Barbados for History Buffs: Uncovering the Island’s Colonial Past

Barbados, the “Gem of the Caribbean,” isn’t just about stunning beaches and rum punches; beneath the surface lies a rich and complex colonial history, etched into the very landscape. From sugar plantations that shaped the island’s economy and society to the fortifications that guarded its shores, Barbados offers a fascinating journey for history buffs seeking to uncover the stories of its past.

Bridgetown: The Heart of Colonial Barbados

Your historical exploration of Barbados should begin in Bridgetown, the capital city and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Walking through its streets is like stepping back in time, with its well-preserved colonial architecture offering a tangible link to the island’s past.

What to see: Start at National Heroes Square (formerly Trafalgar Square), dominated by the statue of Lord Nelson (older than the one in London), a symbol of British colonial power. From there, explore the nearby Parliament Buildings, an impressive neo-Gothic structure completed in the 1870s, housing the Barbadian Parliament, one of the oldest continuously operating parliaments in the Commonwealth. Pay attention to the stained-glass windows, which depict British monarchs and Barbadian history. Don’t miss the Jewish Synagogue, one of the oldest synagogues in the Western Hemisphere, dating back to 1654 when Jewish people arrived, expelled from Brazil. The Synagogue and its museum paint a vivid picture of the Jewish community’s contribution to Barbadian society.

Getting around: Bridgetown is easily walkable. Consider a guided walking tour to get the most out of your visit. Many tours are available and often include visits to the Garrison Savannah as well.

Garrison Savannah: A Military History Lesson

Just a short distance from Bridgetown is the Garrison Savannah, another UNESCO World Heritage Site. This area offers a fascinating glimpse into Barbados’ strategic importance to the British Empire.

What to see: The Garrison Savannah was once the military headquarters for the British West Indies and boasts a remarkable collection of historic buildings and fortifications. Explore St. Ann’s Fort, built in 1705, now home to the Barbados Defence Force. Although parts are restricted, you can often see the Main Guard building with its clock tower and changing of the guard ceremony (check times in advance). The Barbados Museum & Historical Society is located within the Garrison, in what was once the British Military Prison. It offers exhibits on Barbadian history, culture, and natural history, providing valuable context to your exploration.

Actionable Tip: Attend the Saturday morning farmers market at the Garrison Savannah for an immersive experience (and fresh produce!).

Cost: Entry to the Barbados Museum costs around $15 USD for adults. A guided tour of the Garrison, separate from the museum, will likely have different fees depending on its length and inclusions.

The Sugar Plantations: A Dark Legacy

No exploration of Barbados’ colonial past is complete without confronting the legacy of sugar plantations. These plantations, the engine of the island’s economy for centuries, were built on the backs of enslaved Africans.

What to see: Several plantations have been preserved, offering insight into this difficult period. St Nicholas Abbey, although technically a Jacobean mansion and not an Abbey, is a beautifully preserved example of plantation life; constructed in 1658, it’s one of only three Jacobean mansions in the Western Hemisphere.. Take a tour to learn about the history of the house, see the working rum distillery, and explore the stunning gardens. Another option is Sunbury Plantation House. Tour the great house to see a collection of antique furniture and objects. Understand the daily life of the plantation owners and the enslaved people. Also, consider visiting Arlington House Museum in Speightstown. Although a museum, it provides a comprehensive look inside the lives of people during the colonial era and slave trade.

Tip: Look for tours that specifically address the history of slavery and its impact on Barbadian society rather than simply romanticizing plantation life. Be mindful and respectful during your visit.

Cost: Expect to pay around $25-$35 USD for entry to these plantations, they may include a guided tour and rum tasting.

Speightstown: A Historic Port Town

Speightstown, also known as “Little Bristol,” was once a bustling port town that rivaled Bridgetown in importance. Its maritime history is still evident in its architecture and atmosphere.

What to see: Take a stroll along the waterfront, admiring the historic buildings and imagining the days when ships from Europe and the Americas would dock here, trading goods and passengers. Visit Arlington House Museum, as mentioned previously. The museum is an interactive tribute to Speightstown’s maritime heritage. Consider a snorkeling or diving trip to explore the nearby shipwrecks, remnants of the island’s trading past, and learn about the Speightstown Mural Project where local artist created murals depicting the town’s history.

Getting There: Speightstown is located on the northwest coast of Barbados and is accessible by bus or taxi from Bridgetown.

The Mount Gay Rum Distillery: A Taste of History

Founded in 1703, the Mount Gay Rum Distillery is the oldest continually operating rum distillery in the world. A visit here offers a glimpse into the history of rum production in Barbados, an industry deeply intertwined with the island’s colonial past.

What to do: Take a tour of the distillery, learn about the process of making rum, and sample some of the finest rums produced in Barbados. It is a great way to understand how the plantation history shaped the rum production on the island.

Cost: Tours range in price depending on the package and include tastings.

Churches: Silent Witnesses to History

Barbados is home to numerous historic churches, each with its own unique story to tell.

What to see: St. James Parish Church, one of the oldest churches in Barbados, was founded in 1628. Look for the bell dating back to 1696. It contains historical artifacts and monuments. St. John’s Parish Church stands on a cliff overlooking the east coast and offers stunning views. The church was destroyed by hurricanes several times, with the current structure dating back to 1836. The churchyard contains the grave of Ferdinand Paleologus, a descendent of the last Byzantine Emperor. Christ Church Parish Church is known for its mysterious “moving coffins” in the Chase Vault, a phenomenon that baffled experts for years. The church itself has a long history, but the current structure dates back to after a 19th-century reconstruction.

