Preserving Hawaiian culture in the 21st century is a multifaceted challenge, involving everything from language revitalization and land rights to cultural education and the perpetuation of traditional arts. It’s a constant balancing act: honoring the past while navigating the complexities of a modern world heavily influenced by tourism, development, and globalization.
The Hawaiian Language Renaissance: Ola ka ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi!
One of the most remarkable triumphs in the preservation of Hawaiian culture is the resurgence of the Hawaiian language, ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi. For nearly a century, the language was suppressed, especially in schools. However, starting in the 1970s, a concerted effort to revive the language began to take hold. The establishment of Hawaiian immersion schools (Kula Kaiapuni Hawaiʻi) was a pivotal moment. These schools, which teach all subjects through the medium of Hawaiian, have been instrumental in raising a new generation of native speakers. You can find these schools throughout the islands, from Kauaʻi to Hawaiʻi Island, offering a full curriculum from preschool through high school.
If you’re interested in learning Hawaiian, several resources are available. The University of Hawaiʻi system offers Hawaiian language courses at various levels. Online resources like Memrise and Duolingo (though still under development for Hawaiian) also provide introductory lessons. For a more immersive experience, consider attending a language immersion workshop or cultural event. Check out the ʻAha Pūnana Leo website for more information on immersion programs and resources. Remember that even learning a few basic phrases like “Aloha” (love, greetings), “Mahalo” (thank you), and “ʻO wai kou inoa?” (What’s your name?) can show respect and contribute to the language’s visibility.
Hula: More Than Just a Dance
Hula is far more than just a graceful dance; it’s a living embodiment of Hawaiian history, storytelling, and spirituality. Each movement, each gesture, and each chant (oli) carries a specific meaning, often related to legends, genealogy, or natural phenomena. Sadly, hula has sometimes been misrepresented and commercialized, particularly for tourist entertainment. To support authentic hula, seek out performances by reputable hālau hula (hula schools) that prioritize cultural integrity. Look for performances that feature traditional attire, chants, and music, and that emphasize the deeper meaning of the dance.
The Merrie Monarch Festival, held annually in Hilo on Hawaiʻi Island, is a premier hula competition and a celebration of Hawaiian culture. While attending in person requires planning months in advance, the festival is broadcast live and available online. Watching the Merrie Monarch can provide insight into the artistry, precision, and cultural significance of hula. Even if you can’t attend or watch the festival, consider taking a hula class from a reputable kumu hula (hula teacher). This is a great way to learn about the history and meaning behind the movements, and to support the perpetuation of this important cultural tradition. Many hālau offer classes for visitors, but it’s crucial to research the hālau and ensure they are committed to preserving the cultural significance of hula.
Land Rights and Sacred Sites: The Fight for Respect
The issue of land rights is deeply intertwined with the preservation of Hawaiian culture. For Native Hawaiians, land (ʻāina) is not just a commodity; it’s a sacred entity that provides sustenance, spiritual connection, and cultural identity. The history of land ownership in Hawaiʻi is complex and often fraught with injustices, stemming from Western contact and the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy. Many sacred sites (wahi pana) have been desecrated or destroyed due to development, tourism, and military activities. The ongoing struggle to protect Mauna Kea from telescope construction is a powerful example of this conflict. The cost of disregard runs far deeper than dollars and cents for Native Hawaiians.
Supporting Native Hawaiian land rights and the protection of sacred sites involves several actions. Educate yourself about the history of land ownership in Hawaiʻi and the ongoing struggles faced by Native Hawaiians. Support organizations that advocate for land rights and cultural preservation, such as the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA) or the Sovereign Council of Hawaiian Homestead Associations. Be mindful of your impact on the environment when visiting Hawaiʻi. Avoid trespassing on private or protected land, and respect the sacredness of natural sites. Learn about the cultural significance of the places you visit, and be aware of any protocols or restrictions that may be in place. Remember that your actions, no matter how small, can have a significant impact.
Traditional Arts and Crafts: Keeping the Skills Alive
Traditional Hawaiian arts and crafts, such as lei making, kapa (bark cloth) making, lauhala weaving, and wood carving, are integral to Hawaiian culture. These practices are not just about creating beautiful objects; they are about connecting with the land, honoring ancestral knowledge, and expressing cultural identity. Many of these skills are passed down through generations, but the increasing pressures of modern life and the commercialization of Hawaiian crafts can threaten their survival. Preserving these traditions requires active participation and support.
