In Hawaiian culture, ʻOhana, meaning family, isn’t just a word; it’s the very foundation of society. It encompasses blood relatives, adopted family, and even close friends, creating a network of support, love, and responsibility that guides every aspect of life. This deep-rooted connection to family shapes values, traditions, and the overall Hawaiian worldview, emphasizing collaboration, respect, and shared experiences.
What Does ‘Ohana Truly Mean?
Beyond the dictionary definition, ʻOhana represents a profound commitment to interconnectedness. It goes far beyond the nuclear family concept prevalent in Western cultures. It includes grandparents (kūpuna), parents (mākua), children (keiki), aunts, uncles, cousins, and even friends who are considered family. This expanded network offers a safety net, a source of wisdom, and a sense of belonging that is integral to well-being. In essence, ʻOhana implies that no one is ever truly alone.
The strength of ʻOhana stems from the recognition that everyone has a role to play. The kūpuna, or elders, are revered for their experience and knowledge, acting as guides and storytellers who pass down cultural traditions. The mākua, or parents, are responsible for nurturing and educating the next generation, instilling values of respect, responsibility, and aloha. The keiki, or children, are cherished and celebrated as the future of the ʻOhana, and are taught to honor their elders and contribute to the family’s well-being.
Consider this example: If a family member is facing a difficult situation, like a job loss or illness, the entire ʻOhana rallies to provide support. This could involve offering financial assistance, childcare, emotional comfort, or even a place to stay. This shared responsibility alleviates the burden on the individual and reinforces the idea that everyone is responsible for the well-being of the entire group. The spirit of mutual support is embodied in the concept of kōkua, meaning to help, assist, or cooperate.
Values at the Heart of ‘Ohana
Several core values underpin the strength and stability of ʻOhana. Understanding these values provides a deeper insight into the importance of family in Hawaiian culture:
- Aloha: More than just a greeting, aloha represents love, compassion, and respect. It’s the spirit of kindness that permeates all interactions within the ʻOhana and extends to the wider community. It emphasizes empathy and understanding, fostering harmonious relationships.
- Lokahi: This refers to harmony and balance. Maintaining lokahi within the ʻOhana requires open communication, mutual respect, and a willingness to compromise. It’s about creating an environment where everyone feels valued and supported.
- Hō’ihi: Respect is paramount, particularly for elders (kūpuna). Hō’ihi involves honoring their wisdom, experience, and contributions to the ʻOhana. It also extends to respecting the land (ʻāina) and cultural traditions.
- Kuleana: This means responsibility. Each member of the ʻOhana has responsibilities to fulfill, whether it’s caring for younger siblings, contributing to household chores, or supporting elders. This sense of responsibility fosters a strong work ethic and a commitment to the collective good.
- Laulima: Working together is essential. Laulima emphasizes cooperation and collaboration to achieve common goals. Within the ʻOhana, this might involve working together to prepare a meal, clean the house, or build a project.
These values are not just abstract concepts; they are actively practiced and reinforced through daily interactions, stories, and traditions.
The Role of Kupuna (Elders) in ‘Ohana
The kūpuna are the keepers of knowledge and wisdom within the ʻOhana. They are highly respected for their life experiences and play a vital role in preserving cultural traditions. They often serve as primary caregivers for grandchildren, passing down stories, songs, and cultural practices. Their presence provides a sense of continuity and connection to the past. They are walking libraries of history. They teach through storytelling – moʻolelo – providing valuable life lessons through the adventures and challenges faced by ancestors. The stories are not just entertainment; they are tools for teaching children about Hawaiian values, history, and cultural practices.
Visits to kūpuna are frequent and are considered a demonstration of respect and affection. Many families make it a point to gather regularly with their elders, especially for meals and special occasions. This not only allows them to stay connected but also provides opportunities for the kūpuna to share their wisdom and experiences.
