Mele chants are the heartbeat of Hawaiian culture, acting as powerful connectors to the past, present, and future. They’re much more than just songs; they’re living histories, genealogies, and spiritual pronouncements passed down through generations, embodying the soul of Hawai’i.
The Essence of Mele: More Than Just Music
Think of mele as stories brought to life through voice and rhythm. They chronicle everything imaginable: creation myths, the exploits of chiefs and gods, love stories, natural phenomena, and even everyday activities. It’s how knowledge was preserved before written language became widespread in Hawai’i.
The word mele itself means “song,” “poem,” or “chant,” but the meaning goes far beyond a simple definition. Mele is about connecting to one’skūpuna (ancestors), preserving the language, and honoring the land (ʻāina). It’s a vital part of Hawaiian identity and a way to maintain the spiritual and cultural connection to the islands.
Different Kinds of Mele: A Rich Tapestry of Expression
There’s a wide spectrum of mele, each with its own purpose and style. Here are a few of the major categories:
- Mele Oli: These are chants that are often unaccompanied by instruments. They’re powerful and often sacred, used for ceremonies, greetings, and storytelling. The recitative style of oli emphasizes the meaning of the words.
- Mele Hula: This is music used specifically for hula dancing. They are usually accompanied by instruments like the ipu heke (a double gourd drum), the pahu (a sharkskin drum), or the ʻūkēkē (a musical bow). The rhythm and movement of the hula bring the story of the mele to life. It’s not just dancing; it is visual storytelling.
- Mele Koihonua: These are genealogical chants, tracing the lineage of chiefs and prominent families. They are critically important for defining status, inheritance, and historical legitimacy.
- Mele Inoa: These are name chants composed to honor a person, place, or event. They would detail the attributes and significance of the subject.
Understanding these categories helps you appreciate the depth and purpose behind each mele you hear.
The Power of Language: Hidden Meanings and Symbolism
The Hawaiian language is integral to the beauty and meaning of mele. Every word is chosen carefully for its sound, meaning, and symbolic weight. These layers of meaning, or kaona, can provide deeper insight into the message of the mele. Often, words have multiple meanings, allowing for subtle layers of narrative and symbolism. For example a mele can appear as a love song at face value but be simultaneously referring to respect for the ʻāina.
The poet or composer (haku mele) had the responsibility of skillfully weaving these elements together to create a meaningful and powerful mele. To truly appreciate a mele, it’s helpful to learn some basic Hawaiian phrases and understand the importance of kaona.
Learning the nuances of the language opens a doorway to a better understanding of the culture and values that are expressed in mele.
How Mele Connects Us: Ancestry, Spirituality, and Community
Mele is much more than just entertainment; it’s a powerful force that connects individuals to their ancestry, their spirituality, and their community. When a mele is performed, the ancestors are invited into the space. They are regarded as witnesses, and their wisdom and guidance are acknowledged. This connection to the past provides a sense of belonging and continuity, reinforcing cultural identity.
Many mele are rooted in ancient religious beliefs and practices. They invoke deities, honor natural forces, and express spiritual truths. Through mele, individuals can deepen their connection to the spiritual world. Mele plays a crucial role in community life. It is used to celebrate important events, mark significant milestones, and honor achievements. Chanting and singing together fosters a sense of unity and belonging, strengthening bonds between individuals and families.
Experiencing Mele: Where Can You Hear It and Learn More?
Fortunately, there are many opportunities to experience mele and learn more about its significance. Here’s a guide to where to find it:
- Hula Festivals: Attending a hula festival is an excellent way to witness the power of mele hula firsthand. The Merrie Monarch Festival, held annually in Hilo on Hawai’i Island, is the most prestigious hula competition in the world. Tickets are highly sought after and can be difficult to obtain. Plan well in advance! Another option might be to watch live streams; that option makes it possible to view the competition nearly anywhere.
- Cultural Centers: Many cultural centers and museums throughout the Hawaiian Islands offer programs and performances that feature mele. The Polynesian Cultural Center on O’ahu is a popular destination for experiencing Polynesian cultures, including Hawaiian mele and hula. Admission prices vary from $80 – $250, depending on the package you choose. Expect a full day of activities, shows, and learning!
- Community Events: Keep an eye out for local community events, such as luaus, concerts, and cultural celebrations, that feature Hawaiian music and dance. These events often provide a more intimate and authentic experience of mele. Check local event listings and community calendars for information.
