Hawaii’s coral reefs are teeming with life, offering incredible snorkeling and diving experiences. This guide dives into the best spots across the islands, providing practical information to help you plan your underwater adventure.
Oahu’s Underwater Gems
Oahu, the “Gathering Place,” delivers accessibility and variety for snorkelers and divers of all levels. Let’s explore some standout locations.
Hanauma Bay Nature Preserve
What to Expect: Hanauma Bay is Oahu’s most popular snorkeling destination, and for good reason. Its sheltered cove boasts calm, clear waters and a vibrant reef ecosystem teeming with fish. Expect to see diverse coral formations and colorful reef fish like the humuhumunukunukuāpuaʻa (Hawaii’s state fish), butterflyfish, and tangs. It’s ideal for beginners due to its shallow depths and gentle currents. However, it’s essential to prepare for crowds, especially during peak season. The water is generally calm, but currents can pick up outside the protected bay area.
Cost: Entrance fees apply – currently, a reservation is required. Parking is limited and costs extra. Snorkel gear rentals are available, or you can bring your own. Check the official Hanauma Bay website for the latest fee schedule and reservation information.
Directions: Located on the southeast coast of Oahu, about a 30-minute drive from Waikiki. Follow Kalanianaʻole Highway (Highway 72) east.
Recommendations: Book your reservation well in advance, especially if you’re visiting during the summer months or holidays. Arrive early to secure parking and avoid the crowds. Bring reef-safe sunscreen to protect the delicate ecosystem. Consider taking a guided snorkeling tour for a more informative experience. Note that the bay is typically closed on Tuesdays to allow the fish population to rest.
Shark’s Cove
What to Expect: Despite the name, Shark’s Cove is generally a safe and popular snorkeling spot on Oahu’s North Shore. It’s better suited for intermediate snorkelers or beginners with confident swimming skills. This rocky cove is filled with tide pools and shallow reefs, providing habitat for a variety of marine life, including reef fish, sea urchins, and the occasional Hawaiian green sea turtle (honu). Strong currents can occur here, especially during winter months, so always check the surf report before heading out. Visibility can vary.
Cost: Free access. Parking is limited and can be challenging to find, especially during peak season.
Directions: Located on the North Shore of Oahu, along Kamehameha Highway (Highway 83) near Pupukea Beach Park.
Recommendations: Check the surf report and local conditions before snorkeling, especially during the winter months when the North Shore is known for large waves. Wear reef shoes to protect your feet from the rocky bottom. Be mindful of the delicate marine life and avoid touching or disturbing the coral. Snorkel in the designated areas only and stay within your swimming abilities.
Electric Beach (Kahe Point Beach Park)
What to Expect: Electric Beach, also known as Kahe Point Beach Park, is a unique spot known for its warm water and abundant marine life, thanks to the outflow from the nearby electric power plant. (The discharged water is cleaner now than it used to be, thanks to new environmental regulations.) Divers and snorkelers can find amazing visibility and can often spot sea turtles, dolphins, and various reef fish. This spot is more suitable for experienced snorkelers and divers due to potentially strong currents. Some boat tours incorporate Electric Beach as a stop.
Cost: Free. Parking is available.
Directions: Located on the west side of Oahu, near the town of Kapolei. Take Farrington Highway (Highway 93) toward Nanakuli. The beach park is located near the power plant.
Recommendations: Be aware of the currents, especially near the outflow pipes. Enter the water close to the outflow for warmer water and the best visibility. If you are not a strong swimmer, consider using a flotation device. Exercise caution when entering and exiting the water due to slippery rocks. Avoid touching the outflow pipes.
Other Notable Oahu Spots
Other worthwhile snorkeling locations on Oahu include: Waikiki Beach (easy access, good for beginners near the Kapahulu Groin), Sans Souci Beach (quiet and calm), and Kuilima Cove (protected cove near the Turtle Bay Resort). For scuba diving, consider sites like YO-257 Wreck (well-known shipwreck dive) and Makaha Caverns (lava tube formations).
Maui’s Underwater Kingdom
Maui, the “Valley Isle,” boasts some of the most spectacular snorkeling and diving in Hawaii. Here is a selection of places to visit.
Molokini Crater
What to Expect: Molokini Crater is a partially submerged volcanic crater located a few miles off the south coast of Maui. It’s considered the most popular and one of the best snorkeling and diving destinations in Hawaii. The crescent-shaped crater provides protection from strong currents and waves, creating calm, clear waters teeming with marine life. Expect to see colorful coral formations, diverse reef fish, eels, and even the occasional manta ray or whale shark (though less common). Visibility is often excellent, exceeding 100 feet (30 meters) on good days. This is suitable for both beginners and experienced snorkelers as the inner lagoon has shallow depths. Diving is generally along the outer edges of the crater, which plunges to deeper depths.
Cost: Access to Molokini Crater is only by boat tour. Prices vary depending on the tour operator and the type of tour (snorkeling vs. diving). Expect to pay anywhere from $100 to $200+ per person. This typically includes gear, instruction, and lunch.
Directions: Boat tours depart from Ma’alaea Harbor and Kihei Boat Ramp, located on the south coast of Maui.
Recommendations: Book your tour in advance, especially during peak season. Choose a reputable tour operator that prioritizes safety and environmental responsibility. Wear reef-safe sunscreen. Bring a towel, hat, and sunglasses. If you are prone to seasickness, take medication before the tour. Be respectful of the marine life and avoid touching or disturbing the coral. The Molokini Shoal Marine Life Conservation District has some useful information about this place.
Honolua Bay
What to Expect: Honolua Bay, located on Maui’s northwest coast, is a marine reserve known for its pristine coral reefs and abundance of marine life. Snorkeling in Honolua Bay is best during the calm summer months when the ocean is flat and clear. In winter, large waves can make the bay unsafe for snorkeling and diving. You can expect to see colorful reef fish, sea turtles, and vibrant coral gardens. This is a good spot for beginner snorkelers, if the water conditions are good, as the entry is easy from the beach.
Cost: Free. Parking is limited and can be challenging to find, especially during peak season.
Directions: Located on the northwest coast of Maui, just north of Kapalua. Take Highway 30 north from Lahaina. Turn left onto Honolua Bay Access Road just before mile marker 32.
Recommendations: Check the surf report and ocean conditions before snorkeling. Do not snorkel if there are large waves or strong currents. Enter the water from the rocky shoreline on the left side of the bay. Bring reef shoes to protect your feet. Swim out to the reef area for the best snorkeling. Be mindful of the delicate marine life and avoid touching or disturbing the coral. Bring your own gear, as there are no rental shops directly at the bay.
Ka’anapali Beach (Black Rock)
What to Expect: Ka’anapali Beach, located on Maui’s west coast, is a famous beach known for its soft sand, clear water, and stunning sunsets. At the northern end of Ka’anapali Beach is Pu’u Keka’a known as Black Rock, a popular spot for snorkeling. The area around Black Rock offers good visibility and a variety of marine life, including reef fish, sea turtles, and eels. It’s easily accessible from the beach, and the water is generally calm, making it suitable for beginner to intermediate snorkelers. Cliff diving happens here at sunset.
Cost: Free access to the beach. Parking is available at nearby hotels or public parking lots (fees may apply).
Directions: Located on the west coast of Maui, near Lahaina. Take Highway 30 north from Lahaina. Turn right onto Ka’anapali Parkway.
Recommendations: Enter the water from the beach on either side of Black Rock. Be aware of the currents around the rock. Wear reef shoes to protect your feet. Watch out for cliff divers at sunset. Be respectful of the marine life and avoid touching or disturbing the coral. Snorkel gear rentals are available at nearby shops.
Other Notable Maui Spots
Other great snorkeling locations on Maui include: Kapalua Bay (sheltered bay with calm waters), Ahihi-Kinau Natural Area Reserve (lava formations and abundant marine life) and Ulua Beach (popular beach with clear water and good snorkeling). For diving, consider sites like Mala Wharf (sunken pier with diverse marine life) and Five Caves (lava tube formations).
Big Island’s Underwater Paradise
The Big Island of Hawaii, the largest of the islands, offers unique underwater experiences due to its volcanic landscape. Let’s check out its top dive and snorkel spots.
Kealakekua Bay
What to Expect: Kealakekua Bay is steeped in history and teeming with marine life, making it a must-visit for snorkelers and divers on the Big Island. This is where Captain Cook first landed in Hawaii, and there’s a monument to him on the shore. The bay is a Marine Life Conservation District. The underwater environment is truly alive with vibrant coral reefs and a diverse array of fish. Expect to see yellow tangs, parrotfish, butterflyfish, and possibly even spinner dolphins. The water is generally calm and clear, making it suitable for both beginners and experienced snorkelers or divers. Visibility can be excellent, often exceeding 50 feet (15 meters). Reaching the bay itself is typically done via boat tour or a challenging hike. Boat tours offer the easiest access.
Cost: Boat tours to Kealakekua Bay vary in price, typically ranging from $100 to $150 per person. This usually includes snorkeling gear, snacks, lunch, and drinks. Kayak rentals are an alternative, but require paddling across the bay. Hiking down to the bay is free, but requires a strenuous trek down and back up a steep trail. Parking is limited at the trailhead.
Directions: Boat tours depart from Keauhou Bay or Honokohau Harbor. The trailhead for the hike down to Kealakekua Bay is located off Highway 11 south of Kona.
Recommendations: Book your boat tour in advance, especially during peak season. If hiking, wear sturdy shoes and bring plenty of water. Be prepared for a challenging hike. Snorkel in the designated areas only. Be respectful of the marine life and avoid touching or disturbing the coral. Wear reef-safe sunscreen. The Kealakekua Bay State Historical Park provides some useful information about the Bay.
Kona Coast Night Manta Ray Dive/Snorkel
What to Expect: One of the most unique experiences you can have on the Big Island is a Kona Coast night manta ray dive or snorkel. This incredible activity involves swimming with giant manta rays as they feed on plankton attracted by underwater lights. Divers and snorkelers gather at designated sites along the Kona Coast, where tour operators set up underwater lights to attract the plankton. As the manta rays arrive, they perform graceful feeding maneuvers, passing closely by the participants. The experience is both awe-inspiring and humbling. It’s generally suitable for both divers and snorkelers, but participants should feel comfortable in the water and able to follow instructions from the guides. Snorkelers will float on the surface while observing the mantas from above. Divers will observe from a kneeling position on the ocean floor.
Cost: Prices vary depending on the tour operator and package. Expect to pay anywhere from $120 to $200+ per person. This typically includes gear, instruction, and a guide.
Directions: Tours depart from various locations along the Kona Coast, including Keauhou Bay, Honokohau Harbor, and Kailua-Kona Pier.
Recommendations: Book your tour in advance, as they tend to sell out quickly. Choose a reputable tour operator that prioritizes safety and responsible interaction with the manta rays. Follow all instructions from the guides. Avoid touching the manta rays. Wear a wetsuit to stay warm, as the water can be cool at night. The Manta Advocates Hawaii have excellent resources and information.
Captain Cook Monument Snorkel
What to Expect: The Captain Cook Monument is a good destination. A white obelisk marks the spot where Captain Cook fell during a confrontation with native Hawaiians. This area boasts some of the best snorkeling on the Big Island, with crystal-clear water, vibrant coral reefs, and a diverse array of marine life. You can expect to see colorful reef fish, sea turtles, eels, and occasionally dolphins. The area is a Marine Life Conservation District and is easily accessible by boat tour or a challenging hike. Boat tours offer the easiest access.
Cost: Boat tours to Captain Cook Monument vary in price, typically ranging from $100 to $150 per person. This usually includes snorkeling gear, snacks, lunch, and drinks. Kayak rentals are an alternative, but require paddling across the bay. Hiking down to the bay is free, but requires a strenuous trek down and back up a steep trail.
Directions: Boat tours depart from Keauhou Bay or Honokohau Harbor. The trailhead for the hike down to Captain Cook Monument is located off Highway 11 south of Kona.
Recommendations: Book your boat tour in advance, especially during peak season. If hiking, wear sturdy shoes and bring plenty of water. Be prepared for a challenging hike. Snorkel in the designated areas only. Be respectful of the marine life and avoid touching or disturbing the coral. Wear reef-safe sunscreen.
Other Notable Big Island Spots
Other great snorkeling locations on the Big Island include: Kahalu’u Beach Park (easy access, good for beginners), Honaunau Bay (Place of Refuge) (historical site with excellent snorkeling) and Waialea Bay (Beach 69) (beautiful beach with clear water and good snorkeling). For diving, consider sites like Au Au Crater (partially submerged volcanic crater) and Garden Eel Cove (home to many garden eels).
Kauai’s Underwater Treasures
Kauai, the “Garden Isle,” offers a mix of accessible shore snorkeling and boat-access adventures. Let’s explore some standout locations.
Poipu Beach Park
What to Expect: Poipu Beach Park is Kauai’s most popular beach, known for its golden sand, clear water, and playful monk seals. A natural rock barrier creates a protected lagoon, perfect for swimming and snorkeling, especially for families with young children. The lagoon is teeming with reef fish, and you may even spot a sea turtle or monk seal. The lagoon is shallow and calm, making it ideal for beginner snorkelers. Outside the lagoon, the water can be a bit rougher, but there are still plenty of opportunities for snorkeling and diving. The beach is lifeguarded.
Cost: Free access. Parking is available, but can be limited during peak season.
Directions: Located on the south shore of Kauai, near the town of Koloa.
Recommendations: Arrive early to secure parking. Snorkel within the lagoon area for calmest water. Be aware of currents outside the lagoon. Bring your own gear, or rent from nearby shops. Be respectful of the monk seals and maintain a safe distance. The Kauai County Parks & Recreation website has information on all beaches.
Tunnels Beach (Makua Beach)
What to Expect: Tunnels Beach, also known as Makua Beach, is a world-renowned snorkeling and diving destination located on Kauai’s north shore. This beach is known for its dramatic mountain views, pristine coral reefs, and abundant marine life. The “tunnels” themselves are lava tubes that create underwater caves and formations. You can expect to see colorful reef fish, sea turtles, eels, and a variety of coral species. The outer reef is accessible to divers and experienced snorkelers, while the inner reef is suitable for beginners, especially in calm conditions.
Cost: Free access. Parking is limited and can be a challenge to find. Go early or be fortunate!
Directions: Located on the north shore of Kauai, near the town of Haena. Take Highway 560 west past Hanalei. The beach is located near the end of the road.
Recommendations: Check the surf report and ocean conditions before snorkeling or diving. Large waves and strong currents can occur, especially during the winter months. Enter the water from the sandy beach area. Be aware of the sharp coral. Stay within your swimming abilities. Be respectful of the marine life and avoid touching or disturbing the coral. Bring your own gear as there is limited availability.
Ke’e Beach
What to Expect: Ke’e Beach marks the end of Highway 560 on Kauai’s north shore and the start of the Kalalau Trail. This beach is known for its stunning beauty, calm waters during the summer months, and access to some of Kauai’s most dramatic scenery. Snorkeling at Ke’e Beach is best during the summer months when the ocean is calm and clear. You can expect to see reef fish, sea turtles, and coral. This spot is recommended for beginners, but it’s essential to check the conditions.
Cost: Access to Ke’e Beach requires advance reservations. Check the Go Haena website for reservation process and costs. Parking is limited.
Directions: Located at the end of Highway 560 on Kauai’s north shore.
Recommendations: Make reservations well in advance. Arrive early to secure parking. Check the surf report and ocean conditions before snorkeling. Swim close to shore. Be respectful of other visitors. Be mindful of the fragile environment and avoid touching or disturbing the coral.
Other Notable Kauai Spots
Other worthwhile snorkeling locations on Kauai include: Lydgate Beach Park (protected lagoon, excellent for families), Anini Beach (long, protected reef) and Lawai Beach (good conditions for swimming). For diving, consider sites like Sheraton Caverns (lava tube formations) and General Store (diverse marine life).
Essential Tips for Snorkeling and Diving in Hawaii
Regardless of which island you choose, here are some crucial factors to consider ensuring a safe and enjoyable experience:
Check the Weather and Ocean Conditions: Before heading out, always check the local weather forecast and surf report. Strong currents, high waves, and poor visibility can make snorkeling and diving dangerous. Websites like the National Weather Service Honolulu offer accurate forecasts.
Use Reef-Safe Sunscreen: Protect Hawaii’s coral reefs by using reef-safe sunscreen. Traditional sunscreens contain chemicals like oxybenzone and octinoxate, which are harmful to coral. Look for mineral-based sunscreens that contain zinc oxide or titanium dioxide. Hawaii banned the sale of sunscreens containing oxybenzone and octinoxate in 2021, so be sure to check the ingredients before you buy.
Respect Marine Life: Observe marine life from a distance and avoid touching or disturbing coral, fish, or sea turtles. Never feed the fish, as this can disrupt their natural feeding patterns.
Use Proper Gear: Ensure your snorkeling or diving gear fits properly and is in good condition. If you are renting gear, ask for assistance from the rental shop to ensure a proper fit.
Know Your Limits: Snorkel or dive within your abilities and experience level. If you are new to snorkeling or diving, consider taking a guided tour or lesson.
Buddy System: Always snorkel or dive with a buddy. This is a safety precaution in case of emergency.
Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water before, during, and after snorkeling or diving. Dehydration can increase the risk of decompression sickness.
Be Aware of Currents: Strong currents can quickly carry you away from your intended location. Be aware of the currents and swim against them if necessary.
Avoid Touching Coral: Coral is fragile and can be easily damaged by contact. Avoid touching or standing on coral.
Learn Basic Hand Signals (for diving): If you are diving, learn the basic hand signals for communication underwater. This will allow you to communicate with your buddy and the dive guide effectively.
Be Aware of Marine Debris: Hawaii’s beaches and ocean can be affected by plastic pollution and marine debris. Help protect the environment by picking up any trash you see and disposing of it properly.
FAQ
What is the best time of year to snorkel and dive in Hawaii?
The best time of year to snorkel and dive in Hawaii is generally during the summer months (May to September) when the ocean is calmest and the visibility is best. However, snorkeling and diving are possible year-round, depending on the location and conditions. The North Shores of the islands tend to have large waves during winter.
Do I need a permit to snorkel or dive in Hawaii?
No, you do not need a permit to snorkel or dive in most locations in Hawaii. However, some Marine Life Conservation Districts may have specific regulations or restrictions. Check the Hawaii Division of Aquatic Resources website for more information. