Hawaiian music, known as “Na Mele,” isn’t just a collection of beautiful sounds. It’s a powerful guardian of Hawaiian history, culture, and traditions. It’s a living, breathing record passed down through generations, weaving stories of creation, love, loss, and the deep connection between the Hawaiian people and their ‘āina (land). The melodies and lyrics preserve invaluable aspects of Hawaiian language, genealogy, mythology, and social customs, ensuring their survival even when facing significant cultural shifts.
The Oral Tradition & The Power of Song
Before written language became widespread in Hawai’i, ‘ōlelo (language) was the primary means of transmitting knowledge. Na Mele played a crucial role in this oral tradition. Genealogies (moʻokūʻauhau), histories, and religious beliefs were all carefully encoded within songs and chants. These weren’t just random tales; they were meticulously crafted narratives meant to be memorized and passed on with utmost accuracy. Skilled composers and performers ensured that these valuable traditions remained alive for centuries. Think of it like a living library carried in the hearts and voices of the Hawaiian people.
A wonderful example is the Kumulipo, the Hawaiian creation chant. It’s an incredibly long and complex poem that outlines the history of the universe and the origins of life. The Kumulipo isn’t just a pretty story; it’s a deep philosophical statement about the interconnectedness of all things. Through its verses, the Hawaiian worldview, values, and beliefs are articulated, ensuring their transmission to future generations. To experience a bit of the Kumulipo’s power, you could seek out recordings online or, better yet, attend a lecture or performance by a knowledgeable kumu (teacher) who can provide context and meaning.
Different Kinds of Mele: Each with a Purpose
Na Mele encompass many different forms, each with its own distinct purpose and style. Understanding these differences gives you a deeper appreciation for the richness of Hawaiian music.
Mele Oli: Unaccompanied Chanting
Mele Oli are chants performed without musical instruments. They are often used for prayers, genealogy recitations, honoring chiefs, or commemorating important events. The rhythmic delivery and intonation are key components that convey meaning and evoke emotion. The performance of a Mele Oli requires intense training and deep understanding of the words being chanted.
For instance, a kanikau, or lament, is a type of Mele Oli used to express grief and mourning. It’s a deeply personal and emotional expression that allows the bereaved to connect with the deceased and with generations of ancestors who have also experienced loss. Hearing a kanikau being performed is a very moving experience and provides insight into the emotional landscape of Hawaiian culture.
Mele Hula: Dance and Music Combined
Mele Hula are songs accompanied by hula, the traditional Hawaiian dance. The music provides the rhythm and melody for the dancers, who use their hands, feet, and facial expressions to tell the story of the song. Hula is not just a performance; it is a visual representation of the mele, bringing the words to life. There are different types of hula, each with its own unique style and movements, reflecting the different stories and emotions being expressed.
Hula Kahiko is the ancient form of hula, performed with traditional instruments and chants. It is often associated with religious ceremonies and honoring the gods. Hula Kahiko is characterized by its powerful movements and intense energy. A great place to witness Hula Kahiko is at the annual Merrie Monarch Festival in Hilo, Hawai’i Island. The festival happens every spring and showcases the best hula hālau (schools) in the world. While attending requires a ticket (prices vary depending on the event), experiencing the dedication and artistry of the dancers is worth it.
Hula ‘Auana is the modern form of hula, performed with contemporary instruments and songs. It is often used to celebrate Hawaiian culture and traditions. Hula ‘Auana is characterized by its graceful movements and beautiful costumes. Many luau performances feature Hula ‘Auana, providing a more accessible way to see this art form. Costs for luaus vary significantly, but can range from $100 to $200 per person, depending on the location and inclusions.
The Role of Instruments
Traditional Hawaiian instruments add another layer of depth and meaning to Na Mele. The ‘ukulele, though not originally Hawaiian, has become synonymous with Hawaiian music thanks to its widespread adoption and use in contemporary styles. The pahu (drum), made from a coconut tree trunk and covered with sharkskin, is considered sacred and is often used in religious ceremonies. The ipu heke (gourd drum), made from two gourds joined together, provides a rhythmic accompaniment to hula. Each instrument has its own unique sound and significance, contributing to the overall texture and meaning of the music.
