Volcano Hike to Lava Flows: An Unforgettable Adventure in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park

Hiking to see active lava flows in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park on the Big Island is an absolutely epic experience. It’s not just a walk; it’s a journey to the raw, untamed power of creation. Witnessing molten rock oozing from the earth, painting the landscape with fiery hues, is something you’ll never forget. This article dives deep into how you can make this unforgettable adventure a reality, covering everything from planning and safety to what to expect and how to make the most of your trip.

Before You Go: Planning Your Lava Hike

Planning is absolutely key to a successful and safe lava hike. Active lava flows are dynamic; their location and accessibility change constantly. What was a relatively easy stroll one day might be impassable the next. So, before you even pack your bags, do your research. First, check the official website of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park for the most up-to-date information on lava viewing areas and any park closures or alerts. They are the authority on safety and accessibility. The park rangers can also provide invaluable advice, so don’t hesitate to give them a call or stop by the visitor center upon arrival.

Next, consider the type of lava flow you want to see. There are two main types: surface flows and ocean entries. Surface flows are exactly what they sound like – lava flowing across the land. Ocean entries occur where lava flows into the sea, creating spectacular steam plumes and sometimes even new land. Both are amazing, but ocean entries are particularly dangerous due to the potential for explosions and unstable cliffs. The National Park Service often restricts access to ocean entry points, and for good reason.

Guided Tours vs. Self-Guided Hikes: While the allure of exploring on your own is strong, for many, particularly first-timers, a guided tour is highly recommended. Knowledgeable guides not only know the safest routes but also possess a wealth of information about the volcanology, geology, history, and cultural significance of the area. Plus, they often have specialized equipment like gas masks (for dealing with volcanic fumes) and emergency communication devices. You can find reputable tour operators by searching online, but always check reviews and ensure they have proper permits and insurance. A guided tour can cost anywhere from $150 to $300 per person, varying based on the duration and what’s included.

If you’re an experienced hiker, well-versed in volcanic hazards, and fully prepared, a self-guided hike might be an option. However, you are entirely responsible for your own safety, and you must stay updated on the latest conditions and follow all park regulations.

Permits and Reservations: Currently, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park does not require permits for accessing lava viewing areas that are within designated trails. However, be sure to verify this information closer to your travel dates as regulations can change. If you plan to camp within the park, permits are required and can be obtained through the park’s website.

What to Pack: Essential Gear for a Lava Hike

Packing the right gear is crucial for comfort and safety. Here’s a comprehensive list:

• Sturdy Hiking Boots: This is non-negotiable. You’ll be traversing uneven terrain, possibly sharp lava rock, and loose gravel. Ankle support is highly recommended.
• Long Pants and Long-Sleeved Shirt: These will protect you from the sun, heat radiating from the lava, and potential scrapes. Lightweight, breathable fabrics are best.
• Plenty of Water: Bring more than you think you’ll need. Dehydration is a real risk, especially in the hot, dry conditions near the lava flow. A good rule of thumb is at least 3 liters per person. A hydration pack is ideal.
• Snacks: Energy bars, trail mix, or fruit will help keep your energy levels up.
• Sunscreen: The sun is intense in Hawaii, even on cloudy days. Use a high SPF, broad-spectrum sunscreen.
• Hat and Sunglasses: To protect your face and eyes from the sun.
• Headlamp or Flashlight: If you’re hiking near sunset or at night, a reliable light source is essential. Make sure it has fresh batteries.
• First-Aid Kit: Include blister treatment, pain relievers, antiseptic wipes, and any personal medications you need.
• Camera: You’ll want to capture the amazing sights, but be mindful of your surroundings while taking photos.
• Binoculars: For a closer look at the lava flows and surrounding landscape.
• Dust Mask or Respirator (Optional): Volcanic fumes can be irritating to some people, especially those with respiratory issues.
• Hiking Poles (Optional): These can provide extra stability on uneven terrain.
• GPS or Compass (Optional): If you’re hiking independently, these can help you stay on course. Make sure you know how to use them.

Safety First: Understanding the Risks and Hazards

Hiking near active lava flows is inherently risky. Here’s a breakdown of the primary hazards and how to mitigate them:

