Forget the crowded beaches and luaus – Hawaii holds a secret world beneath its volcanic surface: lava tubes. These subterranean tunnels, formed by flowing lava, offer a unique and thrilling adventure for those willing to venture off the beaten path. Let’s dive into exploring these incredible formations found across the islands, from accessible caves to more challenging explorations.
The Allure of Lava Tubes
Lava tubes are essentially natural caves formed when the surface of a lava flow cools and hardens, while molten lava continues to flow beneath. This creates a tunnel. After the eruption ceases, the lava drains away, leaving behind an empty tube. These tubes can range in size from a few feet to tens of feet in diameter, and can extend for miles. The appeal lies in the sheer geological wonder – witnessing the solidified pathways of ancient lava flows. But it’s more than just rocks; the temperature inside the tubes remains relatively constant, usually cooler than the surface, offering welcome respite on a hot Hawaiian day. Some tubes even host unique ecosystems, with specialized cave-dwelling creatures adapting to the darkness.
Lava Tube Hotspots: Island by Island
While lava tubes exist on all the major Hawaiian Islands, they are most prevalent on the Big Island, due to its active volcanism. However, O’ahu also offers easily accessible, documented lava tubes.
Hawai’i Island (The Big Island): The Lava Tube King
The Big Island is THE place for lava tube exploration in Hawaii. Here’s a breakdown of a few of the most accessible and interesting spots:
Kazumura Cave
Kazumura Cave is one of the longest and deepest lava tubes in the world! Though only accessible through guided tours, the experience offers an incredible insight into the cave’s formation and unique ecosystem. The tours, conducted by experienced speleologists, cater to different skill levels. This is NOT a walk-through tourist attraction; this is genuine caving.
Cost: Expect tour prices to range from $100 to $200+ depending on the length and type of tour.
Directions: Kazumura Cave is located in Volcano, near Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Exact directions will be provided upon booking a tour.
Recommendations: Book well in advance. The tours often fill up quickly, especially during peak season (summer and holidays). Bring sturdy closed-toe shoes, long pants, and a light jacket as the cave can be cool and damp.
For more information about tours, find it here: Kazumura Cave Tours.
Thurston Lava Tube (Nāhuku)
Located within Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Thurston Lava Tube (Nāhuku) is by far the most accessible lava tube on the Big Island. It’s a well-lit, paved walk-through experience, suitable for all ages and abilities. Expect crowds, especially during the day. However, visiting early in the morning or later in the afternoon can help you avoid the worst of the congestion.
Cost: Entrance to Thurston Lava Tube is included with your Hawaii Volcanoes National Park entrance fee ($30 per vehicle, valid for 7 days).
Directions: Follow the signs within Hawaii Volcanoes National Park to Thurston Lava Tube. There is a dedicated parking area nearby.
Recommendations: Bring a flashlight, even though the tube is lit. Look for ferns and other vegetation growing near the entrance, fueled by the constant moisture. Explore the short loop trail through the rainforest surrounding the lava tube for a bonus nature experience.
Learn more about Thurston Lava Tube: Nāhuku (Thurston Lava Tube) official page.
Kaumana Caves
Kaumana Caves, located just outside Hilo, offers a more rugged and adventurous experience. The caves are essentially skylights into a longer, unnamed lava tube system. You’ll need a good flashlight and sturdy shoes to navigate the uneven terrain. Be prepared for mud and dripping water. This is a great option for those who want a little more “wild” exploration without the cost of a guided tour.
Cost: Free!
Directions: From Hilo, take Kaumana Drive (Highway 190) west for approximately 3.6 miles. The entrance to the caves will be on your right, marked by a small sign and a parking area.
Recommendations: Bring at least two sources of light – a headlamp is highly recommended. Wear shoes you don’t mind getting muddy. Be aware that flash floods can occur in the area, especially after heavy rain. Avoid entering the caves if it is raining. It is advisable to bring protective gear, such as a helmet.