Na Mele in the Face of Change
Hawaiian culture has faced immense challenges over the centuries, including foreign influences, colonization, and the suppression of the Hawaiian language. Despite these challenges, Na Mele has played a vital role in preserving Hawaiian identity and resisting cultural assimilation. During periods when the Hawaiian language was discouraged or even banned in schools, songs became a way to keep the language alive and to pass on cultural knowledge in secret.
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Hawaiian monarchy was overthrown, and Hawai’i was annexed by the United States. This period saw a concerted effort to suppress Hawaiian culture and language. However, Hawaiian composers and musicians continued to create and perform, using their music as a form of resistance and a way to assert their cultural identity. Songs like “Hawai’i Aloha,” a patriotic anthem, became a symbol of Hawaiian pride and resilience. Even today, “Hawai’i Aloha” is sung at the end of most gatherings and events in Hawai’i, a constant reminder of the enduring spirit of the Hawaiian people.
The Hawaiian Renaissance of the 1970s marked a turning point in the revival of Hawaiian culture. This movement saw a resurgence of interest in Hawaiian language, music, dance, and traditional practices. Musicians like Israel Kamakawiwo’ole, with his iconic rendition of “Somewhere Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World,” brought Hawaiian music to a global audience, helping to raise awareness of Hawaiian culture and identity. Israel’s music is a beautiful example of how Na Mele can transcend cultural boundaries while still retaining its deep Hawaiian roots.
Learning and Experiencing Na Mele Today
There are numerous ways to learn about and experience Na Mele today, both in Hawai’i and around the world. You don’t have to be Hawaiian to appreciate the beauty and depth of this musical tradition. Here are some suggestions:
- Take a Hula Lesson: Many cultural centers and hula schools offer classes for visitors and residents alike. This is a great way to learn about the stories behind the songs and to experience the connection between music and movement. Look for reputable hālau (schools) that emphasize cultural understanding alongside dance technique.
- Attend a Concert or Performance: Check local listings for Hawaiian music concerts and performances. Many Hawaiian musicians tour internationally, so you may be able to find a show near you. Supporting local artists helps keep the tradition alive.
- Visit a Cultural Center: Places like the Polynesian Cultural Center on O’ahu offer immersive experiences that include music, dance, and storytelling. While geared towards tourists, these centers can provide a good introduction to Hawaiian culture. Admission to the Polynesian Cultural Center can range from $90 to over $200, depending on the package and inclusions.
- Listen to Hawaiian Music: Explore the vast catalog of Hawaiian music available online and in stores. Look for traditional recordings, as well as contemporary artists who are pushing the boundaries of Hawaiian music while still honoring its roots. Look for artists who explicitly talk about the history and meaning of their songs.
- Learn the Hawaiian Language: Even a basic understanding of the Hawaiian language can deepen your appreciation for Na Mele. Many online resources and language schools offer courses in Hawaiian. Knowing the meaning of the words you are hearing can significantly enhance your understanding of the songs.
- Volunteer: Consider volunteering with organizations that are working to preserve Hawaiian culture and language. This is a great way to give back to the community and to learn more about Na Mele from the inside. Organizations like the Punalu’u Ahupua’a Farms provide opportunities to immerse yourself in Hawaiian practices.
The Future of Na Mele
The future of Na Mele rests in the hands of the current generation of Hawaiian musicians, dancers, and cultural practitioners. They are tasked with preserving the integrity of the tradition while also finding ways to keep it relevant and engaging for future generations. Many young Hawaiian artists are experimenting with new sounds and styles, blending traditional Hawaiian music with contemporary influences. This fusion helps to attract new audiences and to keep the tradition alive in a changing world.
The internet and social media have also played a significant role in the dissemination of Hawaiian music. Musicians can now reach a global audience through online platforms, sharing their music and stories with people all over the world. Social media can also be used to educate people about Hawaiian culture and to promote cultural events. Platforms like YouTube and Spotify host a wealth of Hawaiian music, making it accessible to anyone with an internet connection.
