‘Ohana First: The Importance of Family and Community in Hawaiian Society

In Hawaiian society, the concept of ‘Ohana is more than just family; it’s the very foundation upon which the culture thrives. It encompasses blood relatives, chosen family, and even the broader community, all bound together by a deep sense of responsibility, mutual respect, and unconditional love. This interconnectedness shapes every aspect of life in Hawai’i, from daily interactions to important decisions, highlighting the profound significance of ‘Ohana First.

Understanding the Depth of ‘Ohana

‘Ohana, in its simplest translation, means “family.” But in the heart of Hawaiian culture, it holds a much richer and more nuanced meaning. It signifies a collective unit where everyone is valued, supported, and expected to contribute. This connection goes beyond mere kinship; it represents a chosen bond of loyalty, shared experiences, and a commitment to collective well-being. You’ll often hear Hawaiians refer to close friends as ‘Ohana, reflecting the deep sense of connection that transcends blood ties.

Think of it like this: in many Western cultures, the focus often leans towards individual achievement and independence. In Hawai’i, while personal growth is still valued, it’s always understood within the context of the ‘Ohana. Your successes are their successes, and their struggles are your struggles. It’s a beautiful tapestry woven with shared experiences, unconditional support, and a deep-seated responsibility to care for one another. This is the essence of ‘Ohana First.

The Values that Define ‘Ohana

Several core values underpin the concept of ‘Ohana, guiding interactions and shaping community dynamics. These values aren’t just abstract concepts; they’re actively lived and practiced in everyday life.

• Aloha: This is perhaps the most well-known Hawaiian value, but it extends far beyond a simple greeting. Aloha embodies love, compassion, empathy, and a genuine connection to others. It’s about treating everyone with kindness and respect, recognizing the inherent worth in each individual. If you are planning a trip to Hawaii, be sure to review the current deals before you go!
• Lokahi: Harmony and balance are crucial in Hawaiian culture. Lokahi emphasizes the interconnectedness of all things—nature, people, and the spiritual realm. Striving for Lokahi within the ‘Ohana means fostering open communication, resolving conflicts peacefully, and maintaining a sense of equilibrium within the group.
• Kōkua: This value highlights the importance of helping others without expecting anything in return. Lending a hand to someone in need, whether a family member, friend, or even a stranger, is a fundamental aspect of ‘Ohana. It’s about actively participating in the well-being of the community.
• Malama: To care for and protect is the heart of Malama. This extends beyond just caring for people. It encomposes the environment, cultural traditions, and the legacy passed down through generations. Within the ‘Ohana, Malama means nurturing relationships, supporting individual growth, and preserving cultural heritage.
• Ho’ohanohano: Respect and honoring is a core element of the Hawaiian culture and ‘Ohana first. Showing respect for elders, ancestors, and traditions reinforces the bond between generations and ensures the continuity of cultural practices. It involves acknowledging the wisdom and experience of those who came before you and valuing their contributions.

Practical Manifestations of ‘Ohana First

The impact of ‘Ohana First can be seen in numerous facets of Hawaiian life, influencing how people interact, make decisions, and contribute to their communities.

Multi-Generational Living

It’s common in Hawai’i to find multiple generations living under one roof. Grandparents, parents, and children often share a home, creating a strong support system. This arrangement allows for the transmission of cultural knowledge, provides childcare assistance, and ensures that elders are cared for in their later years. For example, consider the Wong family. Grandma Lei lives with her daughter, son-in-law, and their two children. Grandma Lei helps with cooking and childcare, sharing her stories and teaching the children traditional Hawaiian songs and dances. This multi-generational living arrangement provides valuable support for everyone and maintains a strong connection to their heritage.

Cooperative Childcare

‘Ohana extends beyond immediate family members. Close friends and neighbors often participate in childcare, creating a network of support for parents. This collective responsibility for raising children fosters a strong sense of community and ensures that kids are surrounded by loving and caring adults. Think of it as a village raising a child. For instance, if a parent needs to work late, a neighbor or close friend might offer to pick up the children from school and care for them until the parent gets home. This informal childcare arrangement alleviates stress and builds strong relationships within the community.

Community Events and Gatherings

Lu’aus, potlucks, and other community events are integral to Hawaiian culture. These gatherings provide opportunities for ‘Ohana members to come together, share food, music, and stories, and reinforce their bonds. They also serve as important platforms for passing down cultural traditions to younger generations. For example, many communities host annual lu’aus to celebrate important milestones or honor ancestors. These events typically involve traditional Hawaiian food, music, hula performances, and storytelling, creating a vibrant atmosphere that strengthens community ties.