Kipuka Kanohina Cave
Located closer to Volcanoes National Park on private land, Kipuka Kanohina Cave is a wilder, more undeveloped experience. Tours are available from various local guides, typically offering a more personalized and in-depth look at the cave’s geology and history. Expect a moderate level of physical activity, including some crawling and squeezing.
Cost: These tours are available from $75, prices depend on the tour operator and the length of the tour.
Directions: Book a tour to get exact meeting location.
Recommendations: Look for reliable tour operators with good reviews and safety records. Inquire about the physical demands of the tour before booking. This tour requires a higher level of physical fitness.
O’ahu: Accessible Underground Wonders
While the Big Island steals the spotlight, O’ahu also harbors a few accessible lava tubes, though they are not quite as extensive. Most do not have confirmed and documented accessibility, but these spots are known:
Puu o Mahuka Heiau State Historic Site
North Shore near Pupukea. A smaller lava tube with a small entrance. Located behind Puu o Mahuka Heiau.
Cost: Free entry!
Directions: From Kamehameha Hwy/83, turn inland onto Pupukea Rd. Follow Pupukea Rd to the T intersection at Opana Rd, and turn left. Follow Opana Rd about 0.7 miles until you see the Puu o Mahuka Heiau parking lot on the right.
Recommendations: Make sure to bring hiking shoes and a flashlight.
Other potential spots around O’ahu:
Lava tubes are documented on O’ahu, although many are on private property or not easily accessible. Do not trespass and always be cautious when exploring any undocumented location. Research and ask locals for information before venturing into any unknown cave. Information is scarce but rumors exist of possible lava tubes near Diamond Head, but are likely blocked or inaccessible.
Disclaimer about O’ahu: Always proceed with caution, respect private property (where applicable), and do not enter caves that seem unsafe or unstable. While Hawai’i is regarded as safe, some O’ahu sites can be more dangerous due it being an easier target for petty crime, theft, so assess your situation/environment. Bring a friend and let others know of your plans to explore these locations.
Safety First: Essential Tips for Lava Tube Exploration
Lava tube exploration can be an exciting adventure, but it’s crucial to prioritize safety. Here’s a comprehensive list of tips to keep in mind:
- Never go alone. Explore with a buddy or as part of a guided tour. An injury in a lava tube can quickly become serious if you’re by yourself.
- Tell someone where you’re going and when you expect to be back. This is standard safety advice for any outdoor activity, but it’s especially important when entering a confined space.
- Wear sturdy, closed-toe shoes with good traction. The floors of lava tubes are often uneven, slippery, and covered in loose rocks.
- Bring multiple light sources. A headlamp is ideal, as it leaves your hands free. Always carry a backup flashlight with fresh batteries. Darkness can disorient you quickly.
- Wear a helmet. Low ceilings and sharp rocks are common hazards in lava tubes. A helmet can protect you from head injuries.
- Wear long pants and sleeves. This will protect your skin from scrapes and scratches against the rough lava walls.
- Bring plenty of water and snacks. You can quickly become dehydrated and tired, especially during more strenuous exploration.
- Be aware of your surroundings. Watch out for low ceilings, sharp rocks, and unstable ground. Stick to marked trails when available.
- Check the weather forecast before you go. Avoid entering lava tubes during or after heavy rain, as flash floods can occur.
- Respect the environment. Leave no trace behind. Do not touch or disturb any formations or wildlife.
- Be aware of potential hazards. Lava tubes can contain hidden pits, cracks, and unstable areas. Be cautious and pay attention to your surroundings.
- Watch out for feral animals. Cats are common, and while they are not normally aggressive, use caution.
Understanding Cave Ecosystems: Respect the Delicate Balance
Lava tubes can support unique and fragile ecosystems. Some caves are home to invertebrates like cave crickets, spiders, and even eyeless shrimp that have adapted to the perpetual darkness. These creatures are often highly specialized and vulnerable to disturbance. It’s also crucial to respect the geological formations. Formations like lava stalactites and stalagmites can take centuries to form and are easily damaged. Avoid touching or breaking or removing any formations or harassing any wildlife. The best way to protect these delicate ecosystems is to minimize your impact and leave everything as you found it.
