Visiting Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park on the Big Island is unlike any other experience in Hawaii. It’s a chance to witness the raw, creative, and destructive power of nature firsthand, walk on solidified lava flows, peer into active volcanic craters, and learn about the fascinating geology and cultural significance of volcanoes to the Hawaiian people. This isn’t just another beach vacation; it’s an adventure that will leave you in awe of the Earth’s forces.
Understanding the Kilauea Volcano: The Heart of the Park
Kilauea is undoubtedly the star of Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park. It’s one of the world’s most active volcanoes and has been continuously erupting (with pauses) for decades. Understanding its behavior is crucial for planning your visit safely and maximizing your experience. To get the latest updates on Kilauea’s activity, including any active lava flows or potential hazards, always check the National Park Service (NPS) website before you go.
The Halema’uma’u crater, located within the Kilauea caldera, is a must-see. Its appearance has changed dramatically over the years due to various eruptive events. Before the 2018 eruption, it was a deep, expansive crater. After the 2018 eruption and subsequent collapse, it became much larger and deeper. As of 2023, it has an active lava lake, though the activity can fluctuate. The best way to see Halema’uma’u is from the overlooks along Crater Rim Drive, ensuring you maintain a safe distance. Nighttime views can be especially spectacular, with the glow of the lava reflecting off the volcanic plume.
Don’t underestimate the power of volcanic smog, also known as “vog.” Vog is created when volcanic gases react with sunlight, oxygen, and moisture. It can cause respiratory irritation, especially for people with asthma or other pre-existing conditions. Consider wearing a mask, especially if you are sensitive to airborne pollutants. Check the vog forecast before your visit to gauge the intensity and plan accordingly. The Interagency Vog Information Dashboard (IVIS) provides real-time vog conditions and forecasts.
Essential Hikes for Every Level
Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park offers a diverse range of hiking trails suitable for all fitness levels. Here are a few recommendations:
- Easy Hikes:
- Sulphur Banks (Ha’akulamanu): This is a short, easy walk (1.2 miles roundtrip) through a surreal landscape of steaming vents and colorful sulfur deposits. It’s a great introduction to the park’s geothermal activity. The trail is mostly flat and paved, making it accessible for wheelchairs and strollers. Expect a strong sulfur smell!
- Devastation Trail: A paved, half-mile loop that meanders through a forest that was once lush but was devastated by a volcanic eruption in 1959. It’s a poignant reminder of the destructive power of nature, but also a testament to the resilience of the Hawaiian ecosystem. Interpretive signs along the trail explain the eruption and its impact.
- Moderate Hikes:
- Kilauea Iki Trail: This is one of the park’s most popular hikes (4 miles roundtrip). It starts with a descent through a lush rainforest, then crosses the solidified lava lake of the Kilauea Iki crater. The contrast between the rainforest and the stark lava flow is striking. Be prepared for some uneven terrain and elevation changes. Allow 2-3 hours.
- Thurston Lava Tube (Nāhuku): A relatively short and easy walk through a 500-year-old lava tube (0.3 miles). It’s a cool and dark experience, offering a glimpse into how lava flows create underground tunnels. The tube is illuminated, but consider bringing a flashlight for a better view of the rock formations. Reopened in December 2023 after damage from the 2018 eruption and earthquakes.
- Challenging Hikes:
- Halema’uma’u Trail: This strenuous hike (2.6 miles roundtrip) descends from the Volcano House area down to the caldera floor. Due to ongoing volcanic activity and potential hazards, this trail may be temporarily closed. Check the park’s website for current conditions before heading out.
- Mauna Loa Summit Trail: For experienced hikers only! This is a multi-day backpacking trip to the summit of Mauna Loa, the world’s largest active volcano. It’s a challenging trek with significant elevation gain and exposure to harsh weather conditions. Permits are required for overnight stays.
Important Hiking Tips: Wear sturdy hiking shoes, bring plenty of water (especially for longer hikes), wear sunscreen, and be aware of the weather conditions. Avoid hiking alone, and always stay on marked trails. Never approach or touch active lava flows, as they are extremely dangerous. Be respectful of the environment and pack out everything you pack in.
Crater Rim Drive: A Scenic Journey
Crater Rim Drive is a scenic 11-mile loop that circles the summit caldera of Kilauea. It provides access to several overlooks, hiking trails, and cultural sites. Allow at least 2-3 hours to drive the entire loop and stop at the key points of interest.
Key Stops Along Crater Rim Drive:
- Kilauea Overlook: Offers panoramic views of the Kilauea caldera, including Halema’uma’u crater. It’s a great spot for taking photos and learning about the geological history of the area.
