Hula Dance: A Vibrant Expression of Aloha Spirit

Hula is more than just a dance; it’s a living, breathing embodiment of Hawaiian history, culture, and the spirit of Aloha. It’s storytelling through graceful movements, rhythmic chants, and vibrant costumes, connecting the past to the present and sharing the essence of Hawai’i with the world.

What Makes Hula More Than Just a Dance?

Hula is deeply entwined with the culture of Hawai’i. It’s not merely entertainment; it’s a form of prayer, a historical record, and a celebration of life. Imagine a time before written language; hula preserved genealogies, legends, and important events. The movements, the chants (oli), and the music (often provided by traditional instruments like the ipu heke – a double gourd drum – and the ‘ukulele) all work together to convey meaning and emotion.

Think of it like this: each hand gesture (hana) tells a specific part of the story. A sweeping motion might represent the ocean, while a fluttering of the fingers could depict rain. The dancers are not just moving; they are speaking a language of gestures, connecting their bodies to the stories they are telling.

Two Main Styles: Hula Kahiko and Hula ‘Auana

Hula isn’t a single, monolithic entity. It has evolved over time, resulting in distinct styles. The two primary styles are Hula Kahiko and Hula ‘Auana. Understanding the difference is key to appreciating the depth of this art form.

Hula Kahiko: The Ancient Hula

Hula Kahiko is the ancient form of hula, performed in pre-contact Hawai’i. It’s powerful, often accompanied by chanting (oli) and percussive instruments. Imagine seeing dancers adorned in traditional attire made from natural materials like leaves, shells, and feathers. The movements are strong and deliberate, reflecting the connection to the land, the gods, and the natural world.

Key features of Hula Kahiko:

Chant:

Primarily accompanied by chanting (oli) rather than song. The chanter can be the dancer or a separate individual.
Instruments: Primarily percussive instruments provide rhythm, such as the ipu heke (double gourd drum), pahu (sharkskin drum), ‘uli’uli (feathered gourds), and kala’au (rhythm sticks).
Attire: Traditional attire crafted from natural materials. Men often wear a malo (loincloth), while women might wear a pa’u (skirt) made of kapa (barkcloth) or woven fibers.
Movement: Strong, grounded, and purposeful movements. The steps and gestures are often symbolic and relate directly to the chant or story being told.
Meaning: Often used for religious ceremonies, honoring chiefs, or preserving genealogies and legends.

Finding opportunities to witness Hula Kahiko can be a truly transformative experience. Consider attending cultural festivals such as the Merrie Monarch Festival in Hilo, Hawai’i Island, which showcases the highest level of Hula Kahiko performance. While tickets to the main competition can be difficult to obtain, many free events and performances surround the festival, providing a glimpse into this ancient art form. You can also check with local cultural centers and museums for scheduled demonstrations.

Hula ‘Auana: The Modern Hula

Hula ‘Auana is the more modern form of hula, which evolved after Western contact. It’s often accompanied by song and features softer, more graceful movements. Imagine seeing dancers wearing flowing dresses (mu’umu’u) and floral leis, expressing stories of love, nature, and contemporary life. The use of instruments like the ‘ukulele and guitar adds a melodic dimension to the performance.

Key features of Hula ‘Auana:

Song:

Primarily accompanied by song (mele) rather than chanting. Songs are often in Hawaiian but may also include English.
Instruments: Commonly features stringed instruments like the ‘ukulele, guitar, and bass.
Attire: More modern attire, such as the mu’umu’u (a loose-fitting dress) or a top and skirt combination. Leis and other floral adornments are common.
Movement: Softer, more graceful, and flowing movements. While still symbolic, the gestures may be more expressive and less rigidly defined than in Hula Kahiko.
Meaning: Often tells stories of love, beauty, and contemporary life in Hawai’i. Can also be used for entertainment and cultural preservation.

If you are traveling to Hawai’i, opportunities to see Hula ‘Auana abound. Many hotels and resorts offer nightly hula performances, often accompanied by live music and a Hawaiian feast (lu’au). While these performances may be geared towards tourists, they can still provide an enjoyable introduction to the art form. For a more authentic experience, seek out local performances in community centers, churches, or during cultural events. Consider visiting the Polynesian Cultural Center on O’ahu, which showcases dances from various Polynesian islands, including a dedicated hula performance. If learning hula is on your list, many community centers and studios also provide introductory classes for visitors.