Essential Gear List for Lava Tube Exploration: Be Prepared!
Having the right gear can make or break your lava tube adventure. Here’s a comprehensive checklist:
- Sturdy Hiking Boots: Ankle support and good grip are essential.
- Headlamp: A hands-free light source is crucial. Also bring extra batteries!
- Flashlight: A backup light source in case your headlamp fails.
- Helmet: Protects your head from bumps and scrapes.
- Backpack: To carry water, snacks, and other essentials.
- Water Bottles or Hydration Pack: Staying hydrated is essential.
- Snacks: Energy bars, trail mix, or other non-perishable snacks.
- First-Aid Kit: Include essentials like bandages, antiseptic wipes, pain relievers, and blister treatment.
- Navigation Tools: GPS device or compass. But cell service may be unavailable!
- Camera: Capture the incredible sights! Be mindful of battery life.
- Gloves (Optional): Can provide extra grip and protection for your hands.
- Long Pants and Long-Sleeved Shirt: Protects against scrapes, scratches, and insects.
Beyond the Lava: Exploring the Surrounding Areas
Lava tube exploration can be combined with other activities to create a well-rounded Hawaiian adventure. For example, a trip to Thurston Lava Tube can be easily combined with hiking in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, exploring volcanic craters, or visiting the Jaggar Museum to learn more about the island’s geology. While visiting Kaumana Caves, you can check out Rainbow Falls or Akaka Falls State Park. For Oahu, hiking the North Shore or experiencing the surf at Pipeline Beach.
FAQ Section: Your Lava Tube Questions Answered
Here are some frequently asked questions to help you plan your lava tube adventure:
Are lava tubes dangerous?
Lava tubes can be dangerous if you are not prepared or careful. Hazards include uneven terrain, low ceilings, sharp rocks, darkness, and potential flash floods. By following safety guidelines and using common sense, you can minimize the risks and enjoy a safe and memorable experience.
What is the best time to visit lava tubes?
This depends on the specific lava tube. Thurston Lava Tube is open during daylight hours, but it can get crowded. Kaumana Caves is accessible at any time, but it’s best to visit during daylight for better visibility. Guided tours like Kazumura Cave often have specific tour times.
Do I need a permit to explore lava tubes?
No permit is required to explore Thurston Lava Tube or Kaumana Caves. However, some lava tubes are located on private property, and you will need permission from the landowner to access them. Guided tours often include the necessary permits.
Can I explore lava tubes with kids?
Thurston Lava Tube is suitable for kids of all ages, as it is a well-lit and paved walk-through experience. Kaumana Caves is more challenging and may not be suitable for very young children. Guided tours can sometimes accommodate children, but it’s best to check with the tour operator in advance.
What should I wear when exploring lava tubes?
Wear sturdy, closed-toe shoes, long pants, and a long-sleeved shirt to protect your skin from scrapes and scratches. A helmet is also recommended, especially for more challenging caves.
Can I bring my pet into lava tubes?
Pets are generally not allowed in Thurston Lava Tube or most other lava tubes. Check the specific rules for each location before bringing your pet.
References
National Park Service – Hawaii Volcanoes National Park (nps.gov)
Kazumura Cave Tours
So, are you ready to trade the crowded beaches for an underground adventure? Exploring Hawaii’s lava tubes offers a unique perspective on the islands’ volcanic history and a chance to experience a side of Hawaii that most tourists never see. Pack your sense of adventure, your sturdy shoes, and your trusty headlamp, and get ready to discover the hidden wonders beneath the surface. Just remember to respect the environment, prioritize safety, and leave no trace behind. Time to ditch the sun lounger and embrace the subterranean magic!
