Hawaii’s volcanoes are more than just geological formations; they are living, breathing landscapes offering unparalleled hiking experiences. But venturing onto an active volcano demands respect and preparation. This article provides a comprehensive guide to safely exploring these majestic giants, detailing the best trails, essential safety tips, and everything you need to know for an unforgettable Hawaiian adventure.
The Allure of Volcanic Hiking in Hawaii
There’s something uniquely captivating about hiking on a volcano. It’s a chance to witness the raw power of nature, to walk on land still in the process of creation. In Hawaii, this experience is amplified by the islands’ stunning beauty and rich cultural history. From the hardened lava fields to the lush rainforests that cling to the volcanic slopes, each trail offers a distinct perspective on the islands’ dynamic geological story. Whether you’re a seasoned hiker or a beginner, the Hawaiian volcanoes offer trails for all skill levels, but remember, these are active volcanic areas and require careful planning.
Essential Safety Tips for Volcanic Hiking
Safety should always be your top priority when hiking on or near volcanoes. The environment can be unpredictable, and conditions can change rapidly. Here’s a breakdown of crucial safety aspects:
Stay Informed: Before you even pack your bags, check the current volcanic activity levels for the areas you plan to visit. The US Geological Survey (USGS) Hawaiian Volcano Observatory is your go-to source for up-to-date information, including alerts, advisories, and real-time monitoring data. Pay close attention to any warnings about volcanic gases, unstable terrain, or potential hazards.
Understanding Volcanic Gases: Volcanoes emit various gases, including sulfur dioxide (SO2), which can be harmful, especially to individuals with respiratory problems. The level of SO2 can vary depending on volcanic activity and even the time of day. Strong winds can carry gases long distances. Be aware of wind direction and avoid hiking in areas where gas concentrations may be high. Symptoms of SO2 exposure include coughing, shortness of breath, headaches, and eye irritation. If you experience these symptoms, move to an area with fresh air immediately.
Footwear is Key: Sturdy, closed-toe hiking boots are a must. Lava rocks are sharp and uneven, and good ankle support is crucial for preventing injuries. Avoid wearing sandals or open-toed shoes, as they offer no protection and increase your risk of cuts and scrapes.
Dress Appropriately: Even though Hawaii is known for its warm climate, conditions on volcanic summits can be surprisingly cool, especially at higher elevations or during the evening. Wear layers of clothing that you can easily adjust as the temperature changes. A lightweight, waterproof jacket is always a good idea, as rain showers can occur unexpectedly. Long pants are also recommended to protect your legs from sharp lava rocks and thorny vegetation.
Sun Protection: The Hawaiian sun is intense, especially at higher altitudes. Wear sunscreen with a high SPF, a wide-brimmed hat, and sunglasses to protect yourself from sunburn and glare. Reapply sunscreen frequently, especially after sweating.
Stay Hydrated: Carry plenty of water, especially on longer hikes. Dehydration can quickly lead to fatigue and increase your risk of heatstroke. It’s recommended to drink at least one liter of water for every two hours of hiking, more if it’s particularly hot or strenuous. Consider bringing electrolyte supplements to help replenish lost minerals.
Navigation and Wayfinding: Trails in volcanic areas can sometimes be poorly marked or even disappear altogether, especially in lava fields. Carry a map and compass or a GPS device and know how to use them. Download offline maps to your smartphone in case you lose cell service. Stay on marked trails and avoid shortcuts, which can be dangerous and lead to getting lost.
Don’t Approach Lava Flows: Active lava flows are extremely dangerous. Molten lava can reach temperatures of over 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit and can cause severe burns or even death. Hot lava can also ignite vegetation and create hazardous conditions. Even hardened lava flows can be unstable and prone to collapse. Always maintain a safe distance from any lava flows and follow the instructions of park rangers or officials.
Emergency Preparedness: Carry a basic first-aid kit, including bandages, antiseptic wipes, pain relievers, and any personal medications you may need. Consider bringing a whistle to signal for help in case of an emergency. Inform someone of your hiking plans and expected return time. Cell phone service can be unreliable in some areas, so don’t rely solely on your phone for communication.
Best Volcanic Hiking Trails in Hawaii
Hawaii offers a diverse range of volcanic hiking trails, each with its unique character and challenges. Here’s a curated selection of some of the best:
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park (Big Island)
This park is a must-visit for anyone interested in volcanoes. It showcases the results of 30 years of volcanism and offers various hiking options, from easy strolls to challenging climbs. Entrance fee is $30 per vehicle (valid for 7 days) or $25 for motorcycles, or $15 for pedestrians and bicyclists. Alternatively, consider purchasing an America the Beautiful Pass for $80, which grants access to all national parks for a year. Park is open 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.
Kilauea Iki Trail: This moderate 4-mile loop trail takes you through a lush rainforest and then descends into the Kilauea Iki crater, a solidified lava lake formed during a spectacular eruption in 1959. The trail offers stunning views of the crater and the surrounding landscape. The descent into the crater is quite steep, but the rewards are well worth the effort. Allow approximately 2-3 hours to complete this hike.
Considerations: Due to changes in volcanic activity, always check current park conditions for trail closures. Bring plenty of water as there are no water sources along the trail.
Crater Rim Trail: This easy 11-mile trail encircles the Kilauea caldera, offering breathtaking views of the vast volcanic landscape. You can hike the entire trail or choose to do shorter sections. Highlights include the Jaggar Museum (currently closed, check website for updates), Halema’uma’u crater, and the Sulphur Banks. The trail is mostly flat, making it accessible to hikers of all skill levels. The sulphur banks area can contain significant concentrations of SO2.
Considerations: Check current park advisories for sulphur gas levels before hiking. Some sections of the trail may be closed due to volcanic activity.
Devastation Trail: This paved, half-mile trail offers a poignant look at the impact of the 1959 Kilauea Iki eruption, which killed lots of trees. As the native plants started to return a small forest can now be found along the trail edge. Check the park website for conditions to see how it is progressing.
Considerations: This is an easy paved walk, but can become quite hot during the day (lack of shade). Bring sunscreen, water, and a hat.
Haleakala National Park (Maui)
Haleakala, meaning “House of the Sun,” is a massive shield volcano that dominates the island of Maui. The summit district offers otherworldly landscapes, stunning sunrises and sunsets, and challenging hiking trails. Entrance fee is also $30 per vehicle (valid for 3 days), $25 for motorcycles or $15 for pedestrians and bicyclists. Consider online purchase or use of America the Beautiful Pass to avoid delays. Park is open 24 hours, but sunrise viewing requires a reservation.
Sliding Sands Trail (Keonehe’ehe’e Trail): This strenuous trail descends into the heart of Haleakala crater, offering a unique perspective on the volcanic landscape. You can hike a portion of the trail or do a longer loop. The descent is steep, and the altitude can be challenging. Be prepared for dramatic temperature swings and bring plenty of water and snacks. The trail surface is mostly loose cinder, which can make hiking difficult.
Considerations: Obtain a wilderness permit from the visitor center if planning an overnight camping trip within the crater. Book well in advance due to limited availability.
Halemau’u Trail: This moderate to strenuous trail descends 1,000 feet into the crater, offering stunning views of the surrounding landscape. The trail passes through a variety of ecosystems, from alpine shrubland to volcanic cinder cones. The climb out of the crater can be challenging, especially at high altitude. This is a loop when combined with the Sliding Sands and connecting the two are a few miles of mostly flat trail. Remember that the bottom of Haleakala Crater is around 7000 to 8000 feet.
Considerations: Check the weather forecast before hiking, as conditions in the crater can change rapidly. Be aware of altitude sickness, which can occur even at relatively low elevations.
Diamond Head State Monument (Oahu)
While not active, Diamond Head is an iconic volcanic tuff cone that offers panoramic views of Waikiki and the surrounding coastline. The hike to the summit is relatively short but steep, and it can be crowded, especially during peak hours. Entrance fee is $5 per vehicle, or $1 per person for walk-ins. This needs to be booked online ahead of time due to the limited parking. The park is open from 6:00 AM to 4:00 PM, and the last entry is at 3:30 PM.
Diamond Head Summit Trail: This 1.6-mile roundtrip hike takes you to the summit of Diamond Head, offering stunning views of Waikiki and the Pacific Ocean. The trail is paved but steep in places, with stairs and switchbacks. The views from the top are well worth the effort. Arrive early to avoid the crowds and the heat.
Considerations: Bring water, sunscreen, and a hat, as there is little shade along the trail. The trail can be slippery when wet, so wear appropriate footwear.
Packing Essentials for Volcanic Hikes
Proper gear is essential for a safe and enjoyable volcanic hiking experience. Here’s a checklist of items to consider:
- Sturdy hiking boots with good ankle support
- Moisture-wicking socks
- Layers of clothing (including a waterproof jacket)
- Sunscreen with high SPF
- Wide-brimmed hat
- Sunglasses
- Plenty of water (at least one liter per two hours of hiking)
- Electrolyte supplements
- Snacks (energy bars, trail mix, etc.)
- Map and compass or GPS device
- First-aid kit
- Headlamp or flashlight
- Whistle
- Camera (to capture the stunning scenery!)
- Backpack to carry everything
Respecting the Land and Hawaiian Culture
When exploring Hawaii’s volcanoes, it’s important to be mindful and respectful of the land and Hawaiian culture. These areas are often considered sacred sites, and it’s essential to treat them with reverence. Stay on marked trails, avoid disturbing native plants and animals, and pack out everything you pack in. Learn about the cultural significance of the areas you visit and be respectful of local customs and traditions.
Avoid touching or removing rocks or lava rocks. In Hawaiian culture, these are seen as pieces of Pele, the volcano goddess, and removing them is considered disrespectful. Never leave any kind of trash or pollutants behind. Pack everything out and dispose of it properly.
Understanding Permits and Reservations
Some trails and activities in Hawaii’s national parks require permits or reservations. Check the park’s website or contact the visitor center for the latest information. For example, overnight camping in Haleakala Crater requires a wilderness permit, which must be obtained in advance. Sunrise viewing at Haleakala summit also requires a reservation. Similarly, Diamond Head State Monument now requires advanced reservations for all out-of-state visitors.
Guided Tours vs. Self-Guided Hikes
Whether to opt for a guided tour or a self-guided hike depends on your experience level, comfort level, and budget. Guided tours offer several advantages, including expert knowledge of the area, safety briefings, and assistance with navigation. They can also provide valuable insights into the geology, history, and culture of the volcanoes. However, guided tours can be more expensive than self-guided hikes. Self-guided hikes offer more flexibility and freedom, but they require more planning and preparation. If you’re new to volcanic hiking or unsure about your abilities, a guided tour may be a better option. However, if you’re an experienced hiker and comfortable navigating on your own, a self-guided hike can be a rewarding experience.
Cost Considerations for Volcanic Hiking
The cost of volcanic hiking in Hawaii can vary depending on several factors, including park entrance fees, transportation, accommodation, food, and guided tours. Park entrance fees range from $5 to $30 per vehicle, depending on the park. Transportation costs can include rental car fees, gas, and parking. Accommodation costs can vary depending on the type of lodging you choose, from camping to hotels. Food costs can also vary depending on your dining preferences. Guided tours can range from $50 to $200 per person, depending on the length and type of tour.
For example, a family of four visiting Hawaii Volcanoes National Park for one day might incur the following costs: $30 park entrance fee, $50 for gas, $100 for lunch and snacks, and $200 for a guided tour, for a total of $380. Of course, costs can be reduced by packing your own food and drinks and opting for self-guided hikes.