The Importance of the Kumu Hula

The Kumu Hula is the hula teacher, a highly respected figure who embodies the knowledge, tradition, and spirit of hula. They are more than just instructors; they are cultural keepers, responsible for passing down the dances, chants, and history to future generations. Learning from a qualified Kumu Hula is crucial for understanding the true meaning and significance of hula.

Imagine an apprenticeship under a Kumu Hula. It’s not just about learning the steps; it’s about immersing yourself in the culture, language, and values of Hawai’i. The Kumu Hula guides their students not only in the physical movements but also in the spiritual and emotional aspects of hula. The relationship is one of deep respect and loyalty.

Finding a reputable Kumu Hula to study with, especially if you aren’t based in Hawai’i, can be challenging, but is worth the effort. Many Kumu Hula now offer workshops and classes online or travel to different locations to teach. Look for teachers who are recognized and respected within the Hawaiian community. Cultural organizations and Hawaiian cultural centers are great places to start your search. When evaluating a potential Kumu Hula, consider their lineage (their teachers and their teachers’ teachers), their reputation, and their commitment to preserving the integrity of hula tradition. Be prepared to commit time, effort, and respect to the process.

The Language of Hula: Hand Motions and Body Movements

Hula is a language expressed through the body. Each movement tells a story, conveys an emotion, or represents an element of nature. Understanding the basic hand motions (hana) and body movements can greatly enhance your appreciation for the dance.

For example, clasping your hands together and moving them to the side might represent the joining of two families or the joining of two islands. Waving your hands gently upwards can signify the rising of the sun. The swaying of the hips, known as ka’o, adds fluidity and grace to the dance, mimicking the movement of the ocean or the wind.

Learning these movements can be a fun and engaging way to connect with Hawaiian culture. While mastering the intricacies of hula requires years of dedicated practice, learning a few basic steps and gestures can help you understand the narrative being told. Many online resources and tutorials offer beginner-friendly introductions to hula movements. Even simply trying to mimic the movements you see in a performance can deepen your understanding and appreciation.

The Significance of Costume and Adornment

The costumes and adornments worn by hula dancers are not merely decorative; they are integral to the performance, reflecting the story being told, the style of hula being performed, and the personal connection of the dancer to the dance. From the natural materials of Hula Kahiko to the flowing fabrics of Hula ‘Auana, each element has meaning and significance.

In Hula Kahiko, you might see dancers adorned with leis made of leaves, shells, and feathers. The kapa cloth, made from the bark of trees, is often used for skirts and other garments. These natural materials connect the dancer directly to the land and the environment. In Hula ‘Auana, flowing dresses (mu’umu’u) and colorful leis are common. The colors of the flowers and fabrics often relate to the story or emotion being expressed.

Creating and wearing these adornments is often a sacred process, involving prayer and intention. The lei, for example, is not just a decoration; it’s a symbol of love, honor, and respect. Learning about the materials used in hula costumes and their significance can add another layer of appreciation to the art form. Look for opportunities to learn how to make leis or other traditional adornments. Many cultural centers and community groups offer workshops where you can learn these skills from experienced practitioners.

The Role of Music and Chant in Hula

Music and chant are the heart and soul of hula. They provide the rhythm, the melody, and the narrative foundation for the dance. Without the music and chant, the movements would be empty and meaningless. The instruments used in hula, such as the ipu heke, the pahu, and the ‘ukulele, each have their own unique sound and contribute to the overall atmosphere of the performance.

The chants (oli) used in Hula Kahiko are particularly powerful, often recited in a deep, resonant voice. These chants can tell stories of creation, genealogies, or the exploits of legendary heroes. The songs (mele) used in Hula ‘Auana are often more melodic and lyrical, expressing emotions of love, loss, and joy.

Listening to Hawaiian music and learning about the lyrics and stories behind the songs can deepen your understanding and appreciation of hula. Consider exploring the music of legendary Hawaiian musicians like Israel Kamakawiwo’ole, Gabby Pahinui, and the Brothers Cazimero. Attending concerts or performances featuring traditional Hawaiian music can be a truly enriching experience.