Education is also key to the survival of Na Mele. By teaching children about Hawaiian music, language, and culture, we can ensure that these traditions will continue to thrive for generations to come. Many schools in Hawai’i offer Hawaiian language and culture classes, and there are also numerous community-based programs that are dedicated to preserving Hawaiian traditions. Parents can also play a vital role by sharing their knowledge and love of Hawaiian culture with their children.
The Importance of Respect and Authenticity
When engaging with Na Mele, it is important to approach it with respect and a genuine desire to learn. Avoid cultural appropriation by understanding the meaning and significance of the music and dance, and by supporting Hawaiian artists and cultural practitioners. Be mindful of the historical context and the challenges that Hawaiian culture has faced. By treating Na Mele with respect and authenticity, you can help to ensure that it continues to thrive.
One specific way to demonstrate respect is to learn the proper pronunciation of Hawaiian words. Mispronouncing place names or song lyrics can be offensive and disrespectful. There are many online resources that can help you learn the correct pronunciation. Additionally, listen to native speakers and try to mimic their pronunciation.
Another important aspect of respect is to avoid using Hawaiian culture for personal gain without permission or acknowledgment. For example, using hula in advertising without properly crediting the dancers or acknowledging the cultural significance of the dance is considered disrespectful. It’s always best to seek permission and to collaborate with Hawaiian artists and cultural practitioners when using Hawaiian culture for commercial purposes.
Furthermore, be aware of the sensitive nature of certain mele and hula that are traditionally performed only in specific contexts or by specific groups. Some mele are considered sacred and should not be performed casually or without proper understanding. By being mindful of these sensitivities, you can demonstrate your respect for Hawaiian culture and traditions.
FAQ Section
Here are some frequently asked questions about Na Mele:
What does “Na Mele” mean?
“Na Mele” simply translates to “the songs” or “the poems” in Hawaiian.
Why is Hawaiian music so important to Hawaiian culture?
Hawaiian music serves as a powerful tool for preserving and transmitting Hawaiian history, language, and traditions. It’s a living record of the past and a vital expression of Hawaiian identity.
Where can I experience authentic Hawaiian music in Hawai’i?
There are many places to experience authentic Hawaiian music, including cultural centers, concerts, luaus, and even local gatherings. Look for events that feature traditional music and dance and that are led by knowledgeable cultural practitioners.
Do I need to be Hawaiian to appreciate Na Mele?
No, anyone can appreciate the beauty and depth of Na Mele. However, it’s important to approach it with respect and a genuine desire to learn about Hawaiian culture. Open your heart to the story and culture found with the lyrics.
What are some famous Hawaiian musicians I should listen to?
Some famous Hawaiian musicians to check out include Israel Kamakawiwo’ole, the Brothers Cazimero, Gabby Pahinui, Keali’i Reichel, and Amy Hānaiali’i Gilliom. These artists all have unique styles and have made significant contributions to Hawaiian music.
How can I learn more about Hawaiian culture?
There are many resources available online and in libraries. You can also take classes, attend cultural events, and visit museums and cultural centers. Immersing yourself in the Hawaiian language and culture is the best way to deepen your understanding.
References
Barrère, D. B. (1971). _Mary Kawena Pukui: Scholar, teacher, friend_. Polynesian Cultural Center.
Kanahele, G. S. (1979). _Hawaiian music and musicians: An illustrated history_. University of Hawaii Press.
Kawakami, D. (1995). _Hawaiʻiʼs songbirds: Natives and newcomers_. Bamboo Ridge Press.
Tatar, E. (1993). _’Hula, Hawaiian dance and song’_. Bess Press.
Don’t just listen to the sweet sounds of Na Mele – truly hear them. Engage with the culture, learn a few Hawaiian words, and support local artists. By doing so, you’re not just enjoying beautiful music; you’re contributing to the preservation of a rich and vibrant culture. Go a step further: plan a trip to Hawai’i, immerse yourself in the ‘aina, and let the spirit of Na Mele touch your soul. E ola mau ka ‘ōlelo Hawai’i – may the Hawaiian language live on forever!