Practical example: Imagine a young child struggling with a decision. Rather than simply telling the child what to do, the parents might encourage them to seek guidance from their kūpuna. The grandparent, drawing on their life experience, can offer insights and perspectives that help the child make an informed choice consistent with Hawaiian values. This reinforces the child’s connection to their cultural heritage and strengthens the bonds within the ʻOhana.
The Significance of Food and Gatherings
Food is an integral part of Hawaiian culture, and mealtimes are often a central gathering point for the ʻOhana. Preparing and sharing food is an act of love and a way to strengthen bonds. Traditional Hawaiian dishes often require collaboration and shared effort, reinforcing the spirit of laulima. For example, preparing a lūʻau, a traditional Hawaiian feast, typically involves many family members working together for days, from gathering ingredients to cooking and serving the food.
Lūʻau are more than just meals; they are celebrations of family, community, and culture. They often commemorate important milestones, such as birthdays, graduations, and weddings. These gatherings provide opportunities for family members to reconnect, share stories, and reinforce their bonds. The cost of a lūʻau can vary depending on the size and scope of the event. A small family gathering might cost a few hundred dollars, while a larger celebration can cost several thousand. Many families choose to host lūʻau at home or in community spaces to reduce costs.
Another example: Every Sunday, the extended family gathers at Grandma’s house for dinner. The preparation usually starts the day before, with everyone contributing in some way – some are in charge of the kalua pig, others with the poi, and others with the lau lau. These weekly meetings strengthens bond through shared work and enjoying the fruit of their labor.
‘Ohana and the ‘Aina (Land)
The connection between the ʻOhana and the ʻāina (land) is deeply intertwined. The land is not just a resource; it is a source of life, sustenance, and cultural identity. Traditionally, families would have ahupuaʻa, or land divisions, that stretched from the mountains to the sea, providing everything they needed to survive. This close connection to the land fostered a sense of responsibility for its care and protection. The knowledge of the land, its resources, and its history were passed down through generations.
Today, many families continue to maintain strong connections to the ʻāina through gardening, farming, and fishing. They teach their children about the importance of sustainability and respecting the environment. This connection to the land reinforces their cultural identity and strengthens their bonds as an ʻOhana.
Consider this: Many families participate in community restoration projects, such as cleaning up beaches or restoring native forests. These activities not only benefit the environment but also provide opportunities for family members to work together, learn about Hawaiian history and culture, and strengthen their connection to the ʻāina.
You could consider volunteering with organizations like the Hawaiian Islands Land Trust (https://www.hilt.org/) to participate in land conservation activities together. This is a great way to give back to the community and learn about the importance of preserving the land. They offer different types of volunteer opportunities dependign on the island where you reside.
The Evolution of ‘Ohana in Modern Times
While the core values of ʻOhana remain strong, the concept has evolved to adapt to modern times. With increasing globalization and urbanization, families are becoming more geographically dispersed. However, technology has played a crucial role in maintaining connections. Regular video calls, social media groups, and online family forums help family members stay in touch, share news, and support each other, despite the distance. Although some families embrace technology to strengthen connection, others see how it may hinder face-to-face time and active collaboration.
Many families are also redefining the traditional definition of ʻOhana to include friends and chosen family. These chosen families provide the same sense of love, support, and belonging as traditional families. This reflects the inclusive nature of Hawaiian culture and its emphasis on building strong relationships regardless of blood ties.
An interesting aspect is the revival of Hawaiian language and cultural practices among younger generations. Many young people are actively learning the Hawaiian language, participating in cultural dances, and engaging in traditional practices to reconnect with their heritage and strengthen their sense of ʻOhana. This revitalized interest ensures that the values and traditions of ʻOhana will continue to thrive for generations to come.
Addressing Challenges within the ‘Ohana
Just like in any family structure, ʻOhana are not immune to conflicts and challenges. However, Hawaiian culture provides unique ways of addressing these challenges. Open communication, empathy, and a willingness to forgive are essential for resolving disagreements. Mediation and counseling are often used to help family members work through their problems and find solutions that benefit everyone. One key element in resolving the issue is the practice of ho’oponopono.