Hula as a Form of Healing and Wellbeing

Beyond its cultural and artistic significance, hula can also be a powerful tool for healing and well-being. The physical movements of hula can improve flexibility, strength, and coordination. The connection to the music and the culture can foster a sense of joy, connection, and belonging. For many, hula is not just a dance; it’s a form of therapy, a way to connect with their ancestors, and a path to inner peace.

The rhythmic movements of hula can be meditative, allowing dancers to release stress and tension. The focus on breath and body awareness can promote mindfulness and grounding. The sense of community and support within a hula halau (hula school) can provide a sense of belonging and connection.

Even if you don’t have formal training in hula, you can still experience its benefits by incorporating some of its movements into your daily routine. Try swaying your hips gently to music or practicing some basic hand gestures. Allow yourself to connect with the beauty and grace of hula. Many wellness centers and yoga studios offer classes inspired by hula, incorporating elements of the dance into their programs. This can be a great way to experience the physical and emotional benefits of hula in a supportive and accessible environment.

Preserving Hula for Future Generations

Hula is a living tradition that continues to evolve and adapt while remaining deeply rooted in the culture and history of Hawai’i. The responsibility of preserving this art form for future generations rests on the shoulders of Kumu Hula, dancers, musicians, and cultural practitioners. It’s crucial to support these individuals and organizations in their efforts to perpetuate hula traditions.

Organizations like the Hula Preservation Society work to document, preserve, and promote hula traditions through education, research, and outreach programs. Supporting these organizations through donations or volunteer work can help ensure that hula continues to thrive. Attending hula performances, taking classes, and learning about Hawaiian culture are all ways to show your support. By respecting and honoring the traditions of hula, you can contribute to its preservation for future generations.

FAQ Section

What is the difference between Hula Kahiko and Hula ‘Auana?

Hula Kahiko is the ancient form of hula, traditionally performed with chanting and percussive instruments. It often tells stories of mythology, genealogy, and the natural world. Hula ‘Auana is the more modern form of hula, performed with song and stringed instruments. It often tells stories of love, beauty, and contemporary life in Hawai’i.

How can I find a reputable Hula teacher (Kumu Hula)?

Look for teachers who are recognized and respected within the Hawaiian community. Check with cultural organizations, Hawaiian cultural centers, and universities with Hawaiian studies programs. Consider their lineage, reputation, and commitment to preserving the integrity of hula tradition. Be prepared to commit time, effort, and respect to the process.

What should I wear to a Hula class?

For a beginner’s class, comfortable clothing that allows you to move freely is appropriate. Many studios will suggest wearing a pa’u (skirt), but this is not always required for the first few classes. Ask the Kumu Hula or studio for specific recommendations. Avoid wearing shoes, as hula is traditionally performed barefoot.

Is it disrespectful to learn Hula if I am not Hawaiian?

Learning hula as a non-Hawaiian can be a respectful and enriching experience, but it’s essential to approach it with humility and a willingness to learn about the culture. Show respect for the traditions and history of hula, and be mindful of cultural appropriation. Learning from a qualified Kumu Hula is crucial to ensure that you are learning in a way that honors the culture.

Where can I see authentic Hula performances in Hawai’i?

Look for performances in community centers, churches, or during cultural events. Avoid tourist traps that may not be authentic. The Merrie Monarch Festival in Hilo, Hawai’i Island, is a renowned hula competition that showcases the highest level of Hula Kahiko and Hula ‘Auana performance.

References

Barrère, D. B. (1980). Hula: Historical Perspectives. Bishop Museum Press.
Emerson, N. B. (1909). Unwritten Literature of Hawaii: The Sacred Songs of the Hula. Bureau of American Ethnology.
Tatar, E. (1987). Stargazing in Hawai’i. Bishop Museum Press.

Let’s Keep the Aloha Spirit Alive!

Hula is a gift, a profound expression of Hawaiian culture that deserves our respect and appreciation. Whether you’re moved to learn the dance, listen to the music, or simply delve deeper into the history and meaning, there are countless ways to engage with this vibrant art form. Share your newfound knowledge with others, support hula performers and organizations, and most importantly, carry the Aloha spirit in your heart. Let’s work together to ensure that hula continues to thrive for generations to come.
Begin your hula journey today!