If you’re interested in learning a traditional Hawaiian craft, seek out workshops or classes offered by local artisans. Many cultural centers and community organizations provide opportunities to learn from skilled practitioners. Look for classes that emphasize the cultural significance of the craft, not just its technical aspects. For example, when learning lei making, learn about the different types of flowers and their symbolic meanings. When learning lauhala weaving, understand the connection between the hala tree and Hawaiian cosmology. Purchase authentic Hawaiian crafts directly from local artisans, rather than from mass-produced tourist shops. This ensures that your money supports the local economy and helps to sustain these valuable traditions. Plus, you’ll have a unique and meaningful souvenir to take home. When purchasing crafts, ask the artisan about their process and the materials they use. This shows your appreciation for their skill and helps to promote cultural understanding, and you’ll truly know what you have.
The Impact of Tourism: A Double-Edged Sword
Tourism is the economic lifeblood of Hawaiʻi, but it also presents a significant challenge to cultural preservation. While tourism can generate revenue that supports cultural programs and provides employment opportunities, it can also contribute to the commercialization and commodification of Hawaiian culture, leading to its distortion and degradation. Overtourism can strain resources, damage the environment, and displace local communities. Finding a balance between economic benefits and cultural preservation is crucial. It is indeed a double-edged sword.
Be a responsible and respectful tourist. Learn about Hawaiian culture and history before you visit, and be mindful of your impact on the environment and local communities. Support businesses that are committed to cultural preservation and sustainability. Choose locally owned restaurants and shops. Participate in cultural activities that are authentic and respectful, such as attending a luau that features traditional Hawaiian food and entertainment, or visiting a cultural center that showcases Hawaiian history and art. Avoid activities that are disrespectful or exploitative, such as visiting sacred sites without permission or participating in cultural practices without proper guidance. Advocate for sustainable tourism policies that prioritize cultural preservation and environmental protection. Support community-based tourism initiatives that empower local communities and promote cultural exchange. By being a conscious and responsible visitor, you can help to ensure that tourism benefits Hawaiʻi without compromising its cultural integrity.
Education and Awareness: Sharing the Knowledge
Education and awareness are essential for preserving Hawaiian culture. By educating future generations about Hawaiian history, language, traditions, and values, we can ensure that these cultural treasures are passed on for generations to come. Raising awareness among visitors and residents alike can promote respect, understanding, and appreciation for Hawaiian culture. It’s not just about remembering the past; it’s about shaping the future.
Support Hawaiian cultural education programs in schools and communities. Advocate for the inclusion of Hawaiian history and language in the curriculum. Encourage your children to learn about Hawaiian culture and traditions. Attend cultural events and workshops to learn more about Hawaiian history, language, and customs. Volunteer your time to support cultural organizations and initiatives. Share your knowledge with others and promote cultural awareness in your community. Read books, watch documentaries, and engage with online resources that provide accurate and informative content about Hawaiian culture. By becoming informed and engaged, you can play a vital role in preserving and perpetuating Hawaiian culture.
Challenges and Future Directions:
Several significant challenges still exist.
Continued development and tourism can strain resources and threaten sacred sites. The ongoing impacts of climate change, including sea level rise and increased storm intensity, pose a serious threat to coastal communities and cultural resources. Economic disparities and social inequalities continue to affect Native Hawaiians. Political and legal battles over land rights and sovereignty persist.
Navigating this complex landscape requires a multi-faceted approach. Continued language revitalization efforts are essential. Increased protection for sacred sites and cultural resources is needed. Sustainable tourism practices must be prioritized. Support for Native Hawaiian self-determination and sovereignty is crucial. Addressing these challenges requires collaboration, innovation, and a deep commitment to preserving the unique and irreplaceable cultural heritage of Hawaiʻi.
Navigating Sensitive Situations: Dos and Don’ts
When engaging with Hawaiian culture, there are important etiquette considerations to remember:
Do dress respectfully when visiting cultural sites. Avoid wearing swimwear or revealing clothing.
