.
Remember that even with proper care, fresh flower lei will eventually fade. When your lei is no longer wearable, consider returning it to the earth by burying it in your garden or composting it. This is a way of honoring the natural materials and completing the circle of life.
The Fragrance of Aloha: The Sensory Experience
Beyond the visual beauty and symbolic meaning, the fragrance of a lei is an integral part of the experience. The sweet, intoxicating scent of plumeria, tuberose, or pikake can evoke memories of tropical breezes, sunny beaches, and the warmth of Hawaiian hospitality. The scent truly embodies the aloha spirit.
The fragrance of a lei can also have a therapeutic effect, calming the mind and uplifting the spirit. The aroma of flowers has been shown to reduce stress and promote relaxation. This is why lei are often given to people who are feeling down or need a little boost.
When choosing flowers for your lei, consider the fragrance as well as the appearance. Some flowers have a stronger scent than others. Experiment with different combinations to create a lei that appeals to your senses.
Lei and the Hula: A Harmonious Connection
Lei and hula dance are intrinsically linked in Hawaiian culture. During hula performances, dancers often wear lei to enhance their movements and storytelling. The lei become an extension of the dancer, adding grace and beauty to the performance.
The types of lei worn during hula can vary depending on the style of dance and the message being conveyed. For example, a hula dancer might wear a lei made from maile leaves during a traditional chant, while a lei made from colorful flowers might be used to depict a love story.
The creation and giving of lei for hula dancers is a special honor, signifying respect and support for their artistry. These lei are often crafted with great care and attention to detail, reflecting the importance of the dance to Hawaiian culture.
Lei Giving Etiquette: A Guide to Proper Protocol
Giving a lei in Hawaii is a gesture of aloha, respect, and affection. To ensure you’re following proper etiquette, here are a few guidelines:
- Offer the Lei with Sincerity: Present the lei with a warm smile and genuine aloha. Make eye contact with the recipient and express your appreciation or affection.
- Don’t Place the Lei on Yourself: Lei are always given by someone else. It’s considered impolite to place a lei on yourself.
- Accept the Lei with Gratitude: Accept the lei with both hands and a warm “Mahalo” (thank you). Show your appreciation for the gesture.
- Wear the Lei with Pride: Wear the lei with pride and respect. Avoid discarding it carelessly or treating it disrespectfully.
- Handle with Reverence: Do not remove the lei in front of the person who gave it to you as this is seen as disrespectful.
By following these simple guidelines, you can ensure that your lei giving is a meaningful and respectful expression of aloha.
The Future of Lei Making: Preserving a Legacy
The art of lei making is a living tradition that continues to evolve and adapt to modern times. Today, lei makers are exploring new materials, techniques, and designs while staying true to the cultural roots of the practice.
There is a growing recognition of the importance of preserving lei making for future generations. Cultural organizations and community groups are actively involved in teaching lei making skills to young people, ensuring that the tradition remains vibrant and relevant.
By supporting local lei makers, participating in lei making workshops, and sharing the stories and traditions surrounding lei, you can help to preserve this important part of Hawaiian culture for years to come.
FAQ Section
Here are some frequently asked questions about lei making:
What is the best flower to use for making a lei?
Plumeria, orchids, tuberose, pikake, and ‘ilima are all popular choices for lei making. The best flower to use depends on your personal preference and the occasion. Plumeria is generally considered being one of the easiest and most accessible.
How long does a fresh flower lei last?
A fresh flower lei can last for several days if stored properly in the refrigerator. Spritzing it with water and placing it in a plastic bag or container will help to keep the flowers fresh.
Can I make a lei from dried flowers?
Yes, you can make a lei from dried flowers. Dried flower lei are more durable and long-lasting than fresh flower lei. Make sure the dried flowers are not brittle. Handle it gently.
Is it okay to give a lei to someone who is not Hawaiian?
Absolutely! Giving a lei is a gesture of aloha and can be given to anyone, regardless of their ethnicity or background. It’s a welcoming gesture and a symbol of hospitality.
Where can I learn how to make a lei in Hawaii?
Many cultural centers, community organizations, and flower shops in Hawaii offer lei making classes. Check with hotels and local visitor centers for information on workshops and classes.
Is it disrespectful to throw away a lei?
It is considered disrespectful to throw away a lei carelessly. It’s best to return it to the earth by burying it in your garden or composting it.
What is the significance of wearing a lei?
Wearing a lei is a symbol of aloha, respect, and affection. It’s a way of honoring the recipient and the cultural traditions of Hawaii.
References
Kanahele, G. (1986). Ku Kanaka – Stand Tall: A Search for Hawaiian Values. University of Hawaii Press.
Pukui, M. K., Elbert, S. H., & Mookini, E. T. (1974). Place Names of Hawaii. University of Hawaii Press.
Rose, R. G. (1980). Hawaiian Shells. Bishop Museum Press.
Ready to embrace the art of lei making? Whether you’re planning a trip to Hawaii or looking to bring the aloha spirit into your own home, learning to make a lei is a rewarding and enriching experience. Seek out a local class, gather your supplies, and start weaving your own piece of Hawaiian history. The fragrance of plumeria and the joy of creation await. Go ahead, make your first lei and share the aloha!
