The Hawaiian language, ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi, faced near extinction, but is now experiencing a powerful revitalization due to the dedication of educators, families, and communities. From being outlawed in schools to now flourishing in immersion programs, the journey to preserve this vital part of Hawaiian culture is a testament to the resilience and determination of the Hawaiian people.
The Suppression of ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi
To truly understand the revitalization efforts, it’s crucial to acknowledge the history of suppression. Following the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom in 1893 and the subsequent annexation by the United States, English became the dominant language in government, business, and, most significantly, education. In 1896, a law was passed mandating that English be the medium of instruction in all schools. This effectively banned the use of ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi in classrooms, leading to a rapid decline in the number of native speakers. Imagine being a child punished for speaking your native tongue – that was the reality for many generations of Hawaiians.
The impact of this language ban was devastating. Parents, believing that English proficiency was the key to success in the Americanized economy, often discouraged their children from speaking Hawaiian at home. This created a disconnect between generations and contributed to the erosion of cultural identity. By the mid-20th century, the Hawaiian language was on the brink of disappearing, with only a small number of elderly native speakers remaining, primarily on the island of Niʻihau, where Hawaiian remained the primary language of the community.
The Spark of Revitalization
The 1970s marked a turning point. A growing awareness of cultural loss and a resurgence of Hawaiian pride ignited a movement to reclaim ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi. This movement was fueled by activists, educators, and community members who recognized the profound connection between language and cultural identity. They understood that losing the language meant losing a vital part of what it meant to be Hawaiian.
One of the key catalysts for the revitalization was the emergence of Hawaiian language immersion schools, known as Kula Kaiapuni Hawaiʻi. These schools, inspired by successful language immersion programs in other parts of the world, provided a learning environment where all subjects were taught entirely in Hawaiian. The first Kula Kaiapuni, Ke Kula ʻO Nāwahīokalaniʻōpuʻu, was established in 1987. The impact was immediate and profound. Children who attended these schools not only became fluent in Hawaiian but also developed a deep appreciation for their culture and heritage. Kula Kaiapuni are now a vital part of the educational landscape in Hawaiʻi, offering a path to fluency for students from preschool through high school. You can find a list of these schools on the Kamehameha Schools website, which plays a significant role in supporting Hawaiian education.
It’s important to note that getting your child into a Kula Kaiapuni can be competitive. Many schools have limited spaces and admission is often based on a lottery system or specific criteria. It’s best to research the schools in your area and contact them directly to learn about the application process. If your child isn’t accepted, don’t be discouraged! There are other ways to support their Hawaiian language learning journey, such as enrolling them in community-based language classes or incorporating Hawaiian language and culture into your home.
Community-Based Language Programs
Beyond formal schooling, numerous community-based language programs have sprung up across the islands. These programs cater to adults and children of all ages and offer a flexible and accessible way to learn ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi. Many are offered at little to no cost, making them accessible to the community.
One example is ‘Aha Pūnana Leo, a non-profit organization that operates preschools and language nests throughout Hawaiʻi. Their programs focus on creating a nurturing and immersive environment where young children can acquire Hawaiian language naturally. Another notable program is offered through the University of Hawaiʻi system, which provides Hawaiian language courses at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. These courses are not only for students but also for members of the community who are interested in learning the language. For example, Honolulu Community College offers non-credit Hawaiian language classes that are open to the public. Check their website for current offerings and enrollment information.
Don’t be shy about attending these classes, even if you don’t think you have much time. Even an hour a week can make a difference. You’ll meet other learners, practice speaking, and gain a deeper understanding of the language and culture. Consider joining a Hawaiian language conversation group or attending local cultural events where Hawaiian is spoken. These informal settings provide opportunities to practice your language skills and connect with the community.
Technology and the Hawaiian Language
In the digital age, technology is playing an increasingly important role in the revitalization of ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi. Online dictionaries, language learning apps, and social media platforms are making it easier than ever to access and learn the language. Several Hawaiian language dictionaries and resources are available online, such as the Hawaiian Electronic Library, which provides access to several searchable dictionaries and language resources.