Do ask for permission before taking photos of people or sacred sites.
Do remove your shoes before entering someone’s home or a heiau (temple).
Do be mindful of your language and behavior. Avoid speaking loudly or disrespectfully.
Do support local businesses and artisans.
Don’t touch or climb on ancient ruins or cultural artifacts.
Don’t take anything from the land, including rocks, shells, or sand.
Don’t enter private property or sacred sites without permission.
Don’t participate in cultural practices without proper guidance or instruction.
Don’t perpetuate stereotypes or misinformation about Hawaiian culture.
Practical Example: Volunteering
One tangible way to contribute to cultural preservation is through volunteering. Several organizations welcome volunteers to assist with various projects, ranging from restoring taro patches (loʻi kalo) to cleaning up beaches and removing invasive species. These opportunities provide a chance to connect with the land, learn about traditional practices, and support local communities. Websites like VolunteerMatch often list opportunities throughout the islands. Before volunteering, research the organization and their mission to ensure they align with your values and commitment to cultural preservation. Remember to approach the experience with humility and a willingness to learn from local experts.
Cost-Effective Ways to Contribute to Hawaii’s Culture Preservation
Contributing to culture preservation doesn’t always require spending a lot of money. Many small actions can have a big impact:
Learn basic Hawaiian phrases: Free online resources like Duolingo or Memrise can help you learn common greetings and expressions.
Support local farmers markets: Buy locally grown produce and crafts, which helps support local farmers and artisans. Many farmers markets are available on the islands.
Attend free cultural events: Look for free hula performances, workshops, and community celebrations. Public libraries and community centers often host free events that celebrate Hawaiian culture.
Leave no trace: When exploring natural areas, pack out everything you pack in and avoid disturbing the environment.
Spread awareness: Share accurate information about Hawaiian culture and history with your friends and family.
Write to your representatives: Advocate for policies that support cultural preservation and environmental protection.
Donate your time: Volunteer at a local organization that is dedicated to preserving Hawaii’s culture.
Every small act of learning, respect, and support makes a difference.
FAQ Section
What is the best way to show respect for Hawaiian culture when visiting? Showing respect involves educating yourself about Hawaiian history and customs, being mindful of your impact on the environment, supporting local businesses, and avoiding behaviors that could be considered disrespectful or exploitative. When visiting historically or culturally significant sites, be sure to be quiet and orderly. Be sure to plan your route ahead of time, so you can remain calm and focused.
Where can I find authentic Hawaiian cultural experiences? Look for cultural centers, museums, and community organizations that offer authentic Hawaiian cultural experiences. Attend events that are organized by local communities and that prioritize cultural integrity.
How can I learn more about the Hawaiian language? Several resources are available, including online courses, language immersion programs, and community classes. Check out the University of Hawaiʻi system or ʻAha Pūnana Leo for more information.
What are some common misconceptions about Hawaiian culture? Common misconceptions include the idea that hula is just a tourist attraction, that all Hawaiians live in grass huts, or that Hawaiian culture is solely about beaches and luaus.
How can I support Native Hawaiian businesses and organizations? Look for businesses that are owned and operated by Native Hawaiians. Support organizations that advocate for Native Hawaiian rights and cultural preservation. The Council for Native Hawaiian Advancement is a good resource.
Where can I find reliable information about Hawaiian history and culture? Look for resources that are created by Native Hawaiian scholars, historians, and cultural practitioners. Avoid relying solely on tourist information or commercial sources.
References
Office of Hawaiian Affairs. https://www.oha.org/
ʻAha Pūnana Leo. https://www.ahapunanaleo.org/
Council for Native Hawaiian Advancement. https://www.cnhainc.org/
VolunteerMatch.
University of Hawaiʻi System.
Hawaiian culture is a vibrant tapestry woven with history, tradition, and the spirit of aloha. Preserving this cultural heritage requires a collective effort, one that involves education, respect, and active participation. Whether you’re a visitor or a resident, you can play a role in ensuring that Hawaiian culture continues to thrive for generations to come. Take the first step today: learn a new Hawaiian phrase, support a local artisan, or volunteer your time. Embrace the spirit of aloha and join us in safeguarding the cultural treasures of Hawaiʻi. Let’s all contribute to keep Aloha alive!