- Hula Schools (Hālau): Some hula schools offer classes or workshops that incorporate mele. These provide opportunities to learn about the meaning and history of the chants and songs used in hula. Contact local hula schools (hālau hula) to inquire about their offerings. Fees vary but may range from $50-$150 per month for regular classes.
- Online Resources: The internet offers a wealth of information about mele, including recordings, translations, and educational materials. However, be cautious and seek out reliable sources from reputable Hawaiian cultural organizations. Look for websites and archives affiliated with museums, universities, or Hawaiian cultural practitioners.
Practical Tips for Experiencing Mele Responsibly:
- Respectful Listening: When listening to mele, pay attention to the words and their meaning. Avoid talking or making noise during performances, as this can be disrespectful to the performers and the cultural significance of the music.
- Proper Attire: If attending a formal event or performance, dress respectfully. Avoid wearing overly casual or revealing clothing.
- Appropriate Participation: If you are invited to participate in a mele performance, do so with humility and respect. Follow the instructions of the leaders or teachers.
- Cultural Sensitivity: Always be mindful of the cultural context of mele. Avoid appropriating or misrepresenting Hawaiian culture.
Learning Mele: A Lifelong Journey
Learning to chant mele, or even just appreciate it, requires a commitment to understanding the Hawaiian language, culture, and history. It’s a journey that can enrich your life and deepen your connection to the islands.
If you are interested in learning mele, seek out a qualified and respected teacher (kumu). Look for someone who is knowledgeable, experienced, and committed to perpetuating Hawaiian traditions. Be prepared to dedicate time and effort to your studies. Learning mele is not just about memorizing lyrics and melodies; it’s about understanding the meaning and context of the chants and songs. Be respectful of the culture and traditions associated with mele. Avoid appropriating or misrepresenting Hawaiian culture. Listen carefully, learn from your kumu, and practice diligently.
Example: Learning a Simple Mele Oli (Chant)
Let’s take a look at a simple mele oli, often used as a greeting. This is a common and accessible starting point:
E Ō Mai
E Ō mai
E ō mai
E ala e
E aloha e
Translation:
Respond
Respond
Arise
With love
How to Learn It:
Start with Pronunciation: Listen to recordings of the chant online to hear the correct pronunciation of each word. Repeat the words slowly and carefully, paying attention to the vowel sounds and glottal stops. Many online resources offer clear pronunciation guides. YouTube is a great place to start!
Understand the Meaning: Each line of the chant has a specific meaning. “E ō mai” is a call for response or acknowledgement. “E ala e” is an invitation to awaken or arise. “E aloha e” is an expression of love and welcome.
Practice the Rhythm: Oli chants often have a rhythmic structure. Pay attention to the rhythm and timing of the chant. Practice chanting the words in time with the rhythm. A kumu could help guide you with proper rhythm.
Find a Teacher: If possible, seek a qualified teacher who can guide you in learning the chant. A teacher can ensure that you are pronouncing the words correctly and understanding the meaning of the chant.
Use It: Practice using this greeting when appropriate. It is a great way to express respect. Try to practice at least once a day. Consistency is key!
The Role of Technology: Preserving and Sharing Mele for Future Generations
Technology plays an increasingly important role in documenting, preserving, and sharing mele. Digital archives, recordings, and online resources make it easier for people around the world to access and learn about Hawaiian culture. However, it’s crucial to use technology responsibly and ethically, ensuring that mele is shared in a respectful and culturally appropriate manner.
Efforts are being made to digitize old recordings and manuscripts, with the goal of making them accessible to researchers and cultural practitioners. This helps safeguard mele from loss or damage. Online platforms, such as YouTube and SoundCloud, are used to share recordings of mele. This allows people to hear and learn from traditional music. Educational resources can preserve and promote Hawaiian culture. Interactive tools and apps can help with language learning and cultural education.
Mele in the Modern World: Maintaining Relevance and Authenticity
While mele is rooted in ancient traditions, it continues to evolve and adapt to the modern world. Contemporary Hawaiian musicians and artists are incorporating mele into their work, blending traditional forms with new sounds and styles. This helps to keep mele relevant and engaging for new generations, while still honoring its cultural significance. Mele continues to be a source of inspiration, resilience, and cultural pride for Hawaiians in the modern world. It is a way to connect with the past, celebrate the present, and ensure that Hawaiian culture thrives in the future.
Examples of Modern Applications:
- Film and Television: Mele is increasingly featured in movies and TV shows set in Hawai’i. This exposes a global audience to Hawaiian culture.
- Contemporary Music: Many Hawaiian musicians blend traditional mele with contemporary genres, such as rock, pop, and reggae.
- Education: Mele is used as a teaching tool in schools. It can help students learn about Hawaiian language, history, and culture.
Challenges and Preservation: Protecting the Integrity of Mele
Despite efforts to preserve and promote mele, there are still challenges to overcome. Cultural appropriation, commercialization, and the loss of native speakers all pose threats to the integrity of Hawaiian traditions. It’s essential to support efforts to protect and perpetuate mele, ensuring that it is passed down to future generations in a way that honors its origins and cultural significance.
Many cultural organizations are working to protect Traditional Knowledge (TK) associated with mele. One organization working to preserve Hawaiian cultural knowledge is the Ulukau. This site provides a digital library of important resources. Preservation efforts can include protecting the oral traditions, documentation, and cultural property rights. Supporting language revitalization programs: Encouraging the learning and use of the Hawaiian language is crucial for preserving mele and its meaning. This involves offering language classes, immersion programs, and cultural activities.
Notable Kumu Hula and Mele Practitioners
Many individuals have dedicated their lives to the preservation of hula and tradition of mele in Hawai’i. Some of them are:
- Aunty Nona Beamer: (1923 – 2008) Was a revered cultural icon, kumu hula, composer, and educator from Hawai’i. She was a part of the famed Beamer family, a lineage of prominent Hawaiian musicians, dancers, and educators. She played a vital role in the perpetuation of Hawaiian traditions, language, and arts.
- Vicky Holt Takamine: Is a renowned kumu hula, cultural practitioner, activist, and educator. She is an advocate for Native Hawaiian rights and sovereignty. Vicky has been involved in various community projects and initiatives to revitalize Hawaiian language, culture, and arts.
- Robert Cazimero: Is a contemporary musician who blends traditional Hawaiian sounds with contemporary music; has contributed to the preservation of hula and mele.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between mele oli and mele hula?
Mele oli are chants often unaccompanied by instruments and are used for various purposes, including greetings, storytelling, and ceremonies. They are often more formal and sacred. Mele hula are songs specifically composed for hula dancing and are accompanied by instruments. The hula movements interpret and bring the story of the chant to life.
How can I learn to pronounce Hawaiian words correctly?
The internet offers a wealth of pronunciation guides and audio recordings that demonstrate the correct pronunciation of Hawaiian words. Pay close attention to the vowel sounds and glottal stops. Practice speaking the words slowly and carefully, and seek guidance from a knowledgeable teacher if possible. YouTube is an effective tool to help one learn the details of proper pronunciation.
Is it okay for non-Hawaiians to learn and perform mele?
Yes, it is generally considered acceptable for non-Hawaiians to learn and perform mele, but it must be done with respect, humility, and a genuine desire to understand and appreciate the culture. It is essential to seek guidance from a qualified teacher and to avoid appropriating or misrepresenting Hawaiian culture. Never assume; always ask and learn to ensure understanding.
How can I support the preservation of mele?
There are many ways to support the preservation of mele. You can attend hula festivals and cultural events, support Hawaiian cultural organizations, learn the Hawaiian language, and advocate for the protection of cultural resources. Another important is to show respect during performances of hula and mele.
Where can I find reliable translations of mele?
Look for translations from reputable sources, such as Hawaiian cultural organizations, museums, and universities. Be cautious of translations found on generic websites, as they may not be accurate. Search for cultural practitioners and organizations to ensure accuracy in pronunciation. The more you are willing to learn, the more you can accurately understand the meaning of the translation for yourself.
References
- Kanahele, E. T. (1986). Kū Kanaka: Stand Tall. University of Hawai’i Press.
- McGregor-Gray, K. A. (2017). Hoʻokahua: Building a Foundation for Hawaiian Language Revitalization. University of Hawaiʻi Press.
- Tatar, E. (1987). Hawaiian Oral Literature: Traditional Voices. Bess Press.
Ready to experience the magic of mele for yourself? Don’t just read about it – immerse yourself in it! Attend a hula performance, seek out a local kumu to learn the chants, and explore the rich history behind the music. By embracing this ancient tradition, you’ll not only deepen your understanding of Polynesian culture but also forge a connection with the soul of Hawai’i. Start your journey today!
