Hawaiʻi, the Hawaiian language, faced near extinction. After being suppressed for generations, especially through the 1896 law that mandated English as the language of instruction in schools, the language plummeted. But today, a powerful revival is underway, driven by dedicated individuals, families, educators, and community initiatives determined to restore ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi to its rightful place in Hawaiian culture. This isn’t just about preserving words; it’s about holding onto the very essence of what it means to be Hawaiian.
The Steep Decline of ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi
Let’s rewind a bit. For centuries, ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi was the lifeblood of Hawaiian society. It carried the stories, the history, the knowledge of the land, and the intricate social connections that defined the culture. Then came Western contact, and with it, the gradual erosion of traditional practices. The biggest blow came with the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom and the subsequent suppression of the language in schools. Imagine being told you couldn’t speak your native tongue in the classroom – that’s what happened, and the impact was devastating. By the mid-20th century, the number of native speakers had dwindled to a dangerously low level. Some sources indicate fewer than 2,000 native speakers remained, most of whom were elderly.
The Spark of Revival: Pūnana Leo and the ‘Aha Pūnana Leo Movement
The tide began to turn in the 1980s, thanks to the visionary efforts of a group of educators and families. They understood that the key to language revitalization lay in early childhood immersion. This led to the creation of the Pūnana Leo (“language nest”) preschools, where the entire curriculum is taught exclusively in ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi. The ‘Aha Pūnana Leo movement, spearheaded by Kauanoe Kamanā and Pila Wilson, became a model for indigenous language revitalization efforts around the globe.
What makes Pūnana Leo so effective? It’s about creating an environment where children are surrounded by the language, absorbing it naturally as they play, sing, and learn. The teachers are native speakers, passionate about passing on their knowledge and love for the language. Think of it as rebuilding the foundation of the language from the ground up, one child at a time. There are now multiple Pūnana Leo schools throughout the Hawaiian Islands. To learn more about their locations and programs, visit the ‘Aha Pūnana Leo website.
But it’s not just about preschool. The success of Pūnana Leo paved the way for Hawaiian language immersion programs at the elementary, middle, and high school levels. These schools, collectively known as Kula Kaiapuni, provide a continuous educational pathway for students to become fluent speakers of ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi while also meeting state academic standards.
Kula Kaiapuni: Immersion Education from Keiki to High School
Kula Kaiapuni is more than just language classes; it’s a complete educational system. The curriculum is designed to integrate Hawaiian culture, history, and values into every subject. Students learn about their ancestors, their land, and their traditions, all through the lens of ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi. This approach fosters a deep sense of identity and pride, empowering students to become cultural ambassadors for their language and heritage.
The State of Hawaiʻi Department of Education supports the Kula Kaiapuni system. You can find a list of Hawaiian language immersion schools in your area by visiting the Hawai’i Department of Education website and searching for “Kula Kaiapuni” or “Hawaiian language immersion schools.” Due to high demand for enrollment, it is important to check on the application deadlines for the year of enrollment you seek; some schools have deadlines in the spring of the prior year.
Beyond the Classroom: Community Initiatives and Resources
The revival of ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi extends far beyond the walls of the classroom. Community organizations and individuals are working tirelessly to create opportunities for people of all ages to learn and use the language in their daily lives. Here are just a few examples:
Hawaiian Language Newspapers and Magazines: Publications like Ka Wai Ola and other independent publications preserve and promote using the language.
Radio Stations: Radio stations that broadcast programs in ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi, such as Kāleo Hawaiʻi, help to bring the language into homes and communities.
Online Resources: Numerous websites and apps offer language lessons, dictionaries, and other tools for learners of all levels. Check out websites such as Ulukau the Hawaiian Electronic Library (https://ulukau.org/) and Wehewehe Wiki Wiki (https://wehewehe.org/).
Community Classes and Workshops: Many community centers and cultural organizations offer Hawaiian language classes, workshops, and conversational groups.
Family Language Nests: Some families are creating their own “language nests” at home, speaking only ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi with their children.