Best Time to Visit and Hike
The best time to visit and hike Hawaii’s volcanoes is during the dry season, which typically runs from April to September. During this time, the weather is generally sunny and dry, with lower humidity. However, rain showers can occur at any time of year, especially at higher elevations. The winter months (October to March) can be wetter and cooler, but they can also offer opportunities to see migrating humpback whales off the coast. The best time of day to hike is typically early morning or late afternoon, when temperatures are cooler and the light is better for photography. Avoid hiking during the hottest part of the day, which is typically between 11:00 AM and 3:00 PM.
Photographing the Volcanic Landscapes
Hawaii’s volcanic landscapes offer endless opportunities for stunning photography. From the fiery glow of molten lava to the otherworldly beauty of volcanic craters, there’s always something to capture. Here are a few tips for photographing the volcanic landscapes:
- Use a wide-angle lens to capture the vastness of the landscape.
- Use a telephoto lens to zoom in on details, such as lava flows and volcanic cones.
- Shoot during the golden hour (the hour after sunrise and the hour before sunset) for the best light.
- Use a polarizing filter to reduce glare and enhance colors.
- Use a tripod to keep your camera steady, especially in low light conditions.
- Protect your camera from dust and ash.
- Be respectful of the environment and avoid trampling vegetation.
FAQ Section
Are Hawaiian volcanoes dangerous to hike?
Yes, but with proper preparation and caution, the risks can be minimized. Always stay informed about current volcanic activity, heed warnings from park officials, and follow safety guidelines. Avoid approaching active lava flows and be aware of volcanic gases.
What should I wear on a volcanic hike in Hawaii?
Wear sturdy, closed-toe hiking boots, moisture-wicking socks, layers of clothing (including a waterproof jacket), sunscreen, a wide-brimmed hat, and sunglasses. Long pants are recommended to protect your legs from sharp lava rocks.
What should I bring on a volcanic hike in Hawaii?
Bring plenty of water, snacks, a map and compass or GPS device, a first-aid kit, a headlamp or flashlight, a whistle, and a camera.
Do I need a permit to hike in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park or Haleakala National Park?
You need a park pass (entrance is paid). Permits are required for overnight camping in Haleakala Crater. Sunrise viewing at Haleakala summit also requires a reservation. Always check each park’s website for the latest information on permits and reservations requirements.
Are there guided tours available for volcanic hikes in Hawaii?
Yes, several companies offer guided tours of Hawaii’s volcanoes. Guided tours can provide expert knowledge, safety briefings, and assistance with navigation. Tour fees apply.
What are the entrance fees for national parks in Hawaii?
Entrance fees vary from $5 to $30 per vehicle, depending on the park, or you can purchase the “America the Beautiful” National Parks Pass for $80.
What if someone gets altitude sickness?
Altitude sickness occurs when you ascend to high altitudes and the air is thinner. It is more likely if you travel above 8,000 ft (2,400 m – the elevation near the bottom of Haleakala’s crater). Symptoms include headaches, nausea, and fatigue. Do not ascend more quickly than 1,000’ per day. To prevent altitude sickness, acclimatize gradually, drink plenty of water, and avoid alcohol and caffeine. If you experience symptoms of altitude sickness, descend to a lower elevation immediately.
Is it okay to take lava rocks as souvenirs?
No, it is not okay to take lava rocks as souvenirs. In Hawaiian culture, lava rocks are considered pieces of Pele, the volcano goddess, and removing them is seen as disrespectful. There is also the possibility of getting a fine when taking lava. It is also damaging to the geological environment.
References
- US Geological Survey (USGS) Hawaiian Volcano Observatory
- Hawaii Volcanoes National Park
- Haleakala National Park
- Diamond Head State Monument
Ready to experience the raw majesty of Hawaii’s volcanoes? With careful planning, proper preparation, and a healthy dose of respect for the environment, you can embark on an unforgettable hiking adventure. Start researching the trails that appeal to you, check the latest volcanic activity reports, and gather your gear. The volcanoes await – are you ready to answer their call? Don’t just dream about it, start planning your Hawaiian volcanic adventure today!