Hoʻoponopono is a traditional Hawaiian practice of reconciliation and forgiveness. It involves a process of dialogue, confession, repentance, and restitution. The goal is to restore harmony and balance within the ʻOhana by addressing the root causes of the conflict and finding ways to move forward. Hoʻoponopono is often facilitated by a respected elder or mediator who can guide the process and help family members communicate effectively.
Practical tip: If you’re facing challenges within your ʻOhana, consider seeking guidance from a cultural practitioner or counselor who is familiar with Hawaiian values and practices. They can provide valuable insights and support to help you navigate difficult situations and strengthen your family bonds.
Moreover, community support systems also play a crucial role. Organizations like the Department of Hawaiian Home Lands and various community centers offer resources and support to families facing economic hardship, health issues, or other challenges. These support systems reinforce the idea that the ʻOhana is not alone and that there are resources available to help them thrive.
How to Embrace the ‘Ohana Spirit, Even if You’re Not Hawaiian
The spirit of ʻOhana is not limited to those of Hawaiian descent. Anyone can embrace the values of love, respect, and interconnectedness that are at the heart of ʻOhana. Here are some ways to incorporate the ʻOhana spirit into your life:
- Strengthen your family bonds: Make time for regular family gatherings, even if it’s just a simple dinner or a phone call. Show your love and appreciation for your family members through acts of kindness and support.
- Cultivate meaningful relationships: Nurture your friendships and build a strong network of support. Treat your friends like family and be there for them in times of need.
- Practice aloha: Show kindness, compassion, and respect to everyone you meet. Smile, offer a helping hand, and spread positivity wherever you go.
- Embrace community: Get involved in your local community and contribute to causes that you care about. Building strong communities strengthens the fabric of society and creates a sense of belonging for everyone.
- Learn about Hawaiian culture: Take the time to learn about Hawaiian history, traditions, and values. This will deepen your understanding of ʻOhana and its importance in Hawaiian culture. You can consider visiting the Polynesian Cultural Center located in Laie, Oahu; admission can range from 80 USD to 250 USD depending on activities you would like to explore. (https://www.polynesia.com/)
By incorporating these practices into your life, you can foster a stronger sense of ʻOhana in your own relationships and contribute to a more loving and connected world.
Incorporating ‘Ohana Values in Raising Children
For parents, consciously incorporating ‘Ohana values into raising children is paramount. It starts with modeling respectful behavior toward elders, emphasizing the importance of helping each other, and creating a strong sense of belonging within the family unit. Chores are not seen as burdens but rather as shared responsibilities that contribute to the wellbeing of the entire ‘Ohana. Encourage children to participate in preparing family meals, caring for younger siblings, or tending to the garden. These activities teach responsibility and foster a sense of interdependence. Storytelling plays an important role too – create the habit of reading aloud together and sharing stories passed down through older relatives. This not only gives children a sense of belonging and helps to preserve family histories, but also creates a deep bond through tradition. These early experiences and lessons will lay the building blocks for creating respectful and conscientious future generations.
The other way to introduce children is through the Hawaiian language and cultural practices. Simple starting points are familiarizing them with common phrases like “aloha” and “mahalo.” Enrolling them in hula classes teaches coordination but also imbues an understanding of music and storytelling through movement. Learning to play musical instruments like the ukulele can be another avenue, as music plays a large role in cultural expression. Participating in the preservation of native flora and fauna provides a tangible link to the land and fosters a sense of stewardship. Many families participate in replanting native trees to prevent erosion. This fosters environmental responsibility while contributing directly to their children’s understanding of the interconnectedness between people, land, and plants.
