Volcano hiking in Hawaii offers an unparalleled experience, allowing you to traverse solidified lava fields, peer into colossal craters, and soak in breathtaking panoramic views. From the relatively easy strolls on the Big Island’s Kilauea Iki Trail to the more challenging Mauna Loa summit ascent, there’s a volcanic adventure for every fitness level. This guide will delve into the best trails, essential preparation, and safety considerations for an unforgettable Hawaiian volcano hiking experience.
Choosing Your Volcanic Hike: Islands and Trails
Hawaii boasts several islands with active and dormant volcanoes, each offering a unique hiking experience. The Big Island, or Hawaii Island, is arguably the most popular for volcano enthusiasts due to its active volcanoes and well-maintained trail system within Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Maui, while known for its beaches, is also home to the dormant volcano Haleakala, offering a stunning high-altitude hiking experience. Let’s dive into some specifics:
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park (Big Island)
This park is a volcano hiker’s paradise. You can immerse yourself in diverse volcanic landscapes, from active lava flows (when present) to lush rainforests flourishing on ancient lava beds. A park entrance fee of $30 per vehicle is required, valid for 7 days. Consider purchasing an America the Beautiful Pass if you plan on visiting other national parks during the year. Here are some of the most popular trails:
- Kilauea Iki Trail: This 4-mile loop is a classic. It starts along the rim of the Kilauea Iki Crater, descends through lush rainforest, and then traverses the solidified lava lake at the crater floor. The descent is steep and can be slippery, so wear sturdy hiking boots. The views are spectacular, especially in the early morning light. Allow 2-3 hours to complete the hike.
- Crater Rim Trail: A relatively easy trail that follows the rim of the Kilauea caldera. This trail offers panoramic views of the Halema’uma’u crater (which is currently active, so views can change), the surrounding volcanic landscape, and the steam vents. The entire trail is about 11 miles, but you can customize short sections to fit your time and energy levels. Jaggar Museum (currently closed due to earthquake damage but potentially reopening in the future) used to be located on this trail and offered a great viewpoint. Check the National Park Service website for current status.
- Thurston Lava Tube (Nāhuku): A short, easily accessible cave, formed by flowing lava. It’s a great option for families and those seeking an easy walk. It can be crowded, especially during peak hours, so consider visiting early or late in the day. Allow 30-45 minutes for this visit.
- Devastation Trail: A paved, half-mile trail that showcases the impact of the 1959 Kilauea Iki eruption. It offers a stark contrast to the surrounding lush vegetation and highlights the power of volcanic activity. Allow about an hour.
- Chain of Craters Road Hikes: This scenic drive descends from the summit of Kilauea to the sea. Several trails branch off the road, offering views of older craters and hardened lava flows reaching the ocean. These hikes typically involve traversing uneven, rocky terrain, so be prepared with appropriate footwear and plenty of water. The Pu’u Huluhulu Crater Trail and the hike towards the Holei Sea Arch are excellent choices. However, keep an eye on park service updates because trail access and volcanic activity can change things quickly.
Haleakala National Park (Maui)
Haleakala, meaning “House of the Sun,” is a massive shield volcano dominating East Maui. Hiking here offers a completely different experience from the Big Island, with a focus on high-altitude landscapes and dormant volcanic features. The park entrance fee is $30 per vehicle, valid for 3 days. Reservations are required for sunrise viewing. Also, remember that the thin air at high altitude requires extra caution and planning.
- Sliding Sands Trail (Keonehe’ehe’e Trail): This strenuous trail descends into the heart of the Haleakala crater. The landscape is surreal, resembling a Martian landscape, with cinder cones, volcanic ash, and vast open space. This trail is steep and exposed, and the elevation can affect your breathing. Be prepared for significant elevation gain on the return. You can hike a portion of the trail as an out-and-back, as a full descent to the crater floor can be a very long and challenging day hike.
- Halemau’u Trail: Another challenging trail descending into the crater. It offers stunning views of the crater floor and the surrounding volcanic landscape. This trail is generally less crowded than the Sliding Sands Trail.
- Hosmer Grove Nature Trail: A short, easy loop trail located near the park entrance at a lower elevation. This trail is a good option for acclimatizing to the altitude and enjoying the unique high-altitude vegetation.
- Hiking from the summit to the Kapalaoa Cabin and on to Paliku Cabin: These longer trails offer a chance to appreciate the sheer size of the volcano and get a feel for the primitive conditions within.
Preparing for Your Volcano Hike: What to Pack and Consider
Hiking on volcanic terrain is different from hiking in forests or mountains. The stark landscapes, variable weather, and potential volcanic hazards require careful preparation. Here’s a comprehensive checklist:
- Sturdy Hiking Boots: Essential for traversing uneven lava rock and providing ankle support. Look for boots with good traction and waterproofing.
- Water: Carry plenty of water, especially on longer hikes and in the hot sun. A good rule of thumb is at least 2 liters per person. Consider bringing a water filter or purification tablets as a backup.
- Sunscreen: The sun can be intense, even on cloudy days. Apply sunscreen liberally and regularly.