Duolingo, the popular language learning app, now offers a Hawaiian language course, making it accessible to millions of users worldwide. This is a significant step forward in raising awareness of the language and providing a fun and engaging way to learn basic vocabulary and grammar. Furthermore, social media platforms like Instagram and Facebook have become important spaces for sharing Hawaiian language content and connecting with other speakers. Many Hawaiian language activists and educators use these platforms to promote the language and share resources.
If you’re serious about learning, make use of these tools. Set aside time each day to practice your language skills using online resources or language learning apps. Follow Hawaiian language accounts on social media to expose yourself to the language and culture. You can also use online dictionaries and translation tools to look up words and phrases that you encounter in your daily life.
The Importance of Family Involvement
The revitalization of ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi is not just the responsibility of schools and community organizations; it starts at home. Parents and families play a crucial role in creating a language-rich environment where children can learn and use Hawaiian naturally. This can involve incorporating Hawaiian language into daily routines, reading Hawaiian language books, singing Hawaiian songs, and simply speaking Hawaiian as much as possible.
Even if you’re not a fluent speaker, you can still contribute to your child’s language learning journey. Start by learning a few basic words and phrases, such as greetings (Aloha, Aloha kakahiaka), expressions of gratitude (Mahalo), and simple commands (Noho, Kū). Use these words and phrases in your daily interactions with your child. Read Hawaiian language books together, even if you don’t understand everything. Sing Hawaiian songs and listen to Hawaiian music. These activities not only expose your child to the language but also create a positive and enjoyable learning experience.
If you are a fluent speaker, make a conscious effort to speak Hawaiian at home as much as possible. Create opportunities for your child to interact with other Hawaiian speakers, such as family members, friends, and community members. Attend Hawaiian cultural events and activities together. By creating a language-rich environment at home, you are giving your child a priceless gift – the ability to connect with their culture and heritage.
Challenges and the Future of ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi
Despite the remarkable progress made in recent decades, the revitalization of ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi still faces significant challenges. One of the biggest challenges is the shortage of fluent speakers, teachers, and resources. While the number of Hawaiian speakers has increased in recent years, it is still a relatively small percentage of the overall population. This means that there is a limited pool of individuals who can teach the language and create Hawaiian language materials.
Another challenge is the dominance of English in modern society. English is the language of business, government, and media in Hawaiʻi, making it difficult for Hawaiian to compete. Many people still believe that English proficiency is essential for success, which can discourage them from learning Hawaiian. To address these challenges, it is crucial to continue investing in Hawaiian language education and creating more opportunities for people to use the language in their daily lives.
The future of ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi depends on the commitment and dedication of individuals, families, and communities. By working together, we can ensure that this precious language continues to thrive for generations to come. This includes supporting Hawaiian language schools and programs, promoting the use of Hawaiian in everyday life, and advocating for policies that support the language and culture.
Protecting the Treasures of Hawaiian Culture
The Hawaiian language is inextricably linked to its culture. It is through language that traditional knowledge, values, and practices are transmitted from one generation to the next. The stories, songs, and chants of Hawaiʻi are all deeply rooted in the language, and losing the language would mean losing access to these cultural treasures.
For example, the traditional art of hula is not just a dance; it is a form of storytelling that is deeply connected to the Hawaiian language. The movements, gestures, and chants of hula convey complex narratives about Hawaiian history, mythology, and values. Similarly, the traditional practice of wayfinding, which relies on a deep understanding of the stars, ocean currents, and weather patterns, is also closely tied to the Hawaiian language. The knowledge and skills required for wayfinding are encoded in the language, and losing the language would mean losing this invaluable cultural heritage.
By preserving and revitalizing the Hawaiian language, we are also preserving and revitalizing Hawaiian culture. We are ensuring that future generations have access to the knowledge, values, and practices that have shaped Hawaiian identity for centuries. It’s more than just words; it’s a connection to ancestors, land, and a way of life that deserves to be cherished.
Learning Basic Hawaiian: A Practical Start
Want to start learning some basic Hawaiian right now? Here are a few essential phrases to get you started:
- Aloha: Hello, goodbye, love
- Mahalo: Thank you
- ʻAe: Yes
- ʻAʻole: No
- ʻO wai kou inoa?: What is your name?
- ʻO koʻu inoa.: My name is .
- Pehea ʻoe?: How are you?
- Maikaʻi au.: I am fine.