The Role of Technology: Apps, Websites, and Online Dictionaries
Technology plays a significant role in making ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi more accessible to learners worldwide. Several apps are available for both iOS and Android devices that provide lessons, vocabulary quizzes, and pronunciation guides, such as the Hawaiian Dictionary app. There are also online dictionaries like the Mary Kawena Pukui and Samuel Elbert Hawaiian Dictionary, available on Ulukau.org, a valuable resource for looking up words and phrases. Websites such as Duolingo also offer Hawaiian language courses to the general public. These resources are excellent for anyone who wants to start learning on their own, supplement their classroom learning, or simply practice their skills.
The Importance of Pronunciation: Speaking Like a Local
One of the most intimidating aspects of learning a new language is pronunciation. ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi has a relatively simple sound system, but mastering the pronunciation is essential for clear communication and cultural respect. Here are a few tips:
- Remember that the vowels are pronounced differently than in English. A helpful guide is to know they are pronounced: a-“ah”, e-“eh”, i-“ee”, o-“oh”, u-“oo.”
- Understand the differences between the glottal stop (ʻokina) and the macron (kahakō), and how they change the meaning of words. The ʻokina separates vowels and creates a slight pause, while the kahakō lengthens the vowel sound.
Listen to native speakers and try to imitate their pronunciation. Numerous online resources, including YouTube videos and audio recordings, can help you with this. Practice speaking aloud, even if you feel self-conscious at first. The more you practice, the more confident you’ll become.
Incorporating ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi into Daily Life: Simple Steps You Can Take
You don’t have to be fluent to incorporate ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi into your daily life. Even learning a few simple phrases can make a difference. Here are some ideas:
Start by learning common greetings like “Aloha” (hello, goodbye, love), “Mahalo” (thank you), and “E komo mai” (welcome).
Learn the Hawaiian names of places you visit, such as “Waikīkī” (spouting waters) or “Haleakalā” (house of the sun).
Use Hawaiian words in your conversations, even if it’s just a few here and there. For example, instead of saying “thank you very much,” say “Mahalo nui loa.”
Listen to Hawaiian music and try to sing along. This is a fun way to learn new vocabulary and improve your pronunciation.
Support businesses and organizations with the use of ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi in its name or operations.
Learn the Hawaiian names for your family members. For example, kane for husband, wahine for wife, keiki for child, kupuna for grandparent.
The Economic Impact of Language Revitalization
While the primary motivation for language revitalization is cultural preservation, there are also significant economic benefits. A vibrant Hawaiian language and culture can attract tourists interested in authentic experiences, create jobs in the language education and cultural tourism sectors, and foster a sense of community pride that can lead to greater economic development. Furthermore, studies have shown that multilingualism can enhance cognitive abilities and improve academic performance.
Challenges and Future Directions
Despite the remarkable progress made in recent decades, the revitalization of ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi still faces significant challenges. One of the biggest is the shortage of qualified teachers and resources. There is a need for more funding to support language immersion programs, teacher training, and the development of high-quality educational materials.
Another challenge is the continued dominance of English in many aspects of Hawaiian society, including government, business, and media. To truly revitalize ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi, it needs to be used more widely in these domains. This requires a concerted effort to promote the use of the language in all areas of life.
Looking ahead, there is a growing recognition that language revitalization is not just a Hawaiian issue, but a global one. Indigenous languages around the world are facing similar threats, and the lessons learned from the Hawaiian experience can be valuable for other communities working to preserve their linguistic heritage.
The Moananuiākea Declaration: A Call to Action
The Moananuiākea Declaration, a declaration that originated from a symposium on Hawaiian epistemology, underscores the importance of the Hawaiian language to the life of the Nation. The declaration affirmed the importance of ancestral knowledge and the need to ensure that the heritage of Hawaiʻi is preserved and perpetuated for future generations.
The Legal Framework: Hawai’i State Constitution and Laws
The Hawai’i State Constitution formally recognizes both Hawaiian and English as official languages of the state. This acknowledgment serves as the foundation of the legal framework that supports the recognition, preservation, and revitalization of ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi. The Article XV, Section 4 mandates the state to promote the understanding and usage of Hawaiian, reinforcing its significance not only culturally but also legally. Along with the constitution, several laws have been enacted at varying times that seek to promote Hawaiian language education and protect the rights of native speakers. These laws include requiring Hawaiian language education in schools, ensuring that government documents and public communications can be provided in Hawaiian, and supporting Hawaiian language media.