- Jaggar Museum (Currently Closed): Unfortunately, the Jaggar Museum, formerly a popular stop on Crater Rim Drive, suffered significant damage during the 2018 eruption and earthquakes and is currently closed. However, the overlook at the museum site still offers impressive views of the caldera.
- Steam Vents and Steaming Bluff: Witness geothermal activity up close as steam rises from the ground through cracks and vents. Be careful not to get too close, as the steam can be very hot.
- Halemaʻumaʻu Overlook: A great location to witness the activity occurring in the Kilauea caldera. Check the latest condition before heading there.
- Uēkahuna: The highest elevation on Crater Rim Drive, Uēkahuna offers sweeping views of the Kilauea caldera and surrounding landscape. It’s also a significant cultural site, with ties to Hawaiian mythology and traditions.
Keep in mind that Crater Rim Drive can be affected by volcanic activity, including closures due to high levels of volcanic gas or unstable ground. Always check the NPS website for the latest updates and alerts before you go.
Exploring Thurston Lava Tube (Nāhuku)
The Thurston Lava Tube (Nāhuku) is a fascinating geological feature that offers a glimpse into the inner workings of volcanic eruptions. It’s a relatively short walk through a dimly lit tunnel formed by flowing lava centuries ago.
What to Expect:
- The lava tube is about 500 years old and is approximately 600 feet long.
- The interior of the tube is relatively cool and damp.
- The walls of the tube are covered in interesting rock formations, including mineral deposits and solidified lava drips.
- Natural light streams in from openings in the ceiling, creating dramatic lighting effects.
Tips for Visiting:
- Bring a flashlight or headlamp to better illuminate the tube’s features.
- Wear closed-toe shoes to protect your feet from the uneven ground.
- Be aware of low-hanging rocks and other obstacles.
- Arrive early or late in the day to avoid crowds, as the lava tube can get quite busy.
The Thurston Lava Tube is a relatively easy and accessible attraction, making it a great option for families and visitors of all ages. It’s a quick but memorable experience that provides a unique perspective on volcanic processes. Admission is free with park entry.
Chain of Craters Road: A Journey to the Sea
Chain of Craters Road is a 19-mile scenic drive that descends over 3,700 feet from Crater Rim Drive down to the coast. It winds through a stark and dramatic landscape of solidified lava flows, craters, and volcanic formations. The road offers stunning views of the coastline and the Pacific Ocean.
Key Stops Along Chain of Craters Road:
- Lua Manu Crater: A small, well-preserved crater located near the top of the road. It’s a good spot for taking photos and learning about the formation of volcanic craters.
- Pauahi Crater: A larger crater with a distinctive shape, offering panoramic views of the surrounding lava fields.
- Mau Loa o Mauna Ulu Flow: This vast lava flow erupted from Mauna Ulu volcano between 1969 and 1974, covering a vast area of land and reshaping the coastline.
- Holei Sea Arch: A natural arch carved out of the coastal cliffs by the erosive power of the ocean. It’s a popular spot for taking photos, but be careful not to get too close to the edge of the cliffs.
- Pu’u Loa Petroglyphs: One of the largest petroglyph fields in Hawaii, featuring thousands of ancient Hawaiian carvings on lava rock. It’s a culturally significant site that offers insights into the beliefs and practices of the Hawaiian people.
Important Considerations:
- Chain of Craters Road ends at the sea (or rather, at a point where lava flows have covered the road). There is no connecting road beyond this point.
- Be prepared for a slow drive, as the road is narrow and winding.
- Bring plenty of water and snacks, as there are no services along the road.
- Check with the park rangers about road conditions before you go, as sections of the road may be closed due to volcanic activity or landslides.
The drive down Chain of Craters Road is a journey through time, showcasing the ever-changing landscape of Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park.
The Pu’u Loa Petroglyphs: A Glimpse into the Past
Pu’u Loa, located along Chain of Craters Road, is one of the most significant petroglyph sites in Hawaii. It contains over 23,000 individual petroglyphs carved into the hardened lava rock, offering a fascinating glimpse into the lives and beliefs of the ancient Hawaiians.
What are Petroglyphs?
Petroglyphs are ancient rock carvings created by pecking, scratching, or rubbing away the dark outer layer of rock (the desert varnish) to expose the lighter rock beneath. The petroglyphs at Pu’u Loa depict a variety of images, including human figures, animals, boats, and geometric shapes. Their exact meaning is not fully understood, but scholars believe they represent prayers, records of events, and symbols of cultural significance.
Visiting Pu’u Loa:
- A 1.4-mile roundtrip hike will take you to the petroglyph field. It’s a generally flat walk across the lava field, but be sure to wear sturdy shoes, and bring water to stay very hydrated.
- Respect the petroglyphs and avoid touching or walking on them, as they are fragile and can be easily damaged.