Overcoming Geographical Distance and Maintaining ‘Ohana
In today’s globalized world, many ʻOhana are spread across vast geographical distances. Maintaining strong connections requires conscious effort and creative strategies. Technology offers tools to bridge these gaps. Regular video calls allow family members to see each other’s faces and share experiences, despite the distance. Creating shared online photo albums and family blogs can help keep everyone updated on each other’s lives. Planning regular family reunions, even if they are infrequent, provides opportunities for in-person connection and rejuvenation of family bonds.
If physical visits are not possible, gifting items containing Hawaiian motifs is an option. This may include anything from traditional clothing to hand-crafted art, depending on individual taste. Sharing packages of food or snacks or Hawaiian-themed cooking ingredient sets remind those living away from home of the flavors and food experiences they share back in past family meal times. Another way to create family moments is by sending handwritten cards. This is an incredibly personal and often unexpected gesture that reminds recipients that everyone is thinking about them during important anniversaries and holidays. These reminders of home ensure that members who reside elsewhere feel tied and included in moments unique to those living among their family.
The Future of ‘Ohana: Passing Down Traditions
The future of ʻOhana depends on the conscious effort to pass down traditions to future generations. This involves actively teaching children about Hawaiian history, language, and cultural practices. Encouraging them to participate in cultural events and activities will further deepen their understanding and appreciation. Storytelling plays a crucial role in this process. Sharing stories of ancestors and their experiences can connect children to their heritage and instill a sense of belonging. Supporting educational initiatives that promote Hawaiian language and culture is also essential. This includes advocating for Hawaiian language immersion schools and supporting cultural programs in schools and communities.
Finally, it’s vital to remember that ‘Ohana is not about perfection but about unwavering support, love, and shared values. By nurturing these values and passing down traditions, families can ensure that the spirit of ‘Ohana continues to thrive for generations to come.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What is the difference between ʻOhana and a typical family?
ʻOhana is a broader concept than the typical nuclear family. It includes not only blood relatives but also adopted members and close friends who are considered part of the extended family. The emphasis is on interconnectedness, mutual support, and a shared sense of responsibility.
How can I show respect to my elders (kūpuna) in a Hawaiian way?
Show respect to your elders by listening attentively to their stories and wisdom, offering them assistance when needed, and honoring their traditions. Spend quality time with them, visit them regularly, and seek their guidance on important matters.
What is Hoʻoponopono and how does it work?
Hoʻoponopono is a traditional Hawaiian practice of reconciliation and forgiveness. It involves a process of dialogue, confession, repentance, and restitution. The goal is to restore harmony and balance within the ʻOhana by addressing the root causes of conflict and finding ways to move forward, often facilitated by a respected elder or mediator.
How can I learn more about Hawaiian culture and traditions?
There are many resources available for learning about Hawaiian culture and traditions. You can visit museums, attend cultural events, take language classes, read books, or connect with local cultural practitioners. Consider visiting the Bishop Museum in Honolulu (https://www.bishopmuseum.org/). It is Hawaii’s State Museum of Natural and Cultural History; Adult tickets cost around $30.
Is it okay for non-Hawaiians to embrace the ʻOhana spirit?
Absolutely! The spirit of ʻOhana is universal and can be embraced by anyone. It’s about cultivating values of love, respect, and interconnectedness in your relationships and communities. Everyone is welcome to adopt the values that underpin what it means for families working toward common goals.
References
- Pukui, M. K., Haertig, E. W., & Lee, C. A. (1972). Nānā I Ke Kumu (Look to the Source), Vol. 1. Honolulu: Queen Liliʻuokalani Children’s Center.
- Kanahele, G. S. (1986). Kū Kanaka Stand Tall: A Search for Hawaiian Values. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press.
- Kame’eleihiwa, L. (1992). Native Land and Foreign Desires. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press.
Ready to embrace the spirit of ʻOhana? Start by connecting with your loved ones, showing kindness to those around you, and learning more about the rich culture of Hawai’i. You don’t have to be Hawaiian to experience the power of family – it’s a universal bond that connects us all. Dive into the aloha spirit and make your own ‘Ohana stronger today!