Financial Support Within the ‘Ohana

While finances are a delicate topic, within the ‘Ohana, there’s often an unspoken understanding of mutual financial support. If a family member is struggling, others will often pool their resources to help. This could involve lending money, providing housing, or offering assistance with expenses. This safety net demonstrates the deep commitment that ‘Ohana members have to one another’s well-being.

Decision-Making Processes

Major decisions, such as purchasing a home or making significant life changes, are often discussed and made collectively within the ‘Ohana. This ensures that everyone’s voice is heard and that decisions are made in the best interests of the entire group. This collaborative approach reflects the value of interdependence and the belief that collective wisdom is superior to individual judgment.

The Role of Elders (Kūpuna)

In Hawaiian society, elders, or kūpuna, hold a position of great respect and authority within the ‘Ohana. They are seen as keepers of knowledge, wisdom, and cultural traditions. Their role is to guide younger generations, share their experiences, and ensure the continuity of Hawaiian culture. Kūpuna are often involved in decision-making processes, providing valuable insights and perspectives based on their years of experience living in the Hawaiian community. Their stories, traditions, and guidance are critical for shaping the identity and values of future generations.

Think about the importance of storytelling in Hawaiian culture. Kūpuna are the storytellers, passing down legends, myths, and historical accounts that connect people to their past and their land. These stories are not just entertainment; they are vehicles for transmitting cultural values, teaching moral lessons, and reinforcing the importance of ‘Ohana and community. For example, a kūpuna might tell a story about the demigod Maui to teach children about courage, resourcefulness, and the importance of respecting nature.

Furthermore, Kūpuna often play a vital role in teaching traditional Hawaiian arts and crafts, such as lei making, hula, and carving. These skills are not just hobbies; they are integral parts of Hawaiian identity and cultural expression. By passing on these traditions, Kūpuna ensure that they remain alive and vibrant for generations to come. Attending local hālau hula (hula schools) can be a great way to see this firsthand.

Preserving ‘Ohana in Contemporary Hawai’i

While modern life presents challenges to traditional ways of life, many Hawaiians are actively working to preserve the values of ‘Ohana and ensure that they continue to thrive in contemporary society.

Language Revitalization

The Hawaiian language, ‘Ōlelo Hawai’i, was nearly lost due to historical suppression. However, a strong movement to revitalize the language has emerged in recent decades. Language immersion schools and community programs are helping to revive the language and ensure that future generations can connect with their cultural heritage. Learning the language strengthens the bond with ancestors and helps to preserve cultural knowledge embedded within the language. You can even find online resources like Duolingo that offer Hawaiian language courses. While a language app cannot replace a genuine cultural immersion experience, it’s useful for supplementing your knowledge and learning some basic phrases.

Cultural Education Programs

Many organizations and community groups offer cultural education programs that teach Hawaiian values, traditions, and practices to both residents and visitors. These programs help to foster a deeper understanding and appreciation for Hawaiian culture, promoting respect and cultural sensitivity. For example, cultural centers like the Polynesian Cultural Center on O’ahu are dedicated to preserving and sharing Polynesian cultures, including Hawaiian traditions.

Supporting Local Businesses

Supporting local businesses is another way to strengthen the community and preserve the ‘Ohana spirit. By patronizing local farmers, artisans, and entrepreneurs, you are contributing to the economic well-being of the community and helping to sustain traditional livelihoods. Visiting local farmer’s markets is a great way to support the local economy and experience the flavors of Hawai’i. You can find fresh produce, local crafts, and handmade products while connecting with the community.

Community Engagement

Actively participating in community events and volunteer opportunities is a valuable way to contribute to the well-being of the ‘Ohana. Whether it’s volunteering at a local food bank, participating in a beach cleanup, or attending a community meeting, getting involved strengthens community bonds and promotes a sense of collective responsibility. For instance, many organizations host regular beach cleanups to protect the environment and preserve the natural beauty of Hawai’i. Participating in these events is a tangible way to give back to the community and show your respect for the land and the ocean.

Extending ‘Ohana Beyond Hawai’i

The concept of ‘Ohana is not limited to Hawai’i. It can be applied to any community or group of people who share a sense of connection, responsibility, and mutual support. Whether it’s your workplace, your neighborhood, or your group of friends, you can cultivate the ‘Ohana spirit by fostering communication, offering assistance, and showing genuine care and support for one another. Building an ‘Ohana-like atmosphere in your own community can create a more positive, inclusive, and supportive environment for everyone.

For instance, consider organizing a potluck lunch at your workplace. This simple gesture can foster camaraderie and provide an opportunity for colleagues to connect on a more personal level. Encourage people to share stories about their families or cultural backgrounds. When someone is going through a difficult time, offer your support and lend a listening ear. Small acts of kindness can go a long way in building strong relationships and creating a sense of belonging.

