Explore Hawaii’s Stunning Lava Fields On Foot

Hawaii’s volcanic landscapes offer breathtaking hiking opportunities unlike any other. Walking across hardened lava flows is an experience that connects you to the earth’s raw power. This guide will provide you with practical information to safely and enjoyably explore these unique terrains.

Understanding Hawaiian Lava Landscapes

Before you even lace up your hiking boots, it’s important to understand what you’re walking on. Hawaiian volcanoes, primarily shield volcanoes, produce basaltic lava. This type of lava is relatively low in viscosity, meaning it flows easily. As a result, it creates two main types of lava flows: ʻaʻā and pāhoehoe. ‘A’ā is characterized by its rough, jagged, and spiny surface. Imagine walking on broken glass – that’s a good visual. Pāhoehoe, on the other hand, is smooth, ropy, and undulating. It’s much easier to walk on, but it can still be tricky, especially when wet. Knowing the difference is crucial for choosing appropriate footwear and being prepared for the terrain.

Think of it like this: ‘A’ā lava is like hiking over piles of loosely cemented gravel and shattered glass; pāhoehoe is like walking across a very uneven, petrified rope. Both can be challenging, especially if you’re not used to it.

Beyond just the lava’s surface texture, you also encounter different landforms created by volcanic activity. Lava tubes can be found – these are cave-like passages formed by flowing lava cooling on the surface while molten lava continues to flow beneath. Steam vents and sulfur banks are also common, reminding you that the volcano is still active. Steer clear of areas with strong sulfur smells, as these can indicate concentrated volcanic gases. Always respect the power of the volcano and heed any warning signs.

Choosing the Right Hike

Hawaii offers several locations for lava field hikes, each with varying levels of difficulty and scenic attractions. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park on the Big Island is perhaps the most famous location, boasting trails like the Kīlauea Iki Trail, which descends into a cooled lava lake crater, and the Devastation Trail, a relatively easy paved walk through an area covered in volcanic ash from a past eruption.

The Kīlauea Iki Trail is a definite highlight. The descent into the crater is steep, but the payoff is walking across the crater floor, which last erupted in 1959. You can literally see steam vents hissing around you. The full loop is about 4 miles and takes around 2-3 hours, depending on your pace and how much time you spend exploring the crater floor. It’s rated as moderate in difficulty. The National Park Service provides excellent maps and information about the trail’s current conditions (look for updates at the Kīlauea Visitor Center). Be sure to bring water and sun protection, as there’s little shade on the crater floor.

Another great option is the Pu’u Loa petroglyphs trail. It is a shorter, easier hike that leads to thousands of ancient Hawaiian petroglyphs carved into the lava rock. This site gives you insight into Hawaiian history and culture. It’s a very accessible and culturally significant site. The trail is flat and approximately 1.4 miles round trip. Remember, it is essential to respect these ancient carvings. Do not touch or deface them.

The Chain of Craters Road offers numerous viewpoints and short walks to overlooks of past lava flows. This is a great way to see the vast scale of the volcanic landscape without committing to a long hike. However, keep in mind that parts of this road can occasionally be closed due to volcanic activity or road maintenance, so check the park’s website Hawaii Volcanoes National Park before you go.

Beyond Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, the Kalapana lava viewing area (when accessible) is another option. Check with local authorities for the current access and viewing options, as lava flow patterns are constantly changing. Always be aware of volcanic activity and follow official guidelines.

When deciding on a hike, consider your fitness level, time constraints, and what you want to see. If you’re new to hiking or have limited time, a shorter, easier trail like the Devastation Trail or a portion of the Kīlauea Iki Trail might be a good starting point. If you’re an experienced hiker looking for a challenge, the full Kīlauea Iki loop or exploring some of the less-traveled trails near the Chain of Craters Road could be a good choice. Always prioritize safety and be prepared for the conditions. Contact the National Park Service for details about permits and trail conditions.