- Hat and Sunglasses: Protect yourself from the sun’s rays. A wide-brimmed hat is ideal.
- Appropriate Clothing: Wear lightweight, breathable clothing that dries quickly. Layering is important, as the weather can change rapidly, especially at higher elevations. Bring a rain jacket or poncho, as sudden showers are common. Long pants are advisable in areas with sharp lava rock and thorny vegetation.
- First-Aid Kit: Include essentials such as bandages, antiseptic wipes, pain relievers, blister treatment, and any personal medications.
- Headlamp or Flashlight: Essential for hiking in the dark, especially if you’re planning a sunrise or sunset hike. Extra batteries are a must.
- Map and Compass/GPS: Familiarize yourself with the trail before you start. Carry a map and compass, or a GPS device, and know how to use them. Download offline maps on your phone if possible.
- Snacks: Pack energy-rich snacks such as trail mix, energy bars, fruits, and nuts.
- Hiking Poles: Useful for maintaining balance on uneven terrain and reducing strain on your knees.
- Backpack: Choose a comfortable backpack with enough capacity to carry all your essentials.
- Whistle: For signaling in case of an emergency.
- Cell Phone: While cell service may be spotty in some areas, it’s still a good idea to bring your cell phone for emergencies. Let someone know your hiking plans and expected return time.
Altitude Awareness: If you are hiking at Haleakala or Mauna Loa, be aware of the effects of altitude. Symptoms of altitude sickness can include headache, nausea, fatigue, and shortness of breath. Ascend gradually, drink plenty of water, avoid alcohol, and listen to your body. If you experience any symptoms of altitude sickness, descend to a lower elevation immediately.
Volcanic Hazards: Be aware of potential volcanic hazards, such as volcanic gases (sulfur dioxide), steam vents, and unstable ground. Stay on marked trails and heed all warnings from park rangers. Do not approach active lava flows without proper authorization and guidance. Eruptions can occur with little or no warning. Check the National Park Service website for current conditions and alerts.
Leave No Trace: Pack out everything you pack in. Stay on designated trails and avoid disturbing vegetation or geological features. Respect wildlife and do not feed them. Leave the area as you found it, or even better, leave it cleaner.
Respect Cultural Significance: Many volcanic areas in Hawaii are considered sacred sites by Native Hawaiians. Be respectful of the cultural significance of these places. Do not disturb ancient artifacts or structures.
Guided Tours vs. Hiking Independently
Deciding whether to hike with a guided tour or independently depends on your experience level, comfort level, and the specific trail you’re planning to hike. There are pros and cons to both options:
Guided Tours:
Pros:
- Expert Knowledge: Guides provide valuable information about the geology, history, and culture of the area.
- Safety: Guides are trained in first aid and emergency procedures. They can also assess potential hazards and make informed decisions about route selection.
- Convenience: Tours often include transportation, meals, and equipment.
- Access to Restricted Areas: Some tours have permits to access areas that are not open to the general public.
- Meet Other Hikers: Guided tours offer a chance to meet and interact with other like-minded individuals.
Cons:
- Cost: Guided tours can be expensive.
- Fixed Itinerary: You may not have as much flexibility to customize your hike.
- Pace: You’ll need to keep pace with the group.
Example: Companies like “Hawaii Forest & Trail” offer various guided hikes within Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, focusing on specific crater experiences or lava tube exploration. Expect to pay anywhere from $150-$300 per person, contingent on the duration and complexity of the route. If you’re particularly interested in lava flows (when active), always confirm the details of this availability when you book. Even if you’re an experienced hiker, a ranger-led walk or volunteer activity within the park can offer valuable insights into the recent volcanic changes.
Independent Hiking:
Pros:
- Flexibility: You can hike at your own pace and customize your itinerary.
- Cost-Effective: You’ll save money on tour fees.
- Sense of Accomplishment: Completing a challenging hike on your own can be very rewarding.
Cons:
- Requires More Planning: You’ll need to research the trail, pack all your own gear, and be prepared for any potential challenges.
- Increased Risk: You’re responsible for your own safety.
- Lack of Local Knowledge: You may miss out on valuable insights about the area.
For Beginner Hikers: If you’re new to hiking, or if you’re unfamiliar with volcanic terrain, a guided tour is highly recommended. It’s also a good idea to start with easier trails and gradually work your way up to more challenging hikes.
For Experienced Hikers: Experienced hikers who are comfortable navigating in remote areas can often hike independently. However, it’s still essential to do your research, pack appropriately, and be aware of potential hazards. Always check with park rangers for any current advisories or closures and let someone know your plans.
Photographing Volcanic Landscapes: Capture the Beauty
Volcanic landscapes offer incredible photographic opportunities. From the fiery glow of molten lava (when present) to the stark beauty of cinder cones and the vastness of volcanic craters, there’s something for every photographer. Here are some tips for capturing stunning images:
- Golden Hour: The hour after sunrise and the hour before sunset offer the best light for landscape photography. The warm, soft light enhances the colors and textures of the volcanic landscape.
- Composition: Use leading lines, the rule of thirds, and other compositional techniques to create visually appealing images.
- Wide-Angle Lens: A wide-angle lens is ideal for capturing the vastness of the landscape.
- Telephoto Lens: A telephoto lens can be used to compress the distance and highlight specific features, such as cinder cones or steam vents.
- Filters: A polarizer filter can reduce glare and enhance colors. Neutral density (ND) filters can be used to create long exposures, blurring motion and adding a sense of serenity.
- Tripod: A tripod is essential for sharp images, especially in low light.
- Protect Your Equipment: Volcanic areas can be dusty and corrosive. Protect your camera and lenses from dust, ash, and volcanic gases. Consider bringing a rain cover for your camera bag.
- Be Patient: The light and weather can change rapidly in volcanic areas. Be patient and wait for the perfect moment to capture your shot.
Safety First: Never compromise your safety for a photograph. Stay on marked trails and avoid approaching active lava flows without proper authorization. Be aware of your surroundings and be prepared for sudden changes in weather.
Sustainable Volcano Hiking: Minimizing Your Impact
Preserving the fragile beauty of volcanic landscapes requires responsible hiking practices. By following Leave No Trace principles, you can minimize your impact on the environment and ensure that these areas remain pristine for future generations:
- Stay on Trails: Staying on designated trails helps to prevent erosion and protect fragile vegetation.
- Pack Out All Trash: Pack out everything you pack in, including food wrappers, bottles, and even biodegradable items like apple cores.
- Leave What You Find: Do not collect rocks, plants, or other natural objects.
- Respect Wildlife: Observe wildlife from a distance and do not feed them.
- Minimize Campfire Impacts: Campfires are generally prohibited in volcanic areas due to the risk of wildfires. If campfires are permitted, use established fire rings and burn only dead and down wood.
- Be Considerate of Other Visitors: Respect the peace and quiet of the area. Avoid loud music or excessive noise.
- Support Local Businesses: Choose local businesses that are committed to sustainable tourism practices.
Example: Instead of buying bottled water, bring a reusable water bottle and fill it up at water stations. Use reef-safe sunscreen to protect coral reefs if you plan on swimming or snorkeling. Choose tour operators that are committed to responsible tourism practices. By making small changes in your behavior, you can make a big difference in preserving the beauty of volcanic landscapes.
FAQ: Volcano Hiking in Hawaii
What is the best time of year to hike volcanoes in Hawaii?
The best time to hike volcanoes in Hawaii is during the dry season, which typically runs from April to September. However, Hawaii’s weather can be unpredictable, so be prepared for rain at any time of year. The winter months (October to March) can bring more frequent and heavier rain, especially at higher elevations. Also, consider that the summer months can be quite hot and humid, especially at lower elevations.
Are there any age restrictions for hiking volcanoes in Hawaii?
There are no specific age restrictions for hiking volcanoes in Hawaii, but it’s important to consider the fitness level and experience of all participants. Children should be able to handle the terrain and distance of the hike. It’s also important to be aware of the potential effects of altitude on children. Always consult with your pediatrician before taking young children on high-altitude hikes.
Are permits required for hiking volcanoes in Hawaii?
Permits are required for some hikes and activities in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park and Haleakala National Park. For example, permits are required for backcountry camping and for sunrise viewing at the summit of Haleakala. Check the National Park Service website for specific permit requirements.
What should I do if I encounter a lava flow? (When active)
Stay away from it. Do not touch, or try to take any lava. Volcanic lava is extremely hot and dangerous. Do not block emergency or official vehicles. Never risk your safety for pictures or videos.
What are the dangers of volcanic gases?
Volcanic gases, such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), can cause respiratory problems, especially for people with asthma or other pre-existing conditions. Sulfur dioxide can also cause eye irritation, skin irritation, and headaches. The concentration of volcanic gases can vary depending on the location, weather conditions, and volcanic activity. Check park service announcements for the latest information; and stay on established paths because dangerous levels of accumulated gases may occur in unventilated areas.
Is it safe to drink water from streams and springs in volcanic areas?
No, it is generally not safe to drink water from streams and springs in volcanic areas without treating it first. The water may be contaminated with bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens. Use a water filter or purification tablets to treat water before drinking it.
How can I find out about current volcanic activity?
Check the National Park Service website and US Geological Survey (USGS) website for the latest information on volcanic activity. You can also check with park rangers or local authorities. Be aware that volcanic activity can change rapidly, so it’s important to stay informed.
References
- Hawaii Volcanoes National Park Official Website
- Haleakala National Park Official Website
- United States Geological Survey (USGS) – Volcano Hazards Program
Ready to embark on your own Hawaiian volcano hiking adventure? Don’t just dream about fiery landscapes and panoramic vistas – start planning! Research your trails, pack your gear meticulously, and book your flights today. Whether you choose the Big Island’s dramatic lava fields or Maui’s serene crater, unforgettable memories are waiting to be made. What are you waiting for? Your volcanic adventure awaits!