Cost Considerations

While the values within ‘Ohana are priceless and freely available, some elements of participating in or experiencing ‘Ohana could involve costs, ranging from minimal to substantial. Here’s a breakdown based on key activities:

• Participating in a Lūʻau: Costs vary widely. A budget-friendly community lūʻau might range from $20-$50 per person, often requiring attendees to contribute a dish (potluck-style). Commercial lūʻaus, often offered at resorts and cultural centers, are generally more expensive, ranging from $100-$200+ per person, but include extensive buffets, entertainment, and demonstrations. For example, the Germaine’s Luau (Kapolei, Oahu) offers various packages. Consider its pricing options, as a benchmark.
• Family Gatherings: Direct costs here depend on the scale. A small family gathering at home might only cost the price of ingredients for a shared meal ($50-$150). Larger gatherings at rented venues or parks incur reservation fees and potential catering costs, possibly reaching $500-$2000.
• Supporting Family Members: The financial consequences of family support are deeply personal. Contributions depend on the level of need and resources available. This could range from helping with groceries ($100-$300/month) to contributing to rent, mortgages, utilities, healthcare (hundreds to thousands per month), or providing childcare reimbursements.
• Cultural Programs: Costs differ based on program scope. Community-based Hawaiian language classes might be free or low-cost (donation only), while accredited university courses can cost several hundred dollars per credit. Hula lessons also range in the amount, from $50 monthly at some community centers, to hundreds of dollars at established hālau hula.

Direction and Accessibility

Accessing the concepts and practices of ‘Ohana isn’t tied to a specific location, but certain community activities may be useful. For example, most Hawaiian islands will offer regular cultural events such as community cleanups, hula festivals or workshops which are most readily accessible if you have access to a vehicle. Be sure to research locations on local community boards for specifics on times, dates and accessibility options. Also bear in mind that due to geographic location certain locations may only be accessible by car. Make sure you find out parking situations before committing.

Recommendations for Experiencing ‘Ohana

If you’re visiting Hawai’i and want to experience the spirit of ‘Ohana, here are a few recommendations:

• Attend a Local Event: Check community calendars for local festivals, farmers’ markets, or cultural events. These gatherings provide opportunities to connect with residents and experience the local culture firsthand.
• Support Local Businesses: Patronize local restaurants, shops, and artists. This helps to support the local economy and sustain traditional livelihoods.
• Volunteer Your Time: Participate in a community service project, such as a beach cleanup or a food drive. This is a tangible way to give back to the community and connect with residents who share your values.
• Learn About Hawaiian Culture: Take the time to learn about Hawaiian history, traditions, and values. Visit cultural centers, museums, or attend a cultural workshop. This will help you to develop a deeper understanding and appreciation for Hawaiian culture.
• Show Respect: Be respectful of the local culture and customs. Dress appropriately, be mindful of your language, and be considerate of others. Remember that you are a guest in Hawai’i, and your actions can have a direct impact on the community.

FAQ Section

Here are some frequently asked questions about ‘Ohana and its significance in Hawaiian society:

What is the difference between family and ‘Ohana? Traditional family usually refers to those with blood ties. Although the concept of ‘Ohana includes those with blood ties it can also extend to close friends, neighbors, and even the broader community that encompass deeper connections.

How can I show respect for elders in Hawai’i? Kūpuna (elders) can be addressed respectfully by giving up a seat in a public area, patiently listen to stories, value advice, or simply offer assistance if they seem to be in need.

Is it okay to call non-Hawaiians ‘Ohana? Using the word ‘Ohana is perfectly acceptable when referring to a group and is commonly used. However be especially mindful and respectful when using the term regarding a specific family, clan or group as access or adoption may not be acceptable especially by those that do not share a cultural or ancestral tie to that family

References:
Pukui, Mary Kawena, Elbert, Samuel H., Mookini, Esther T. (1974). Place Names of Hawaii. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Kame’eleihiwa, Lilikala (1992). Native Land and Foreign Desires. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press.
Kanahele, George S. (1986). Kū Kanaka: Stand Tall. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Gomes, Robin (2003). Hawaiian Sovereignty: Do Justice and Righteousness. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.

The concept of ‘Ohana First is not just a tradition; it’s a way of life that enriches the lives of those who embrace it. Whether you’re visiting Hawai’i, seeking to connect with your community, or simply looking to build stronger relationships, consider incorporating the values of ‘Ohana into your own life. The more you foster these values, the more you will encourage others to do the same. Start today by reaching out to someone you consider ‘Ohana and offer your support, listen to their stories, and cherish the connection you share. You might be surprised at how much this simple act can enrich your own life and strengthen the bonds of your community.