Witnessing Kilauea’s lava flows in Hawaii is a breathtaking experience, but safety is paramount. This article provides practical insights on how to safely observe this natural wonder, outlining guided tour options, self-guided viewing locations, essential safety precautions, and photography tips, alongside understanding volcanic activity and its impact. Let’s dive in!
Understanding Kilauea and Its Eruptions
Kilauea, located in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park on the Big Island, is one of the world’s most active volcanoes. Its frequent eruptions, while captivating, demand respect and awareness. The volcano has a long history, and its recent activity patterns are closely monitored by the U.S. Geological Survey’s Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. Learning about Kilauea will help you better appreciate the dynamics of the surroundings.
The volcano’s behavior is complex, influenced by various factors, including magma supply and vent locations. Eruptions vary from gentle lava flows to explosive events, each presenting different hazards. It is essential to stay updated on current conditions before and during your visit. You can check the volcano’s current alert level here: USGS Kilauea Volcano Updates.
Types of Lava Flows and Their Characteristics
Different types of lava flow exist, each with its own appearance and viscosity. Understanding it helps in assessing potential hazards. ‘A’ā lava is rough, jagged, and spiny. Its slow movement can be hazardous as it cools rapidly and forms sharp edges. Pahoehoe lava is smooth, flowing, and ropy. While usually less viscous than ‘A’ā, it can still move quickly. Both types pose risks, including burns from the heat, dangers from uneven terrain, and the possibility of being cut off by changing flow paths. Be prepared to deal with heat, toxic gases, and unstable ground when viewing lava flows.
Volcanic Gases: What You Need to Know
Volcanic gases, such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), pose a health hazard near active lava flows. SO2 can irritate the skin, nose, throat, and respiratory tract, especially for individuals with asthma or other respiratory conditions. Concentrations of SO2 can vary significantly depending on wind direction and proximity to the eruption site. Stay upwind of any active vents or flows, and be aware of changing wind conditions. Consider wearing a respirator mask, especially if you are sensitive to respiratory irritants. Remember that children, the elderly, and people with pre-existing conditions are more susceptible to the effects of volcanic gases.
Guided Tours: A Safe and Informative Option
Opting for a guided tour of Kilauea’s lava flows is often the safest and most informative approach, especially if you’re not experienced in navigating volcanic terrain. Tour operators provide valuable expertise and adhere to safety protocols.
Types of Lava Tours Available
Several types of tours are available, each offering a unique perspective on the volcanic landscape. Hiking tours take you closer to the lava flows, allowing you to witness the volcanic activity up close (from a safe distance, of course!). Boat tours offer a dramatic view of lava entering the ocean (if applicable). Helicopter tours provide an aerial perspective of the volcanic landscape, offering incredible photo opportunities. Each tour type has its advantages and disadvantages regarding accessibility, cost, and safety. Consider your physical abilities, budget, and desired level of proximity when choosing a tour.
Choosing a Reputable Tour Operator
Selecting a reputable tour operator is crucial for ensuring a safe and enjoyable experience. Look for companies that are licensed and insured, and that have experienced guides who are knowledgeable about the local geology and safety protocols. Check online reviews and ask for recommendations from other travelers. A good tour operator will prioritize your safety, provide proper equipment and guidance, and offer valuable insight into the volcanic environment. A safe operator will closely monitor volcanic conditions and adjust the tour route accordingly, ensuring that you can view the lava flows without unnecessary risk. Examples of reputable tour operators include:
- Epic Lava Tours: Epic Lava Tours
- Hawaii Volcanoes National Park: Hawaii Volcanoes National Park Guided Tours (check availability)
Always research and confirm that the tour operator is still active and meets requirements.
What to Expect on a Guided Lava Tour
Guided lava tours typically include transportation, safety equipment (such as respirators and flashlights), and knowledgeable commentary from the tour guide. Be prepared for varying weather conditions, including heat, rain, and wind. Wear appropriate clothing, including sturdy shoes, long pants, and a hat. Bring plenty of water and snacks. Tour guides will provide specific instructions regarding safety protocols and expected behavior. Follow their instructions carefully and ask questions if you have any concerns. If you’re visiting during nighttime, bring extra batteries and chargers.
The cost of a fully guided tour can range from $100 to $500 depending on the complexity and duration. Helicopter tours are generally more expensive and cost between $300 to $500 per person. Hiking tours are generally cheaper, and you should expect to pay round $100 to $200. Boat watching tours are somewhere in the middle.
