Visiting Hawaii is a dream for many, but it’s crucial to remember that it’s more than just a vacation spot; it’s a place with a rich and living culture. Respecting kapu, the ancient system of laws and customs, is essential for being a responsible and mindful traveler. This article will guide you through understanding and navigating sacred spaces and traditions in Hawaii, ensuring your visit honors the spirit and heritage of the islands. It’s not just about what you can’t do, but understanding why certain practices are so important.
Understanding Kapu: More Than Just “Do Not Enter”
Kapu, pronounced “kah-poo,” translates roughly to “forbidden” or “sacred.” But it’s much more profound than a simple “Do Not Enter” sign. It’s a system that governed nearly every aspect of ancient Hawaiian life, dictating social order, resource management, and spiritual practices. Think of it as a framework designed to maintain balance and harmony (lokahi) within the community and with the natural world. Breaking a kapu could have serious consequences, ranging from social ostracism to even death in ancient times.
Today, while the strict penalties are no longer in effect, the underlying principles of respect and reverence remain crucial. Understanding the context behind a kapu helps you engage with the culture in a more meaningful way. It’s about recognizing that some places and practices are imbued with spiritual significance, and respecting those boundaries is a way of showing mahalo (gratitude) for the privilege of experiencing Hawaii.
Sacred Spaces: Heiau and More
Heiau (temples) are among the most important sacred sites in Hawaii. These were places of worship, sacrifice, and governance. They ranged in size from simple family shrines to massive complexes like Pu’uhonua o Honaunau National Historical Park on the Big Island. Each heiau served specific purposes, dedicated to different gods and used for various ceremonies.
Visiting Heiau Respectfully:
- Stay on Marked Paths: Never wander off designated trails. These paths are specifically chosen to minimize disturbance to the site’s energy and integrity.
- Do Not Touch or Climb: Avoid touching or climbing on the stones or structures. These are ancient artifacts that deserve utmost respect. Touching them can be seen as disrespectful and can also damage the delicate stonework.
- Silence and Reverence: Maintain a quiet and respectful demeanor. Speak in hushed tones or remain silent. Remember that these are places of immense spiritual significance.
- Appropriate Attire: Dress modestly. Avoid wearing revealing clothing or swimwear when visiting a heiau.
- Offerings (with Permission): In some cases, leaving a small, respectful offering (like a flower or a leaf) may be appropriate, but always check with a local cultural practitioner or park ranger beforehand. Randomly leaving offerings can be considered disrespectful if not done properly.
- Photography: Be mindful when taking photographs. Some areas may be restricted from photography. If in doubt, ask permission before taking pictures. Consider if your photography style is respectful; avoid posing or staging photos that could be perceived as irreverent.
Many heiau are located on state or national park lands. Check the park’s website for specific rules and guidelines before visiting. For example, at Pu’uhonua o Honaunau, rangers offer guided tours that provide invaluable information about the history and significance of the site. A self-guided tour map will cost you nothing, while activities such as ranger talks are also free.
Beyond heiau, other spaces also hold significant cultural value. These include:
- Wahi Pana (Sacred Places): These can be anything from mountains and valleys to springs and coastlines. Many are associated with specific legends and spiritual powers.
- Burial Grounds (iwi kupuna): Ancient burial sites are considered extremely sacred. Treat them with the utmost respect by staying on marked paths and avoiding any disturbance. Construction projects occasionally unearth these sites, highlighting the ongoing need for cultural sensitivity.
- Petroglyphs (ki’i pohaku): These rock carvings provide glimpses into ancient Hawaiian life and beliefs. Avoid touching or defacing them in any way.
Navigating Customs: Protocol and Etiquette
Respecting Hawaiian culture goes beyond just avoiding forbidden places; it also involves being mindful of customs and etiquette. Here are some key areas to consider:
Aloha and Mahalo: These words are more than just greetings; they embody the spirit of Hawaiian hospitality and gratitude. Use them sincerely and frequently. Show aloha by being kind, considerate, and respectful to everyone you encounter.
