The Big Island of Hawaii offers unparalleled volcanic experiences, from challenging hikes across solidified lava fields and thrilling helicopter tours over active volcanoes to witnessing the raw power of flowing lava. It’s an adventure unlike any other, a chance to connect with the earth’s fiery heart. Get ready to explore Kilauea and Mauna Loa in ways you never thought possible! Let’s dive in and plan your unforgettable volcano adventure.
Understanding Volcanoes National Park
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park is the epicenter of volcanic activity on the Big Island. It’s a UNESCO World Heritage Site and an International Biosphere Reserve, protecting some of the most unique geological, biological, and cultural landscapes on earth. Before you head out, understanding the park’s layout and recent volcanic history is key. The park has experienced significant changes due to recent eruptions. For instance, the 2018 eruption of Kilauea dramatically altered the summit area, collapsing the caldera and creating a much larger Halema’uma’u crater. Always check the official National Park Service website for current conditions, alerts, and closures. They provide up-to-date information on trail access, air quality, and potential hazards. Understanding the volcanic hazard zones is also vital for safety; these zones indicate areas with varying levels of risk from lava flows, volcanic gas emissions, and ground deformation.
Planning Your Visit to the Park
A little planning goes a long way in maximizing your volcano adventure. First, consider the time of year. The weather on the Big Island can vary dramatically depending on elevation. The summit of Mauna Loa can be quite cold, even in summer, while lower elevations near the coast are typically warm and sunny. Pack layers of clothing to be prepared for all conditions. Next, think about transportation. While the Big Island has a public transportation system, it’s not very efficient for exploring the park. Renting a car is highly recommended to give you the freedom to explore at your own pace. Four-wheel drive is not typically necessary for most park roads, but it’s helpful if you plan to explore off-the-beaten-path areas. Lastly, book accommodations in advance, especially during peak season. Options range from hotels and vacation rentals in Volcano Village, just outside the park entrance, to campsites within the park.
Park Entrance Fees and Hours
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park charges an entrance fee. As of my last update, a private vehicle pass costs $30 and is valid for 7 days. You can also purchase an “America the Beautiful” pass for $80, which grants access to all national parks and federal recreational lands for a year; this is a great option if you plan to visit multiple parks. The park is generally open 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, but certain areas may be closed due to volcanic activity or maintenance. The Kilauea Visitor Center, a great place to start your visit, is typically open from 9 AM to 5 PM, but hours can change, so double-check before you go. You can pay entrance fees online in advance through the recreation.gov website, which can save you time when you arrive.
Must-Do Hiking Experiences
Hiking within Hawaii Volcanoes National Park is an unforgettable experience. From easy strolls through lush rainforests to challenging treks across hardened lava flows, there’s a hike for every fitness level and interest.
Kilauea Iki Trail
This is one of the park’s most popular and rewarding hikes. The Kilauea Iki Trail is a moderate 4-mile loop that takes you down into the crater of Kilauea Iki, which erupted spectacularly in 1959. You’ll start by hiking through a lush rainforest, then descend onto the solidified lava lake. Walking across the crater floor is an otherworldly experience, with steam vents hissing and cracking under your feet. The contrast between the vibrant rainforest and the desolate lava landscape is truly striking. The trail is well-maintained, but sturdy hiking shoes are recommended. Allow 2-3 hours to complete the hike. Parking at the trailhead can be limited, especially during peak hours, so arrive early. Be prepared for varying weather conditions – it can be sunny and hot on the crater floor, but cool and misty in the rainforest.
Thurston Lava Tube (Nāhuku)
The Thurston Lava Tube, also known as Nāhuku, is an easily accessible lava tube formed about 500 years ago. A short, paved trail leads through a verdant rainforest to the entrance of the tube. The lava tube itself is lit, making it easy to explore the smooth, cave-like interior. It’s a relatively quick excursion, taking only about 30 minutes. The rainforest around the lava tube is also worth exploring. Look for native birds like the ‘apapane and ‘i’iwi. Parking can be tight, so arriving early is again recommended. The lava tube is a great option for families with young children or anyone looking for an easy and accessible volcanic experience.