- Take your time to explore the petroglyph field and appreciate the intricate artwork of the ancient Hawaiians.
- Photography is allowed, but avoid using flash, as it can damage the petroglyphs.
Visiting Pu’u Loa is a humbling experience that connects you to the history and culture of Hawaii. It’s a reminder that the volcanic landscape is not just a geological wonder but also a sacred place with deep cultural significance.
Volcano House: History and Comfort
The Volcano House is a historic hotel located on the rim of the Kilauea caldera. It offers stunning views of the volcano and provides a comfortable base for exploring the park offering different types of rooms for your needs. Staying at Volcano House is more than just a place to sleep; it’s an experience that connects you to the history and majesty of Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park.
What to Expect:
- Historic Charm: The Volcano House has a rich history dating back to the mid-19th century. It has hosted famous visitors, including Mark Twain and Franklin D. Roosevelt (information from their website).
- Stunning Views: Many of the rooms offer breathtaking views of the Kilauea caldera, providing a front-row seat to the volcano’s activity.
- Comfortable Accommodations: The hotel features a variety of rooms and suites, ranging from standard rooms to luxurious suites with private balconies.
- Dining Options: The Volcano House has two restaurants that offer different dining experiences. “The Rim” which showcases local favorites with Hawaiian ingredients, and Uncle George’s Lounge with views of the volcano and live music.
Planning Your Stay:
- Book your room well in advance, especially if you are traveling during peak season.
- Consider booking a room with a caldera view for the best experience.
- Take advantage of the hotel’s amenities, such as the complimentary breakfast, guided tours, and cultural activities.
- Be prepared for cooler temperatures at night, as the hotel is located at a high elevation.
Staying at Volcano House does range depending on room type and season. Check their website for current rates and availability.
Practical Tips for Visiting Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park
To make the most of your visit to Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park, here are some practical tips to keep in mind:
- Check the Weather: The weather in the park can change quickly, so be prepared for rain, wind, and sunshine. Dress in layers and bring a rain jacket.
- Wear Appropriate Footwear: Sturdy hiking shoes are essential for exploring the park’s trails and lava flows. Avoid wearing sandals or flip-flops.
- Bring Plenty of Water: Staying hydrated is crucial, especially when hiking. Carry a reusable water bottle and refill it at the park’s water stations.
- Use Sunscreen: The sun can be intense, even on cloudy days. Apply sunscreen liberally and reapply frequently.
- Be Aware of Volcanic Gas: Volcanic gas, or “vog,” can cause respiratory irritation. Check the vog forecast before you visit and take precautions if necessary. If you are experiencing any respiratory problems due to vog, please consult with the nearest medical facility. The Interagency Vog Information Dashboard (IVIS) provides real-time vog conditions and forecasts.
- Drive Carefully: The roads in the park can be narrow and winding. Drive slowly and be aware of your surroundings.
- Respect the Environment: Stay on marked trails, pack out your trash, and avoid disturbing the native plants and animals.
- Learn about Hawaiian Culture: Take the time to learn about the cultural significance of volcanoes to the Hawaiian people. Visit the Kilauea Visitor Center and attend ranger-led programs to learn more.
Safety Considerations
Your safety is paramount when visiting Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park. Volcanic activity can change rapidly, and it’s essential to be aware of potential hazards and follow safety guidelines.
- Stay Informed: Check the NPS website for the latest updates on volcanic activity, road closures, and safety alerts.
- Heed Warnings: Obey all warning signs and instructions from park rangers. Do not enter closed areas or approach active lava flows.
- Be Aware of Earthquakes: Earthquakes are common in the park. If you feel an earthquake, stay calm and seek shelter away from trees, rocks, and cliffs.
- Watch for Falling Rocks: Rockfalls can occur along cliffs and steep slopes. Be aware of your surroundings and avoid standing near unstable areas.
- Protect Yourself from Volcanic Gas: Volcanic gas can cause respiratory irritation. If you are sensitive to vog, wear a mask and limit your exposure.
- Stay on Marked Trails: Hiking off-trail can be dangerous due to uneven terrain, hidden hazards, and the risk of getting lost.
Capture the Moment: Photography Tips
Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park offers incredible photo opportunities. Here are some tips for capturing the beauty and drama of the volcanic landscape:
- Golden Hour: The best time to photograph volcanoes is during the “golden hour,” the hour after sunrise and the hour before sunset. The soft, warm light enhances the colors and textures of the lava flows.
- Night Photography: If there is visible lava activity, try shooting the glow at night. A tripod is essential for long-exposure shots.
- Wide-Angle Lens: Use a wide-angle lens to capture the vastness of the volcanic landscape.
- Telephoto Lens: A telephoto lens can be useful for capturing details of volcanic features, such as lava flows and steam vents.