• Volcanic Fumes (Vog): Erupting volcanoes release gases like sulfur dioxide (SO2), which can cause respiratory irritation, headaches, and nausea. People with asthma or other respiratory conditions are particularly vulnerable. Check the vog forecast before you go and consider wearing a dust mask or respirator if needed. The Hawaii Department of Health provides regular updates on vog conditions. If you experience any symptoms, move to an area with better ventilation.
• Heat: Lava flows radiate intense heat, which can cause dehydration, exhaustion, and even burns. Wear appropriate clothing, drink plenty of water, and avoid prolonged exposure to the heat. Stay upwind of the lava flow to minimize heat exposure.
• Unstable Ground: The ground near lava flows can be unstable and prone to collapse. Stick to established trails or follow the guidance of your tour guide. Be very cautious around cracks and fissures in the ground. Never walk on cooled lava that looks hollow or fragile.
• Lava Rock: Lava rock can be extremely sharp and abrasive. Wear sturdy hiking boots and long pants to protect your feet and legs. Be careful when walking on lava surfaces, as it’s easy to trip and fall.
• Flash Floods: Heavy rains can cause flash floods, even in areas that appear dry. Check the weather forecast before you go and be aware of your surroundings. Do not attempt to cross flooded areas.
• Ocean Entry Dangers: If you’re viewing lava entering the ocean, stay a safe distance away from the coastline. Ocean entries can cause steam explosions, collapsing cliffs, and the release of toxic gases. The National Park Service often restricts access to these areas for good reason.

Real-World Example: In 2018, the Kilauea eruption caused significant changes in the landscape and presented new safety challenges. The increased volcanic activity resulted in more frequent and intense vog, making it essential for visitors to monitor air quality and take necessary precautions. Also, new fissures and cracks opened up in unexpected places, highlighting the importance of staying on marked trails and being aware of the potential for ground instability.

Choosing Your Trail: Popular Lava Viewing Spots

The availability of lava viewing spots changes frequently depending on the current state of volcanic activity. Always check with the park rangers for the latest information and recommendations. However, here are a few areas that have been popular in the past or are historically significant:

• Chain of Craters Road: This scenic drive descends from the summit of Kilauea to the coast. Along the way, you can stop at various viewpoints and hiking trails to see lava flows from past eruptions. The road itself is a testimony to the power of the volcano, as it has been repeatedly covered by lava over the years. The Thurston Lava Tube (Nāhuku) is located along this route and can be a fascinating stop to see a lava cave that was once a conduit for molten rock.
• Crater Rim Drive: Offering access to the summit area, this drive provides views of Kilauea caldera, which is an immense volcanic crater. While active lava is not always visible from here, the sheer scale of the caldera is awe-inspiring, and the steam vents along the rim are a reminder of the volcanic activity beneath the surface. The Jaggar Museum (now closed), located on Crater Rim Drive, used to offer a prime viewing spot for the Halema’uma’u crater, which sometimes contained a lava lake.
• Kilauea Iki Trail: This moderate hike descends into the Kilauea Iki crater, which erupted spectacularly in 1959. The trail crosses the solidified lava lake, providing a unique opportunity to walk on the floor of a volcano. You won’t see active lava here, but the landscape is otherworldly and offers a glimpse into the power of past eruptions.

Note: Actual access to these areas can change depending on volcanic activity and park regulations.

The Experience: What to Expect on Your Lava Hike

Hiking to see active lava is an experience unlike any other. Here’s what you can expect:

• The Hike Itself: Be prepared for a challenging hike, even if the distance is relatively short. The terrain is often uneven, steep, and rocky. Pace yourself, take breaks when needed, and drink plenty of water.
• The Landscape: The volcanic landscape is stark and beautiful. Black lava fields stretch as far as the eye can see, punctuated by cinder cones, steam vents, and occasional patches of vegetation.
• The Heat: Even on a cool day, the heat radiating from the lava flows can be intense. You’ll feel it on your face and hands, and it can be surprisingly draining.
• The Smell: The air near the lava flows often smells of sulfur, which can be pungent and irritating to some people.
• The Sight of Lava: Witnessing molten rock flowing across the landscape is an incredibly humbling experience. The bright orange and red colors contrast sharply with the black lava field, creating a mesmerizing display. Depending on the type of flow, you might see slow-moving flows, fast-moving rivers of lava, or even lava fountains.
• The Sound of Lava: The sound of active lava is equally captivating. You might hear hissing, popping, and cracking as the molten rock cools and solidifies. If lava is entering the ocean, you’ll hear the roar of steam explosions.
• Nighttime Viewing: If possible, try to hike near sunset or at night. The glow of the lava is much more visible in the dark, creating an even more dramatic spectacle.

Personal Anecdote: I remember one lava hike where we arrived just as the sun was setting. The air was thick with vog, but as darkness fell, the lava glow intensified, painting the sky with an eerie orange light. The sound of the lava cracking and hissing was almost deafening, and I could feel the heat on my face even from a distance. It was a truly unforgettable experience that made me appreciate the raw power of nature.

Responsible Lava Viewing: Minimizing Your Impact

It’s important to be a responsible visitor and minimize your impact on the fragile volcanic environment. Here are a few guidelines:

• Stay on Marked Trails: Avoid venturing off established trails, as this can damage delicate vegetation and disturb fragile geological formations.
• Do Not Touch or Collect Lava Rocks: Leave the lava rocks where they are for others to enjoy. Removing rocks can disrupt the ecosystem and is considered disrespectful by some.
• Pack Out All Trash: Do not leave any trash behind. Pack out everything you pack in, including food wrappers, water bottles, and any other waste.
• Respect Cultural Sites: Hawaii is rich in cultural history, and many volcanic areas are considered sacred. Be respectful of any cultural sites you encounter and avoid disturbing them in any way.
• Be Mindful of Wildlife: The volcanic landscape is home to a variety of plants and animals. Be mindful of wildlife and avoid disturbing their habitat.
• Support Local Businesses: Whenever possible, support local businesses by purchasing food, supplies, and souvenirs from local vendors.

Beyond Lava: Exploring More of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park

While seeing active lava is the main draw for many visitors, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park has much more to offer. Take some time to explore the other attractions in the park, such as:

• Thurston Lava Tube (Nāhuku): Explore a 500-year-old lava cave formed when molten rock flowed through a tunnel and then drained away. The lush rainforest surrounding the entrance is a beautiful contrast to the barren lava landscape.
• Kilauea Iki Crater Trail: Hike across the floor of a solidified lava lake, an unforgettable experience that provides a glimpse into the power of past eruptions.
• Jaggar Museum (currently closed, but views available from surrounding areas): This museum (when open) offers exhibits on volcanology and Hawaiian culture, as well as panoramic views of Kilauea caldera. The overlook is a great place to see steam vents and volcanic activity.
• Halema’uma’u Crater: The heart of Kilauea caldera, Halema’uma’u is a massive volcanic crater that has been the site of intense volcanic activity in recent years. Views of the crater are available from various viewpoints along Crater Rim Drive.
• Devastation Trail: Walk through a landscape of cinder and ash, a testament to the devastating power of volcanic eruptions. The trail offers views of the surrounding landscape and provides a glimpse into the resilience of nature.
• Pu’u Loa Petroglyphs: See hundreds of ancient Hawaiian petroglyphs carved into the lava rock. These carvings depict human figures, animals, and other symbols, providing insights into the lives and beliefs of the ancient Hawaiians.

Extend Your Stay: Consider spending several days in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park to fully appreciate its diverse landscapes and attractions. There are several campgrounds and lodging options within the park, ranging from rustic cabins to comfortable hotel rooms.

Accommodation and Food Options: Inside and Outside the Park

Inside the Park:

• Volcano House: Offering stunning views of the Kilauea caldera, Volcano House is a historic hotel located right on the rim of the volcano. It’s definitely an experience worth considering if it fits your budget. Expect to pay upwards of $300 per night. They also have a restaurant with incredible views.
• Namakanipaio Campground: This campground offers tent camping and cabins. Reservations are recommended, especially during peak season. Tent camping is very affordable around $20.

Outside the Park (Volcano Village):

• Volcano Village is a charming community located just outside the park entrance. It offers a variety of lodging options, including bed and breakfasts, vacation rentals, and small hotels.
• Kilauea Lodge & Restaurant: Often touted for their fine dining experience and historic ambiance. Expect entrees to cost around $30-$50.
• The Rim Restaurant at Volcano House: A great spot not just for guests but for a memorable meal with a view of the Kilauea caldera. Expect to spend around $40-$60.
• Ohelo Cafe: Casual, tasty meals perfect after a long day of hiking, with reasonable prices.

Self-Catering: If you plan to self-cater, stock up on groceries in Hilo before heading to the park, as options within Volcano Village are limited.

Getting There: Directions and Transportation

The primary way to get to Hawaii Volcanoes National Park is by car. Here’s a breakdown:

• From Hilo: Take Highway 11 south for approximately 30 miles (48 kilometers). The drive takes about 45 minutes to an hour, depending on traffic.
• From Kona: Take Highway 11 north for approximately 96 miles (154 kilometers). The drive takes about 2.5 to 3 hours.

Parking: Parking can be limited at popular viewpoints and trailheads, especially during peak season. Arrive early or be prepared to wait for a spot. Follow all parking regulations and do not park in areas that are not designated for parking.

Public Transportation: Public transportation to Hawaii Volcanoes National Park is limited. The Hele-On Bus provides service to the town of Volcano, but it’s not very frequent and doesn’t go directly to the park’s main attractions. Renting a car is highly recommended. Rideshares are also not easy, or sometimes even possible.

Cost Breakdown: Planning Your Budget

Here’s a general estimate of what your trip could cost:

• Flights: Varies widely depending on your origin and time of year. Round-trip flights to Hilo (ITO) or Kona (KOA) can range from $500 to $1500 or more.
• Accommodation:Budget around $150-$500+ per night depending on where you choose to stay. Camping will be the cheapest option.
• Car Rental: Budget around $50-$100+ per day for a rental car. Reserve well in advance, especially during peak season.
• Park Entrance Fee: $30 per vehicle for a 7-day pass (as of 2024). Or, consider an “America the Beautiful” pass if you plan to visit other national parks.
• Food: $50-$100+ per day per person, depending on dining choices.
• Guided Tour (Optional): $150-$300 per person.
• Miscellaneous: Allow for souvenirs, snacks, water, gas, and other expenses.

Photographing Lava Flows: Tips for Stunning Shots

Capturing stunning photos of lava flows requires some planning and technique. Here are a few tips:

• Use a Tripod: A tripod is essential for taking sharp photos in low light conditions, especially at night.
• Shoot in RAW Format: Shooting in RAW format gives you more flexibility when editing your photos later.
• Use Manual Mode: Take control of your camera settings by shooting in manual mode. This will allow you to adjust the aperture, shutter speed, and ISO to get the best results.
• Experiment with Long Exposures: Long exposures can create a sense of motion in your photos, blurring the lava flow and creating a dreamy effect.
• Use a Wide-Angle Lens: A wide-angle lens will allow you to capture the entire lava flow and surrounding landscape.
• Protect Your Gear: Volcanic fumes and ash can damage your camera equipment. Use a lens filter to protect your lens and keep your camera covered when not in use.
• Be Patient: The best photos often come when you’re patient and wait for the right moment. Watch the lava flow carefully and be ready to capture it when it’s at its most spectacular.

Lava, Lore, and Legends: Appreciating the Cultural Significance

Volcanoes hold a deep cultural significance for the Hawaiian people. Pele, the goddess of volcanoes, is revered as the creator and destroyer of the land. Her power is evident in the fiery eruptions and the ever-changing landscape. Before embarking on your lava hike, take some time to learn about the cultural significance of volcanoes and the legends of Pele. This will add a deeper dimension to your experience and help you appreciate the power and beauty of the volcanic landscape.

Many Hawaiians still leave offerings to Pele at the volcano’s edge. One example is the Ohelo berry. Local tradition dictates that you should offer a portion of the berries to Pele before consuming any yourself. It’s a way of respecting the land and seeking Pele’s blessing.

FAQ Section

Q: Is it safe to hike to see active lava flows?

A: Hiking near active lava flows can be dangerous. It is essential to be aware of the risks and take necessary precautions. Check the latest park conditions, wear appropriate gear, and follow all safety guidelines. Consider going with a guided tour, especially if you are not experienced in hiking in volcanic areas.

Q: What is the best time of day to see lava flows?

A: The best time to see lava flows is at night or near sunset when the glow of the lava is more visible. However, hiking at night requires additional precautions, such as bringing a reliable light source and being extra careful on uneven terrain. Check the park service’s website for specific recommendations based on current activity.

Q: Can I get close enough to touch the lava?

A: No! Getting close enough to touch the lava is extremely dangerous. Lava is incredibly hot and can cause severe burns. The ground near lava flows can also be unstable and prone to collapse. Always maintain a safe distance from the lava flow and follow the instructions of park rangers and tour guides.

Q: What should I do if I experience volcanic fumes?

A: If you experience volcanic fumes, move to an area with better ventilation. Consider wearing a dust mask or respirator if you are sensitive to volcanic fumes. If you experience severe symptoms, such as difficulty breathing, seek medical attention immediately.

Q: Can I fly a drone near the lava flows?

A: Drone regulations in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park are strict. Check with the park service before flying a drone, as permits may be required, and certain areas may be off-limits. Be mindful of the impact of drones on the environment and other visitors.

Q: Are there restrooms and water available on the trails?

A: Restrooms and water are not always available on the trails. Be sure to bring plenty of water and use the restroom facilities at the visitor center or trailhead before starting your hike.

Q: How can I find reputable tour guides?

A: Start by checking reviews online. Go beyond general reviews and look for feedback specifically about safety protocols, guide knowledge, and group size. Contact Hawaii Volcanoes National Park and ask for a list of permitted tour operators. This ensures the guides are operating legally and meet certain safety standards. Ask potential tour operators about their experience, safety record, and what’s included in the tour. Check if they provide equipment like gas masks and flashlights.

Q: What if I get injured on the trail?

A: Cell service can be spotty in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, so don’t rely on your phone. If you are hiking with a guided tour, your guide will have communication equipment and first-aid supplies to contact for help. If you’re hiking independently, inform someone of your plans, carry a whistle, and have a basic first-aid kit. In case of a serious injury, stay put and signal for help.

References List

• Hawaii Volcanoes National Park Official Website
• Hawaii Department of Health – Air Quality

Ready to witness the raw power of creation? A lava hike in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park is an adventure that will stay with you forever. Don’t just dream about it; plan your trip, pack your bags, and prepare to be amazed by the fiery heart of the Big Island. Check the latest conditions, book your accommodations, and get ready for an experience of a lifetime. The volcano awaits!