Self-Guided Viewing: If You Choose to Go It Alone
While guided tours offer the safest and most informative experience, self-guided viewing is possible under certain conditions. However, it requires careful planning, preparation, and adherence to safety guidelines.
Designated Viewing Areas and Trails
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park offers designated viewing areas and trails for observing volcanic activity. These locations are selected and maintained to provide safe access to volcanic features. Check the park’s website for the latest information on open trails and viewing areas. Consider checking nearby locations for viewing spots outside the park as well, but make sure you research safety guidelines. Never venture off-trail or enter restricted areas, as these may be unstable or pose other hazards. For example, from the Jaggar Museum overlook point, you may be able to have a good view of the areas. Currently, the museum is closed, however, you may find temporary viewing points. Follow signs and warnings posted by park rangers and other authorities. Be aware of changing conditions and be prepared to alter your plans if necessary. Remember that volcanic activity can change rapidly, and safety should always be your top priority.
Essential Safety Precautions for Self-Guided Viewing
Before embarking on a self-guided viewing excursion, take the following safety precautions:
- Check the latest volcano activity reports: Stay informed about the current eruption status and any potential hazards.
- Heed all warnings and closures: Always obey signs and closures implemented by park rangers and local authorities.
- Pack essential gear: Carry plenty of water, food, sunscreen, a hat, and appropriate clothing and footwear.
- Bring a respirator mask: Protect yourself from volcanic gases, especially if you have respiratory issues.
- Stay on marked trails: Avoid venturing off-trail or into restricted areas.
- Monitor weather conditions: Be prepared for sudden changes in weather and be aware of wind direction.
- Inform someone of your plans: Let someone know your route and expected return time.
- Be aware of your surroundings: Watch out for unstable ground, sharp rocks, and other hazards.
- Carry a first-aid kit: Treat any injuries promptly and seek medical attention if necessary.
Do not come closer than 200 – 400 meters of the lava flow. If the lava flow creates a pyroclastic explosion, step away from the area for at least a mile.
What to Bring for Self-Guided Viewing
Packing the right gear is essential for a safe and comfortable self-guided viewing experience. In addition to the essentials mentioned above, consider the following:
- Sturdy hiking shoes: Wear shoes that provide good traction and support.
- Long pants and long-sleeved shirt: Protect your skin from heat and sharp rocks.
- Flashlight or headlamp: Essential for viewing at night or in low-light conditions.
- Binoculars: Enhance your viewing experience and allow you to see distant features more clearly.
- Camera: Capture the beauty and power of the volcanic landscape.
- Extra batteries: Ensure your electronic devices stay powered throughout your excursion.
- GPS device or map and compass: Help you navigate and stay oriented.
Photography Tips for Capturing the Lava’s Beauty
Photographing Kilauea’s lava flows can be a rewarding experience, but it requires some planning and preparation. Here are some tips for capturing stunning images:
Equipment Recommendations
A DSLR or mirrorless camera with a wide-angle lens is ideal for capturing the vastness of the volcanic landscape. A telephoto lens can be useful for photographing distant details. Bring a sturdy tripod to stabilize your shots, especially in low-light conditions. Consider using a remote shutter release to minimize camera shake. Protect your equipment from volcanic dust and gases by using lens filters and a camera bag or cover. A good starting kit can cost you around $1500 and higher. Protect lenses from dust and fumes, including from other common hazards in Hawaii, like ocean spray.
Best Camera Settings
Use a low ISO setting (e.g., 100 or 200) to minimize noise in your photos. Set your aperture to f/8 or f/11 for maximum sharpness. Use a slow shutter speed (e.g., several seconds) to capture the movement of the lava flows. Experiment with different white balance settings to achieve the desired color temperature. Shoot in RAW format to preserve the maximum amount of detail in your images. It also allows you to fix images in post-processing. Don’t overdo it with editing—especially when you capture the moment perfectly!
Composition Techniques
Look for interesting foreground elements, such as rocks, trees, or other natural features. Use leading lines to guide the viewer’s eye through the scene. Capture movement and texture by using slow shutter speeds to blur the lava flows. Take advantage of golden hour lighting (the hour after sunrise and the hour before sunset) for warm and dramatic light. Don’t be afraid to experiment with different angles and perspectives. Be aware of your surroundings, and always prioritize safety. Take drone footage when available.