Removing Shoes Indoors: It’s customary to remove your shoes before entering someone’s home. Look for a pile of shoes near the entrance as a signal. If you’re unsure, politely ask, “Should I take off my shoes?”
Lei Etiquette: A lei is a symbol of aloha, given as a gift of affection. When receiving a lei:
- Accept it with a smile and gratitude.
- Gently lift the lei over your head and place it around your neck.
- Avoid immediately removing the lei in front of the person who gave it to you, as this can be seen as disrespectful.
- If you must remove it, do so discreetly.
- When disposing of a lei, it’s customary to return it to the earth, such as by hanging it on a tree, burying it, or scattering the flowers in the ocean. Avoid throwing it in the trash.
Talking Story (kanae leo): Hawaiians often share stories as a way of connecting and building relationships. Be a good listener and participate respectfully in conversations. Avoid interrupting or dominating the conversation.
Mind Your Actions on Beaches: Beaches are important gathering places and also hold ecological significance:
- Respect marine life. Do not touch or disturb turtles (honu) or monk seals (ilio-holo-i-ka-uaua), as they are protected species. Maintain a safe distance. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) recommends staying at least 50 feet away from Hawaiian monk seals.
- Avoid walking on coral reefs. Coral is fragile and easily damaged.
- Clean up after yourself. Leave the beach cleaner than you found it.
- Be mindful of noise levels, especially early in the morning or late at night.
Water Rights and Access: Water (wai) is considered sacred in Hawaiian culture, essential for life and agriculture. Respect water sources and avoid wasting water. Access to beaches and shorelines is generally guaranteed by law in Hawaii (public access); however, be mindful of private property and respect posted signs. Avoid trespassing on private land to access the shoreline.
Language Matters: Using Hawaiian Words Respectfully
Learning and using a few basic Hawaiian words can go a long way in showing respect for the culture. However, it’s important to use them correctly and appropriately.
- Pronunciation: Pay attention to pronunciation. Hawaiian words have different meanings depending on how they are pronounced. Online resources and language apps can help you learn the correct pronunciation.
- Context: Use words in the appropriate context. For example, saying aloha is generally acceptable in most situations, but using other words might require more cultural understanding.
- Avoid Appropriation: Be mindful of cultural appropriation. Avoid using Hawaiian words or symbols casually or for commercial purposes without understanding their meaning and significance.
Some useful words to learn include:
- Aloha (love, affection, compassion, greeting)
- Mahalo (thank you)
- ‘Ohana (family)
- Kai (ocean)
- Mauka (toward the mountain)
- Makai (toward the ocean)
Supporting Local and Authentic Experiences
One of the best ways to respect Hawaiian culture is to support local businesses and participate in authentic cultural experiences. This helps to sustain the local economy and preserve cultural traditions.
Buy Local: Support local farmers, artisans, and businesses. Shop at farmers’ markets, craft fairs, and local stores. Avoid buying mass-produced souvenirs that are not made in Hawaii.
Choose Authentic Activities: Opt for cultural experiences offered by local organizations and practitioners. These might include:
- Luau (Hawaiian Feast): Choose a luau that emphasizes cultural education and authentic Hawaiian food and entertainment, rather than just a tourist trap. Check online reviews and ask local recommendations before booking. Make sure they are respectful of cultural practices, such as the presentation of food and the storytelling.
- Hula Lessons: Take a hula lesson from a reputable kumu hula (hula teacher). Learn about the history, meaning, and significance of hula.
- Lei Making Workshops: Participate in a lei making workshop and learn about the different types of flowers and their symbolism.
- Historical Tours: Take a guided tour of historical sites and learn about the history and culture of Hawaii from a knowledgeable local guide.
- Volunteer Opportunities: Consider volunteering with a local organization that is dedicated to cultural preservation or environmental conservation.
Be Wary of Imitations: Be discerning and avoid experiences that are clearly inauthentic or disrespectful to Hawaiian culture. Look for signs of cultural sensitivity and authenticity in the way the activity is presented and conducted.