Devastation Trail
As the name suggests, the Devastation Trail offers a stark reminder of the power of volcanic eruptions. This short, paved trail winds through a landscape that was buried by cinder and ash during the 1959 eruption of Kilauea Iki. The contrast between the barren landscape and the resilient ‘ōhi’a trees trying to re-establish themselves is powerful. The trail is less than a mile long and is suitable for all fitness levels. Interpretive signs along the way explain the effects of the eruption and the ongoing process of ecological succession. This is a great option for a quick and educational stop within the park.
Halema’uma’u Crater Rim Trail (Portions)
While the entire Halema’uma’u Crater Rim Trail is not currently accessible due to volcanic activity and associated hazards, portions of it are open and offer incredible views of the Kilauea caldera. Check the park’s website for current trail closures before you go. The portion that is open near the Kilauea Visitor Center provides a safe and accessible way to witness the immense scale of the caldera collapse following the 2018 eruption. Even from a distance, you can appreciate the sheer power of the volcano. The views are especially dramatic at sunrise and sunset. Be prepared for windy conditions and potential volcanic gases.
Chain of Craters Road Hikes
Chain of Craters Road is a scenic drive that descends over 3,700 feet from the summit of Kilauea to the coast. Along the way, you’ll pass numerous craters and lava flows of varying ages. Several hiking trails branch off from the road, offering opportunities to explore different volcanic landscapes. The Pu’u Loa Petroglyphs Trail is a short, easy hike to a field of ancient Hawaiian petroglyphs carved into the lava rock. The Holei Sea Arch is at the very end of Chain of Craters Road; here you can witness a dramatic sea arch carved by the ocean’s relentless power. Keep in mind that Chain of Craters Road is a long and winding drive, so allow plenty of time. Also, there are no gas stations or food vendors along the road, so come prepared with supplies.
Helicopter Tours: A Bird’s-Eye View
For a truly unforgettable perspective, consider a helicopter tour over Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Soaring above active volcanoes and lava fields is an experience that will leave you speechless. Several companies offer helicopter tours from Hilo or Kona. These tours typically last between 45 minutes and 2 hours and provide incredible views of Kilauea, the lava flows, and the surrounding landscape. The cost can range from $300 to $600 per person, depending on the duration and specific itinerary. While expensive, a helicopter tour offers a unique way to appreciate the vast scale and raw power of the volcanoes. Many tours also include narration by knowledgeable pilots who can provide insights into the geology and history of the area. Remember to bring your camera – you’ll want to capture every moment of this amazing experience. Book your tour in advance, especially during peak season. Be sure to inquire about their safety record and environmental practices before booking a tour. Here are a few reputable helicopter tour operators:
- Blue Hawaiian Helicopters: Known for their experienced pilots and commitment to safety.
- Paradise Helicopters: Offers a variety of tours, including doors-off options for more adventurous photographers.
- Safari Helicopters: Provides comfortable and informative tours with large windows for unobstructed views.
Always check current volcanic activity levels as this can sometimes affect flight paths or availability.
Lava Viewing: Witnessing Earth’s Creation
Seeing flowing lava is one of the most incredible experiences you can have on the Big Island. However, lava flows are unpredictable, and their accessibility changes constantly depending on volcanic activity. Unfortunately, surface lava flows are not consistently present in the park. When Kilauea is actively erupting, you have several options for viewing lava, safety permitting:
Lava Boat Tours
When lava is flowing into the ocean, lava boat tours offer a thrilling way to witness this phenomenon up close. These tours typically depart from Pohoiki Boat Ramp and take you to the point where the lava meets the sea. The sight of molten rock pouring into the ocean, creating plumes of steam and black sand beaches, is truly awe-inspiring. These tours are dependent on active lava flows and ocean conditions, so check for availability and current status. Be prepared for rough seas and potential exposure to volcanic gases. Lava boat tours are generally considered safe, but it is important to choose a reputable operator with experienced captains and well-maintained boats. The cost typically ranges from $200 to $300 per person. Make advance reservations as these tours are very popular.
Hiking to Lava Flows (If Possible)
When lava is flowing on land, hiking to the flow field may be an option. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park rangers often lead guided hikes to active flows, providing a safe and informative experience. These hikes are typically strenuous and can involve walking over uneven and rocky terrain. Proper footwear and plenty of water are essential. The distance to the lava flow can vary greatly depending on the location of the eruption. Never attempt to hike to a lava flow on your own without guidance from experienced professionals. The terrain is treacherous, and the volcanic gases can be dangerous. Always follow the instructions of the park rangers. Checking with the park rangers is crucial daily as lava flows are unpredictable.
Jaggar Museum (Now Closed)
The Jaggar Museum, located at the summit of Kilauea, was a popular viewing point for the Halema’uma’u crater. Due to damage from the 2018 eruption, it is now closed. However, the overlook points nearby still provide views of the caldera, though the lava lake (when present) is generally too far away to be seen clearly. However, it is still incredible to witness the scale and scope of the collapsed Kilauea caldera.
Important Safety Considerations for Lava Viewing
Volcanic activity is inherently dangerous, and it’s crucial to prioritize safety when viewing lava. Always heed the warnings of park rangers and follow their instructions. Volcanic gases, such as sulfur dioxide, can be harmful, especially for people with respiratory problems. Stay upwind of the lava flow to minimize exposure to gases. Wear appropriate clothing, including long pants, closed-toe shoes, and a hat. Bring plenty of water to stay hydrated. Be aware of the potential for explosive eruptions and falling rocks. Never approach a lava flow too closely, as the ground can be unstable and the heat can be intense. Always check the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park website for current safety advisories and closures.
Beyond Volcanoes National Park: Other Volcanic Adventures
While Volcanoes National Park is the main attraction for volcanic adventures on the Big Island, there are other interesting volcanic sites to explore as well:
Mauna Kea Summit
While not an active volcano in the same way as Kilauea, Mauna Kea is a dormant volcano and the tallest mountain in the world when measured from its base on the ocean floor. The summit is home to several world-class astronomical observatories, offering a unique blend of science and stunning scenery. The drive to the summit is challenging, requiring a four-wheel-drive vehicle due to steep and unpaved roads. Acclimatize to the high altitude before spending too much time at the summit, as altitude sickness can be a serious concern. The views from the summit are incredible, especially at sunset. Stargazing is also a popular activity. Several tour companies offer guided tours to the summit, providing transportation and narration. The Mauna Kea Visitor Information Station, located at an elevation of 9,200 feet, offers educational exhibits and stargazing programs.
Pu’uhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park
While not directly related to active volcanism, Pu’uhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park offers a glimpse into ancient Hawaiian culture and traditions in a unique volcanic setting. The park protects a “place of refuge,” where lawbreakers could escape punishment by fleeing to this sacred site. The park is located on a lava shoreline and features reconstructed temples, royal grounds, and traditional Hawaiian structures. This is a great place to learn about Hawaiian history and culture while enjoying the beautiful coastal scenery.
Kaumana Caves
Located just outside of Hilo, the Kaumana Caves are a lava tube system that was formed by a lava flow from Mauna Loa in 1881. The caves were opened to the public in 1914 and are now a popular tourist attraction. The caves are unlit and slippery, so bring a flashlight and wear sturdy shoes. Be prepared to crawl in some sections. The caves are a great option for a quick and adventurous excursion near Hilo.
Where to Stay: Volcano Village and Beyond
Choosing the right accommodation can greatly enhance your volcano adventure. Volcano Village, located just outside the entrance to Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, is a popular choice. It offers a variety of hotels, vacation rentals, and bed-and-breakfasts. Staying in Volcano Village allows you to be close to the park and avoid long drives each day. Hilo, located about 45 minutes from the park, is another option. Hilo is a larger town with a wider range of accommodation and dining options. The Kona side of the island, located about 2 hours from the park, is a sunnier and drier area. Staying in Kona allows you to combine your volcano adventure with beach activities and other attractions. Campgrounds are also available within Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, offering a more rustic and affordable option.
What to Pack: Essential Gear for Volcano Exploration
Being well-prepared can make all the difference in enjoying your volcano adventure. Here’s a list of essential items to pack:
- Sturdy hiking shoes: Essential for navigating uneven terrain and lava fields.
- Layers of clothing: The weather on the Big Island can vary dramatically, so pack layers to stay comfortable.
- Rain gear: Rain is common, especially in the rainforest areas.
- Sunscreen and a hat: Protect yourself from the strong Hawaiian sun.
- Insect repellent: Mosquitoes and other insects can be a nuisance, especially in the rainforest.
- Water bottle: Staying hydrated is crucial, especially during hikes.
- Flashlight or headlamp: Essential for exploring lava tubes or hiking in the dark.
- Camera: Capture your incredible experiences!
- Binoculars: Useful for viewing volcanic features from a distance.
- First-aid kit: Be prepared for minor injuries.
- Backpack: Carry your essentials comfortably.
Dining Options: Fueling Your Adventure
Exploring volcanoes can be tiring work, so fuel up with some delicious Hawaiian food! Volcano Village offers several restaurants and cafes serving a variety of cuisines. Kilauea Lodge Restaurant is a popular choice for fine dining. Volcano House, located within the park, offers stunning views of the Kilauea caldera along with a menu of Hawaiian and American dishes. Hilo has a wider range of dining options, from casual eateries to upscale restaurants. Check out Pineapples Island Fresh Cuisine and Cafe Pesto. Don’t forget to try Hawaiian specialties like poke, kalua pig, and shaved ice! Stocking up on snacks and drinks at a local grocery store is also a good idea, especially if you plan to spend long days exploring the park.
FAQ Section: Your Volcano Questions Answered
What is the best time of year to visit Hawaii Volcanoes National Park?
The best time of year to visit Hawaii Volcanoes National Park is during the shoulder seasons (April-May and September-October). The weather is generally pleasant, and the crowds are smaller than during the peak summer and winter months. However, the park is open year-round, and each season offers its own unique appeal. Winter months can be wetter which could affect your exploration if you want to avoid rain as much as possible.
Is it safe to visit Hawaii Volcanoes National Park?
Yes, it is generally safe to visit Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, but it is important to be aware of the potential hazards. Follow the instructions of park rangers, heed all warnings, and stay on marked trails. Be prepared for volcanic gases, unstable ground, and changing weather conditions. Never approach a lava flow too closely. Ensure to have a well charged phone at all times just in case anything happens.
How much does it cost to visit Hawaii Volcanoes National Park?
The park entrance fee is $30 per vehicle, valid for 7 days. The “America the Beautiful” pass, which grants access to all national parks for a year, costs $80. Additional costs include accommodation, transportation, food, and activities such as helicopter tours or lava boat tours.
What are the best things to do in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park if I only have one day?
If you only have one day in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, focus on the highlights. Start at the Kilauea Visitor Center to get an overview of the park. Hike the Kilauea Iki Trail for an unforgettable experience. Explore the Thurston Lava Tube. Drive along Crater Rim Drive and stop at the various overlooks for stunning views of the Kilauea caldera. If you have time check out the Devastation Trail for a shorter easy hike.
Are there any age restrictions to visiting the volcano?
There are no specific age restrictions for visiting Hawaii Volcanoes National Park or viewing volcanoes, but some tours and activities may have their own age requirements. For example, some helicopter tour companies may have minimum age requirements for children. Always check with the tour operator before booking.
References
- National Park Service – Hawaii Volcanoes National Park
Ready to embark on your own incredible volcano adventure? The Big Island is waiting to reveal its fiery secrets. Don’t just dream about witnessing the raw power of nature – start planning your trip today! Book that flight, reserve your accommodation, and get ready for an experience that will change the way you see the world. What are you waiting for? Let the adventure begin!