Understanding Volcanic Hazards
Volcanic hazards can pose significant risks to visitors near active lava flows. Understanding these hazards helps in minimizing risk.
Lava Flows
Lava flows can move quickly and unpredictably. Even seemingly slow-moving flows can suddenly surge forward. Avoid getting too close to active lava flows, as the heat can be intense, and the ground can be unstable. If you encounter a lava flow, retreat immediately and find a safe vantage point. Lava flows may range in temperature from 1,000 to 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit.
Volcanic Gases (Vog)
Volcanic gases, such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), can irritate the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Vog (volcanic smog) is a common occurrence downwind of Kilauea, and it can affect air quality over a wide area. If you are sensitive to respiratory irritants, consider wearing a respirator mask and staying indoors when vog levels are high. Be aware of changing wind conditions, and always stay upwind of active vents and flows. Vog is especially dangerous for pregnant women and children, so make sure you take extra precautions.
Explosions and Rockfalls
Explosions and rockfalls can occur near active volcanoes, especially when lava interacts with water or unstable ground. Be aware of your surroundings and avoid areas that are prone to explosions or rockfalls. These are more common closer to the caldera of the volcano.
Ground Instability
The ground near active volcanoes can be unstable, with cracks, fissures, and sinkholes. Avoid stepping on unstable ground, and be aware of any potential hazards. Stay on marked trails and heed all warnings. Also, do not venture into lava tubes or tunnels, since those are generally unstable.
Responsible Viewing: Minimizing Your Impact
As you explore Kilauea’s lava flows, take steps to minimize your impact on the environment.
Leave No Trace
Pack out everything you pack in, and dispose of trash properly. Avoid disturbing vegetation or wildlife. Stay on marked trails to prevent erosion and damage to sensitive ecosystems. Respect cultural sites and avoid removing any rocks or artifacts. Leave no trace behind, so that future visitors can enjoy the volcanic landscape.
Respect Local Culture
Hawaii is a land of rich culture and history. Respect local customs and traditions, and be mindful of the cultural significance of the volcanic landscape. Ask permission before taking photos of people, and avoid entering areas that are considered sacred or taboo. Learn a few basic Hawaiian phrases, such as “aloha” (hello/goodbye) and “mahalo” (thank you), to show respect for the local culture. For example, lava rocks are believed to be the embodiment of Pele, the Hawaiian goddess of volcanoes. Removing lava rocks from Hawaii as souvenirs is considered disrespectful and is believed to bring bad luck.
Support Local Businesses
Support local businesses by purchasing souvenirs, meals, and tour services from local vendors. This helps to contribute to the local economy and preserve the unique character of the Hawaiian Islands.
FAQ Section
Let’s tackle any burning questions you might have:
What is the best time of day to view lava flows?
The best time to view lava flows is typically at night, when the glowing lava is most visible against the dark sky. However, viewing is possible, and just as beautiful, during daytime, especially if you’re looking for a more scenic view surrounding of land features.
Is it safe to view lava flows with children?
Viewing lava flows with children can be safe if you take appropriate precautions. Keep children close and supervised at all times, and be especially careful of volcanic gases and unstable ground. Consider opting for a guided tour specifically designed for families.
What is the best way to protect myself from volcanic gases?
The best way to protect yourself from volcanic gases is to stay upwind of active vents and flows, and wear a respirator mask. Avoid areas with high concentrations of volcanic gases, and consult your doctor if you have any respiratory concerns. You may also consider staying further away from the lava flows as well.
How much does it cost to visit Hawaii Volcanoes National Park?
As of right now, the current entrance fee is $30 per vehicle, valid for 7 days. Alternatively, you can purchase an annual pass for $55, which grants unlimited access to the park for one year. Check for updated pricing on the National Park Service website.
Are there any restrictions on flying drones near Kilauea?
Yes, there are restrictions on flying drones near Kilauea. The operation of drones is sometimes restricted or prohibited within Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Check the park’s website for the latest regulations and obtain any necessary permits before flying a drone. Usually, you must register your drone to a flight restriction zone that’s 2-3 miles away from the eruption location.
References
- U.S. Geological Survey
- Hawaii Volcanoes National Park Service
Ready to experience the raw power and beauty of Kilauea’s lava flows? Remember, safety is your top priority. By taking the proper precautions, you can witness this incredible natural phenomenon responsibly and create memories that will last a lifetime. Book a guided tour, pack the right gear, and stay informed. It’s time to witness the natural volcanic wonder!