For instance, consider visiting the Polynesian Cultural Center (PCC) in Oahu. While it is undeniably a tourist attraction, it does attempt to showcase the diverse cultures of Polynesia, including Hawaii, in a respectful and educational manner. However, even at PCC, critically evaluate the presentations and be mindful of how they are presented. Tickets can range from $90-$250 depending on the package, so it’s an investment, but it does provide exposure to various Polynesian cultures.
Before You Go: Research and Preparation
A little research before your trip can make a big difference in your ability to appreciate and respect Hawaiian culture.
Read Books and Articles: Learn about the history, culture, and traditions of Hawaii. There are many excellent books and articles available online and in libraries.
Watch Documentaries: Watch documentaries about Hawaiian culture and history. This can give you a deeper understanding of the issues facing the Hawaiian community today.
Talk to Locals: If you have the opportunity, talk to local people and ask them about their experiences and perspectives. Be respectful and listen carefully to what they have to say.
Check Official Websites: Visit the websites of the Hawaii Tourism Authority, the National Park Service, and other relevant organizations for information about cultural protocols and guidelines.
Real-World Examples: Learning from Mistakes and Successes
There have been instances where tourists have unknowingly disrespected Hawaiian culture, such as climbing on sacred sites, touching protected marine life, or disregarding local customs. These incidents highlight the importance of education and awareness. On the other hand, there are countless stories of visitors who have embraced Hawaiian culture and formed meaningful connections with local people. These experiences demonstrate the transformative power of cultural exchange and mutual respect.
For example, incidents of tourists harassing monk seals on beaches have led to increased awareness campaigns and stricter enforcement of regulations. Similarly, concerns about the impact of tourism on sacred sites have prompted authorities to restrict access to certain areas and implement educational programs.
Ongoing Learning: A Commitment to Cultural Sensitivity
Respecting Hawaiian culture is not a one-time event; it’s an ongoing learning process. Continue to educate yourself and be open to new experiences and perspectives. Be willing to learn from your mistakes and strive to be a more mindful and respectful traveler.
Attend community events, such as cultural festivals and workshops. Support local organizations that are dedicated to cultural preservation and environmental conservation. Most importantly, listen to the voices of the Hawaiian people and amplify their stories.
FAQ Section
Q: What if I accidentally break a kapu?
A: The most important thing is to acknowledge your mistake and apologize. If you are unsure what to do, ask a local for guidance. Sincere remorse and a willingness to learn can go a long way in mitigating any offense.
Q: Is it okay to wear a flower in my hair?
A: Yes, it is generally acceptable to wear a flower in your hair. Traditionally, a flower worn on the right side indicates that you are single, while a flower worn on the left side indicates that you are taken. However, these traditions are not strictly enforced, and most people will not assume anything based on which side you wear your flower.
Q: How can I find reputable cultural experiences?
A: Ask for recommendations from local people or check online reviews. Look for activities that are offered by local organizations and practitioners, and that emphasize cultural education and authenticity. Check if the business has a history of community involvement. A good sign is if they reinvest back into the local community in some way.
Q: Are there specific times of year that are more sensitive to cultural practices?
A: While respect is always important, certain times of the year, particularly during cultural festivals like Aloha Week or King Kamehameha Day, might see greater emphasis on traditional practices and observances. During these times, it’s especially important to be mindful and respectful of cultural protocols.
Q: What if I see someone else disrespecting Hawaiian culture?
A: Approach the situation with kindness and compassion. Gently explain why their actions are disrespectful and offer guidance on how to be more culturally sensitive. Avoid being confrontational or judgmental.
References
Hawaii Tourism Authority.
National Park Service.
NOAA Fisheries.
Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Samuel H. Elbert. Hawaiian Dictionary. University of Hawaii Press, 1986.
Your trip to Hawaii can be more than just a vacation. By understanding and respecting kapu and other cultural traditions, you can contribute to the preservation of this unique heritage and create a more meaningful and enriching experience for yourself and for the local community. Embrace the spirit of aloha, be a responsible traveler, and leave Hawaii a better place than you found it. Start planning your culturally sensitive Hawaiian adventure today!