- Aloha kakahiaka: Good morning
- Aloha awakea: Good noon
- Aloha ʻauinalā: Good afternoon
- Aloha ahiahi: Good evening
Practice these phrases daily and try incorporating them into your conversations. Even a small effort can make a big difference. Think about greeting your friends and family with “Aloha” instead of “Hello,” or expressing your gratitude with “Mahalo” instead of “Thank you.” As you become more comfortable with these basic phrases, you can gradually expand your vocabulary and grammar.
Consider learning a few place names on the island you are on or a visiting. Knowing the proper pronunciation and meaning can add depth to your experience and show respect for the native culture. For instance, Honolulu means “sheltered bay” or “calm port,” while Waikiki means “spouting water.” These names offer a glimpse into the history and geography of the islands.
The Cost of Learning Hawaiian
The cost of learning Hawaiian can vary depending on the method you choose. Many resources are free or low-cost, making it accessible to a wide range of learners.
- Free Resources: Online dictionaries like Wehewehe.org, language learning apps like Duolingo, and community-based language groups often offer free learning materials and opportunities.
- Community Classes: Some community centers and organizations offer low-cost Hawaiian language classes. These classes may have a small registration fee or require a donation.
- University Courses: Hawaiian language courses at the University of Hawaiʻi system typically cost the standard tuition rate for college courses. However, scholarships and financial aid may be available.
- Immersion Schools: Kula Kaiapuni Hawaiʻi are public schools and therefore do not charge tuition. However, there may be costs associated with uniforms, supplies, and extracurricular activities.
- Private Tutors: Hiring a private tutor can be an effective way to learn Hawaiian, but it can also be the most expensive option. The cost of private tutoring can vary depending on the tutor’s experience and qualifications.
Be mindful that the most important investment is your time and dedication. With consistent effort and a willingness to learn, you can make significant progress in your Hawaiian language journey, regardless of your budget.
Ethical Considerations When Learning and Using ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi
As a learner or user of ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi, it’s incredibly important to approach the language with respect and cultural sensitivity. This isn’t just another language to pick up; it represents a rich cultural heritage and a history marked by suppression. Here are a few ethical guidelines to keep in mind:
- Respect for Pronunciation: Hawaiian pronunciation can be tricky for newcomers, with glottal stops (‘okina) and elongated vowels (kahakō) significantly changing word meanings. Make it a point to learn and practice proper pronunciation.
- Understanding Cultural Context: Learn about the cultural significance of words and phrases. For example, certain chants or stories should only be shared under specific conditions or with the proper permissions.
- Acknowledging Expertise: If you’re not a native speaker, always acknowledge the expertise of those who are. Avoid correcting native speakers unless explicitly asked for help.
- Avoiding Appropriation: Be cautious about using Hawaiian language or cultural practices for commercial gain without proper authorization or respect.
- Supporting Hawaiian Language Initiatives: Actively support organizations and programs dedicated to the revitalization of ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi. Your support can help ensure the language continues to thrive.
- Being Mindful of Your Audience: In mixed company, consider the fluency levels of those around you. Don’t exclude others by speaking only in Hawaiian if they don’t understand.
By adhering to these guidelines, you show respect for the language, its speakers, and the culture it represents. Remember, learning and using ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi is a privilege, and it comes with a responsibility to honor its cultural significance.
Finding Your Place in the Revival: Actionable Steps
So, you’re inspired and want to get involved. Great! Here are some actionable steps you can take:
- Start Learning: Begin with the basics – learn greetings, simple phrases, and proper pronunciation. Resources like Duolingo, Wehewehe.org, and community classes are great starting points.
- Support Hawaiian Language Media: Listen to Hawaiian language radio stations, watch Hawaiian language TV shows, and follow Hawaiian language content creators on social media.
- Attend Cultural Events: Immerse yourself in Hawaiian culture by attending events like hula performances, lei-making workshops, and Hawaiian music concerts.
- Support Hawaiian-Owned Businesses: Patronize businesses that support the Hawaiian language and culture. Look for businesses that use Hawaiian in their branding or offer products and services that promote Hawaiian culture.
- Advocate for Hawaiian Language Education: Support policies and initiatives that promote Hawaiian language education in schools and communities.
- Volunteer Your Time: Volunteer with organizations that are working to revitalize the Hawaiian language. This could involve teaching Hawaiian language classes, creating Hawaiian language materials, or assisting with cultural events.
Remember, every effort counts, no matter how small. By taking action, you can contribute to the revitalization of ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi and help ensure that it continues to thrive for generations to come.
FAQ Section
Why is the Hawaiian language important?
The Hawaiian language is important because it is the key to understanding and preserving Hawaiian culture. It carries the history, values, and traditions of the Hawaiian people. It’s also about identity and connection to ancestors.
Is it difficult to learn Hawaiian?
Like any language, learning Hawaiian requires effort and dedication. However, it can be a rewarding experience. The language has a relatively simple grammar system, but pronunciation can be challenging for non-native speakers due to the presence of glottal stops and elongated vowels. With consistent practice and the right resources, anyone can learn Hawaiian.
Where can I find resources to learn Hawaiian?
There are many resources available to learn Hawaiian, including online dictionaries, language learning apps, community-based language programs, and university courses. Some popular resources include Wehewehe.org, Duolingo, ‘Aha Pūnana Leo, and the University of Hawaiʻi system. Also, reaching out to local cultural centers could provide valuable connections.
How can I support the revitalization of the Hawaiian language?
You can support the revitalization of the Hawaiian language by learning and using the language, supporting Hawaiian language media, attending cultural events, patronizing Hawaiian-owned businesses, advocating for Hawaiian language education, and volunteering your time with organizations that are working to revitalize the language. Even small actions, like using Hawaiian greetings or supporting local artisans, contribute to the cause.
Do I need to be Hawaiian to learn and use ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi?
No, anyone can learn and use ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi. It is important, however, to approach the language with respect and cultural sensitivity. Learn about the history and cultural significance of the language and be mindful of your pronunciation and usage.
What are the challenges facing the revitalization of ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi?
The challenges facing the revitalization of ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi include the shortage of fluent speakers, teachers, and resources, as well as the dominance of English in modern society. To address these challenges, it is crucial to continue investing in Hawaiian language education and creating more opportunities for people to use the language in their daily lives.
How can I incorporate Hawaiian language into my daily life?
There are many ways to incorporate Hawaiian language into your daily life. You can start by learning a few basic words and phrases and using them in your conversations. You can also read Hawaiian language books, sing Hawaiian songs, and listen to Hawaiian music. Consider labeling items in your home with their Hawaiian names or using Hawaiian in your social media posts. Even small efforts can make a big difference.
Are there any immersion programs for adults?
While Kula Kaiapuni are primarily for children, some organizations and universities offer immersion-style programs for adults. These programs typically involve intensive language instruction and cultural immersion activities. Contact the University of Hawaiʻi or local Hawaiian cultural centers for more information on adult immersion programs.
What about the pronunciation help available?
Many online dictionaries and language learning apps provide audio pronunciations of Hawaiian words and phrases. Additionally, you can find pronunciation guides and videos on YouTube and other online platforms. Some community-based language programs also offer pronunciation workshops and individual feedback.
How can I find Hawaiian language partners to practice with?
Join Hawaiian language conversation groups or attend local cultural events where Hawaiian is spoken. You can also connect with other learners online through social media platforms or language exchange websites. Look for opportunities to practice your language skills in real-life situations, such as ordering food in Hawaiian at a local restaurant or greeting people with “Aloha.”
Take Action Now
The journey to revitalize ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi is far from over, and your participation can make a real difference. Whether you’re a fluent speaker, a beginner, or simply someone who appreciates Hawaiian culture, there’s a role for you to play. Start learning a few basic phrases today, support Hawaiian language initiatives, and spread awareness about the importance of preserving this precious language. The future of ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi depends on the collective efforts of individuals, families, and communities. Don’t wait – join the movement today and help ensure that ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi continues to thrive for generations to come. E ola ka ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi! (May the Hawaiian language live!)
References
Wilson, W. H., & Kamanā, K. (2001). “Mai loko mai o ka ‘ī’ini: Proceeding from a dream” The revitalization of Hawaiian.. The Foundation Center.
Hinton, L. (2001). Language revitalization: An overview. Cambridge University Press.
‘Aha Punana Leo Website.
Kamehameha Schools Website.
Hawaiian Electronic Library (Wehewehe.org).