The Cultural Significance: Language as Identity
The Hawaiian language is more than just a means of communication; it is deeply intertwined with Hawaiian identity and culture. The language embodies the values, beliefs, and traditions of the Hawaiian people. Through language, one can embrace the wisdom of the ancestors, which serves to perpetuate Hawaiian epistemology—the unique Hawaiian way of understanding the world. This epistemology links individuals to the land, the sea, and the natural world that defines their worldview.
Cost of Learning ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi
The cost of learning Hawaiian varies greatly depending on the method chosen. Many resources are free or low-cost, such as online dictionaries, language exchange partners, and community events. Formal language classes, whether in-person or online, can range from $50 to several hundred dollars per course. University-level courses are often more expensive, but they may offer college credit. Immersion programs, such as those offered by ʻAha Pūnana Leo, can have significant costs involved through tuition but offer the most comprehensive learning experience.
One of the easiest and most accessible ways to start learning Hawaiian is to visit local community centers or cultural organizations. Many of these places host free or low-cost language classes. For example, the Honolulu Department of Parks and Recreation often conducts community classes on various subjects, including basic Hawaiian language. Additionally, attending cultural events and festivals, where Hawaiian is spoken, provides opportunities for immersion and conversation.
FAQ Section:
What is the best way to learn ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi?
The best way to learn ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi depends on your individual learning style, goals, and resources. Immersion programs are the most effective for achieving fluency, but they require a significant time commitment. Online courses, apps, and textbooks can be great for beginners or for those who want to learn at their own pace. Community classes and language exchange partners can provide valuable opportunities for practice and cultural immersion. The most important thing is to find a method that you enjoy and that motivates you to keep learning.
Is it difficult to learn ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi?
Like any language, ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi presents its own challenges, but it is generally considered to be a relatively easy language for English speakers to learn, especially in the beginning. The pronunciation is fairly straightforward, with only a few sounds that are not found in English, and the grammar is relatively simple. However, mastering the nuances of the language and achieving fluency can take time and effort.
Where can I find resources for learning ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi?
There are many resources available for learning ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi, both online and offline. Some of the most popular resources include:
- Ulukau: The Hawaiian Electronic Library (https://ulukau.org/)
- Wehewehe Wiki Wiki Hawaiian Dictionary (https://wehewehe.org/)
- ʻAha Pūnana Leo (https://ahapunanaleo.org/)
- Duolingo course on Hawaiian
How can I support the revitalization of ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi?
There are many ways to support the revitalization of ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi, even if you are not a fluent speaker. You can:
- Learn a few basic phrases and use them in your daily life.
- Support businesses and organizations that promote the use of ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi.
- Attend cultural events and activities that celebrate the language and culture.
- Advocate for policies that support language revitalization, such as increased funding for language immersion programs.
- Encourage your children to learn ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi.
- Share the beauty and importance of ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi with others.
How accessible are Hawaiian language resources outside of Hawai’i?
Thanks to the internet and dedicated educators, many Hawaiian language resources are available outside of Hawai’i. Websites like Ulukau and Wehewehe Wiki Wiki are accessible worldwide. Also, several universities and cultural centers offer Hawaiian language courses, either online or in person.
References
Hawaii State Constitution, Article XV, Section 4.
‘Aha Pūnana Leo website.
Ulukau: The Hawaiian Electronic Library.
Wehewehe Wiki Wiki Hawaiian Dictionary.
Hawaii Public Schools Website.
The revival of ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi is a testament to the power of community, the resilience of culture, and the enduring importance of language. It’s a story of hope, a story of reclaiming identity, and a story that continues to unfold. You can be a part of that story. Whether you learn a few simple phrases, support language revitalization efforts, or simply spread awareness about the importance of ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi, your contribution matters. E ola ka ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi! May the Hawaiian language live! Take a step today – explore one of the resources mentioned, listen to a Hawaiian song, or simply share this article with a friend. Together, we can help ensure that ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi continues to thrive for generations to come.