- Polarizing Filter: A polarizing filter can reduce glare and enhance the colors of the sky.
- Photograph Early and Late: The light during midday can be harsh.
Beyond the Volcanoes: Exploring the Park’s Biodiversity
While the volcanoes are the main attraction, Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park is also home to a rich diversity of plant and animal life, often referred to as its biodiversity. Explore the rainforests, lava tubes, and coastal areas to discover the unique ecosystems that thrive in the park.
- Native Rainforests: Hike through the lush rainforests on the slopes of Kilauea, filled with native trees, ferns, and birds.
- Coastal Habitats: Explore the coastal areas along Chain of Craters Road, where you can see sea arches, tide pools, and seabirds.
- Endangered Species: The park is home to several endangered species, including the nēnē (Hawaiian goose), the ‘io (Hawaiian hawk), and the Hawaiian hoary bat.
To learn more about the park’s biodiversity, visit the Kilauea Visitor Center and attend ranger-led programs that focus on the natural history of the area.
A Note on Cultural Sensitivity
Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park is a sacred place for the Hawaiian people. The volcanoes are revered as deities, and the landscape is imbued with cultural significance. Before visiting the park, take some time to learn about the Hawaiian culture and traditions. Be respectful of the land and its cultural resources, and avoid disturbing any sacred sites.
Getting to Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park: Directions and Accessibility
Reaching Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park involves a bit of planning, but the reward is well worth the effort. Here’s a breakdown of directions and accessibility information:
By Air: The closest airport is Hilo International Airport (ITO) on the east side of the Big Island. From the airport, the park entrance is about a 45-minute drive (approximately 30 miles). Kona International Airport (KOA) is on the west side of the island, and the drive to the park is approximately 2.5 to 3 hours (about 125 miles).
By Car: From Hilo, take Highway 11 south directly to the park entrance. From Kona, take Highway 11 east. The drive offers scenic views of the island’s diverse landscapes.
Accessibility:
- Kilauea Visitor Center: Fully accessible, with exhibits and restrooms.
- Sulphur Banks Trail: Paved and accessible for wheelchairs.
- Devastation Trail: Paved and accessible.
- Crater Rim Drive: Most overlooks are accessible.
It’s advisable to rent a car to explore the park fully and at your own pace. Consider a 4-wheel drive vehicle if you plan to explore some of the more rugged areas.
FAQ Section
What is the entrance fee to Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park?
The entrance fee is $30 per vehicle, valid for 7 days. Alternatively, you can purchase an “America the Beautiful” pass for $80, which grants access to all national parks and federal recreational lands for one year. There are also options for motorcycle and individual passes at a lower cost.
What are the park’s operating hours?
Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park is open 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. However, the Kilauea Visitor Center is open from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm daily.
What is the best time of year to visit?
The park can be visited year-round. The weather is generally mild, with temperatures ranging from 60°F to 70°F. However, be prepared for rain at any time of year. Summer (June-August) tends to be drier, while winter (December-February) can be wetter. If you can visit during the shoulder seasons (April-May and September-October), you might find fewer crowds.
Are there any restaurants or food services inside the park?
Yes, Volcano House has The Rim restaurant, which offers casual dining with views of the Kilauea caldera. There are no other restaurants inside the park, so it’s a good idea to bring your own snacks and drinks, especially if you plan to spend the day hiking.
Can I see lava flowing?
Active lava flows change frequently. Check the NPS website or inquire at the Kilauea Visitor Center for the latest information. Even if there isn’t surface lava, the glow from the Halemaʻumaʻu crater can often be seen at night.
What should I do if I experience vog (volcanic smog)?
If you are sensitive to vog, wear a mask (N95 or P100 is recommended) and limit your exposure. Keep windows closed in your car and hotel room. Stay hydrated and avoid strenuous activity. If you experience severe respiratory problems, seek medical attention.
Are there guided tours available?
Yes, Volcano House offers guided tours. Check with the hotel for more information and schedules. Park rangers also offer guided walks and talks at various locations throughout the park. Check the park’s website or visitor center for the current schedule of ranger-led programs.
Is camping allowed in the park?
Yes, there are two established campgrounds in Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park: Nāmakanipaio Campground and Kulanaokuaiki Campground. Permits are required for camping and can be reserved online. These campgrounds may occasionally be closed during certain times of the year, or for any maintenance purposes.
References
National Park Service, Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park Official Website
Interagency Vog Information Dashboard (IVIS)
Volcano House Official Website
Your adventure awaits! Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park is calling. It’s more than just a visit; it’s a chance to witness the extraordinary forces that shape our planet and to connect with the natural and cultural heritage of Hawaii. Plan your trip today, and prepare for an unforgettable experience.