Respect Advice: Remember that these are places of worship, so dress respectfully when visiting (cover shoulders and knees).

The Gun Hill Signal Station: A Strategic Vantage Point

Located in the interior of the island, the Gun Hill Signal Station was one of a network of signal stations used to communicate warnings of approaching ships to the British military in Bridgetown. It offers stunning panoramic views of the island.

What to see: Explore the signal station, learn about its history, and enjoy the views. The station also features a large statue of a lion, carved out of a single piece of rock by a British officer.

Cost: Entry to Gun Hill Signal Station is typically around $10 USD.

Negotiating Barbados and it’s History

When exploring Barbados for its historical gems, it’s helpful to keep a few practical things in mind:

• Transportation: While renting a car gives you freedom to explore, bear in mind that driving is on the left. Public transportation (buses) is readily available and affordable. Taxis are also an option, but agree on a fare beforehand. Guided tours often include transportation.
• Accommodation: Choosing accommodation near Bridgetown places you centrally for initial sightseeing. Consider options near the south or west coast for relaxation after a long day of exploring.
• Weather: Barbados has a tropical climate. Pack light, breathable clothing, sunscreen, and a hat. Stay hydrated!
• Respectful Travel: Barbados is a proud nation with deep cultural roots. Dress modestly when visiting religious sites. Ask permission before taking photographs of people. Engage respectfully with locals and their stories.

Delving Deeper: Research and Resources

To truly appreciate Barbados’ colonial history, consider delving deeper through research and utilizing available resources:

Online Archives: Explore online archives such as the Barbados Project at the New York Genealogical and Biographical Society, which often contain digitized documents, maps, and photographs related to the island’s past. Look for digitized plantation records, wills, and other primary sources that provide valuable insights into the lives of people who lived during the colonial era.

Local Libraries and Archives: The Barbados National Archives and other local libraries hold a wealth of historical materials. Contact them in advance to inquire about their collections and any restrictions on access.

Books and Academic Articles: Read books and academic articles on Barbadian history. Scholars have produced extensive work on the island’s colonial past, covering topics such as slavery, sugar production, and the development of Barbadian society. Explore the scholarship of historians like Hilary Beckles. The book “A History of Barbados” is a fine reference to the history of this island.

Oral Histories: Seek out opportunities to hear oral histories from Barbadians. Their personal stories and perspectives can offer unique insights into the legacy of the past and its impact on contemporary life.

The Future of Historical Tourism in Barbados

Barbados is increasingly focused on balancing tourism with the preservation of its historical heritage. There are efforts to educate visitors about the complexities of the island’s past and to promote responsible tourism practices. Seek out tours and experiences that support these efforts by acknowledging the darker sides of Barbados’s past instead of sanitizing them.

FAQ Section

Q: Is it safe to explore Barbados on my own?

A: Yes, Barbados is generally a safe island for tourists. However, as with any destination, it’s important to take precautions against petty theft. Avoid walking alone in deserted areas at night, and keep your valuables secure.

Q: What is the best time of year to visit Barbados for historical tourism?

A: The dry season (December to May) is generally considered the best time to visit Barbados, as the weather is sunny and less humid. However, Barbados can be visited year-round. Consider visiting off-season (June to November) for lower prices and fewer crowds, but be aware that this is hurricane season.

Q: Are there any specific etiquette tips I should be aware of when visiting historical sites in Barbados?

A: Dress respectfully when visiting religious sites (cover shoulders and knees). Ask permission before taking photographs of locals. Be mindful and respectful when visiting former plantations, as these are sites of immense suffering and injustice.

Q: How can I support responsible tourism in Barbados?

A: Support locally owned businesses, buy souvenirs from local artisans, and choose tour operators that prioritize ethical and sustainable tourism practices. Learn about the history and culture of Barbados, and be respectful of the local environment.

Q: What currency is used in Barbados?

A: The currency of Barbados is the Barbadian dollar (BBD). US dollars are widely accepted, but you will likely get change in BBD. Credit cards are accepted in most tourist areas.

Q: What language is spoken in Barbados?

A: The official language of Barbados is English. However, many Barbadians also speak Bajan Creole, a local dialect.

Q: Is Barbados expensive?

A: Barbados can be an expensive destination, especially during peak season. Accommodation, food, and activities can be pricey. However, it’s possible to travel on a budget by choosing affordable accommodation, eating at local restaurants, and using public transportation.

Q: Do I need a visa to enter Barbados?

A: Visa requirements for Barbados vary depending on your nationality and many nationalities, including the US, Canada, and the UK, do not require a visa for tourist stays of up to six months. Always check the latest requirements based on your nationality.

References

• Beckles, Hilary. A History of Barbados. Cambridge University Press, 1990.
• Drewett, Peter L., and Mark Brisbane. The Archaeology of Caribbean Plantations. University of the West Indies Press, 2013.
• Handler, Jerome S. A Prone and Rooted Nation: Historical Perspectives on Barbados. University of the West Indies Press, 2012.
• UNESCO World Heritage Centre. “Historic Bridgetown and its Garrison.” https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1376/

Ready to uncover the captivating colonial past of Barbados? Pack your bags, brush up on your history, and prepare for an unforgettable journey into the heart of the Caribbean’s hidden stories. Let’s step back in time, explore the historical spots, and allow the whispers of the past to guide us through the beauty and complexities of this remarkable island. The historical tapestry of Barbados awaits!