Essential Gear and Preparation

Hiking on lava fields requires specific gear and preparation to ensure safety and comfort. First and foremost, footwear is critical. Sturdy hiking boots with good ankle support are essential. The uneven and often sharp surfaces of lava rock can easily cause ankle sprains or cuts if you’re not wearing appropriate shoes. Look for boots with thick soles for protection against sharp rocks and good traction for navigating slippery surfaces, especially when wet. Bring extra socks, too, in case your feet get wet.

Clothing should be lightweight, breathable, and quick-drying. Long pants are recommended to protect your legs from scratches and sunburn, but if you prefer shorts, make sure to apply sunscreen liberally and frequently. A hat and sunglasses are also essential for sun protection. Consider wearing a long-sleeved shirt, even in warm weather, for extra protection from the sun and potential scrapes.

Hydration is extremely important, especially in the hot and dry conditions often found on lava fields. Bring plenty of water – at least 2-3 liters per person, depending on the length and intensity of the hike. Electrolyte drinks can also be helpful for replenishing lost nutrients. A small backpack is useful for carrying water, snacks, sunscreen, a first-aid kit, and any other essentials.

A basic first-aid kit should include bandages, antiseptic wipes, pain relievers, blister treatment, and any personal medications you may need. A map and compass or GPS device can be helpful for navigating, especially on longer or less-traveled trails, although many popular trails are well-marked. A headlamp or flashlight is essential if you plan to hike in the early morning or late evening, or if you plan to explore any lava tubes (with proper authorization and respect for the environment). A trekking pole or hiking stick can provide extra stability and support, especially on uneven terrain. Consider also bringing moleskin for potential blisters.

Before you head out, check the weather forecast and trail conditions. The weather on the Big Island can change rapidly, especially at higher elevations. Be aware of any potential hazards, such as volcanic activity, flash floods, or slippery surfaces. Let someone know your hiking plans and expected return time. Check the National Park Service website National Park Service Website for updates.

A practical example: I hiked the Kīlauea Iki Trail last year during the summer. Even though it was early morning, the sun was intense. I brought 3 liters of water, which was barely enough. I also wore long pants (lightweight hiking pants) and a long-sleeved shirt, which protected me from the sun and some of the sharp rocks on the trail. I saw several people wearing only shorts who had scrapes and sunburns. Good footwear is key here: I wore my high-ankle hiking boots, which saved my ankles on a very uneven portion of the trail.

Safety Considerations for Lava Hikes

Safety is paramount when hiking on lava fields. The terrain can be hazardous, and conditions can change quickly. Remember that lava rock can be sharp and unstable, so always watch your step and be aware of your surroundings. Avoid walking on loose or crumbling lava, as it can easily give way. Be especially cautious near cliffs or edges, as the ground may be unstable.

Volcanic gases can be a significant hazard, especially near vents or steam plumes. These gases, such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), can irritate your eyes, nose, and throat, and can be dangerous to people with respiratory problems. If you smell a strong sulfur odor, move away from the area immediately. Be aware that volcanic smog, or “vog,” can also reduce visibility and affect air quality, especially downwind from the volcano. Inhaling vog can cause respiratory and cardiovascular effects in healthy individuals as well as in people with asthma or other pre-existing respiratory ailments; see International Volcanic Health Hazard Network for futher details.

Heat exhaustion and dehydration are common risks, especially during the hotter months. Drink plenty of water and take frequent breaks in the shade, if possible. Wear light-colored, loose-fitting clothing and a hat to protect yourself from the sun. Be aware of the symptoms of heat exhaustion, such as dizziness, nausea, headache, and muscle cramps, and take action immediately if you experience any of these symptoms. In case of severe heat exhaustion or heat stroke seek immediate medical attention.

Flash floods can occur, especially during heavy rains. Be aware of the weather forecast and avoid hiking in areas prone to flash floods during periods of heavy rain. If you encounter a flash flood, seek higher ground immediately and do not attempt to cross flowing water.

Stay on marked trails and heed any warning signs or closures. These are in place for your safety and to protect the fragile volcanic environment. If you’re unsure about the safety of a particular area, ask a park ranger or other knowledgeable source for guidance. Be particularly cautious near steam vents. The ground around them can be unstable and extremely hot, posing a burn risk. Respect the environment by staying on marked trails, not disturbing the lava rocks, and packing out everything you pack in. Leave no trace of your visit.

Real-world example: I once saw a hiker disregard a warning sign and venture off-trail near a steam vent. The ground gave way beneath him, and he suffered minor burns to his legs. Fortunately, he was able to hike out with assistance, but the incident served as a reminder of the importance of following safety guidelines.

Respecting the Environment and Culture

Hawaii’s lava fields are not only geological wonders but also culturally significant sites. They hold deep meaning for Native Hawaiians, who view volcanoes as sacred places and embodiments of deities, particularly Pele, the goddess of volcanoes. Treat these areas with respect and reverence. Avoid disturbing any cultural or historical sites, such as petroglyphs or heiau (ancient Hawaiian temples). Do not remove any rocks or artifacts from the lava fields, as this can be considered disrespectful and is often against the law.

Learn about the cultural significance of the area you’re visiting and be mindful of local customs and traditions. Some areas may be considered sacred or off-limits to visitors. Respect any restrictions or guidelines that are in place to protect these sites. Avoid making loud noises or engaging in disruptive behavior that could disturb the peace and tranquility of the area.

Support local businesses and organizations that are committed to preserving Hawaii’s natural and cultural heritage. This could include purchasing locally made products, staying at locally owned accommodations, or donating to conservation efforts. By supporting sustainable tourism practices, you can help ensure that these unique environments are preserved for future generations.

Personal experience: On a recent trip, I took a guided tour led by a Native Hawaiian cultural practitioner. He shared stories and insights about the cultural significance of the lava fields, which gave me a deeper appreciation for the area. Learning about the history and cultural significance enriched my experience immensely and helped me to connect with the land in a more meaningful way.

Capturing the Moment: Photography Tips

Hawaii’s lava landscapes offer incredible photographic opportunities. The contrast between the black lava rock and the blue sky or the vibrant green vegetation creates dramatic and stunning images. However, capturing great photos can be challenging due to the harsh lighting conditions and the wide range of tones and textures.

The best time to photograph lava fields is typically during the early morning or late afternoon, when the light is softer and more diffused. This can help to reduce glare and harsh shadows, and can bring out the colors and textures in the landscape. During the middle of the day, the light can be very harsh, which can make it difficult to capture good photos.

Use a polarizing filter to reduce glare and reflections on the lava rock, and to enhance the colors in the sky and vegetation. A graduated neutral density filter can be helpful for balancing the exposure between the bright sky and the darker foreground. A wide-angle lens is great for capturing the vastness of the landscape, while a telephoto lens can be useful for isolating specific details or features.

Experiment with different compositions and perspectives. Try shooting from a low angle to emphasize the texture of the lava rock, or from a high angle to capture the overall landscape. Look for interesting patterns, shapes, and textures in the lava rock, and use them to create visually appealing compositions.

Be mindful of the environment when photographing lava fields. Stay on marked trails and avoid trampling vegetation or disturbing cultural sites. Do not remove any rocks or artifacts from the area. Respect the privacy of others and avoid interrupting their experience.

Pro tip: I found that using the HDR (High Dynamic Range) mode on my camera or smartphone was particularly helpful for capturing the wide range of tones in the lava landscape. This allowed me to preserve detail in both the bright highlights and the dark shadows. You can also bracket your shots and combine them later in post-processing. Experiment with black and white photography to emphasize the textures and patterns of the lava. With black and white, the absence of color can even further accentuate the ruggedness and contrast of the lava landscape.

Planning Your Trip: Logistics and Costs

Planning a trip to explore Hawaii’s lava fields requires careful consideration of logistics and costs. The Big Island is the primary destination for lava viewing and hiking, so you’ll need to fly into either Hilo International Airport (ITO) or Kona International Airport (KOA). Hilo is closer to Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, while Kona is on the west side of the island and offers more resort options.

Accommodation options range from budget-friendly hostels and campgrounds to luxurious resorts and vacation rentals. Within Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, the Volcano House hotel offers stunning views of the Kīlauea caldera (currently closed due to damages). Camping is also available at designated campgrounds within the park, but reservations are required. Outside the park, the town of Volcano offers a variety of bed-and-breakfasts and vacation rentals. Lodging costs vary greatly depending on the type of accommodation and the time of year, but expect to pay anywhere from $100 to $500+ per night for a hotel room or vacation rental.

Transportation is essential for exploring the Big Island. Renting a car is highly recommended, as public transportation is limited. Rental car prices can range from $50 to $100+ per day, depending on the type of vehicle and the rental company. Be sure to book your rental car in advance, especially during peak season. You can also consider renting a 4×4 vehicle if you plan to explore some of the more remote areas of the island.

Entry fees to Hawaii Volcanoes National Park are $30 per vehicle, valid for 7 days. An annual pass is available for $55. Guided tours are available for those who want a more structured and informative experience. Tour prices can range from $50 to $200+ per person, depending on the type of tour and the duration. Food and drinks can add to your expenses, so plan accordingly. Groceries can be purchased at supermarkets in Hilo, Kona, or other towns. Eating out at restaurants can range from casual eateries to fine dining establishments.

Budget example (per person for a 5-day trip):

• Flights: $500 – $800
• Accommodation: $500 – $1500 (depending on lodging choice)
• Rental Car: $250 – $500 (splitting cost with other travelers)
• Park Entry: $30 (or $55 for an annual pass if you plan on additional visits)
• Food & Drinks: $250 – $500
• Activities & Tours: $100 – $300 (optional)

This translates into an approximate total of $1630 – $3650. This is of course a range. By camping and cooking some of your own meals, you may lower that amount.

FAQ Section

What is the best time of year to visit Hawaii Volcanoes National Park?

The park is open year-round, but the weather is generally drier and more pleasant during the summer months (May to October). However, this is also the peak tourist season, so expect higher prices and more crowds. The winter months (November to April) can be wetter, but the crowds are generally smaller, and the scenery can be even more dramatic.

Are there any guided tours available?

Yes, several tour operators offer guided tours of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park and other lava viewing areas. These tours can provide valuable insights into the geology, history, and culture of the area. Some tours also offer the opportunity to see active lava flows (when available). Look for tours authorized by the National Park Service.

What should I do if I encounter a lava flow?

Lava flows are extremely dangerous and unpredictable. If you encounter an active lava flow, do not approach it. Stay at a safe distance (at least 100 feet) and heed any warning signs or instructions from officials. Be aware that lava flows can release toxic gases, so be mindful of the wind direction and avoid breathing in the fumes.

Are there any restrictions on drones in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park?

Yes, drones are generally prohibited in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. However, permits may be granted for certain research or commercial purposes. Check the park’s website for the latest regulations.

Can I bring lava rocks home as souvenirs?

No, it is illegal to remove lava rocks or any other natural or cultural resources from Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. It is also considered disrespectful to the Hawaiian culture to remove lava rocks from any location in Hawaii. Besides the legalities, many believe removing lava rocks brings bad luck.

References

Hawaii Volcanoes National Park official website

International Volcanic Health Hazard Network

Ready to witness the raw power and beauty of Hawaii’s lava landscapes? Start planning your adventure today! Book your flights, reserve your accommodation, and pack your hiking boots. But above all, remember to respect the environment, heed safety precautions, and embrace the unique cultural significance of this incredible destination. The experience of walking upon earth’s fiery beginnings is waiting for you!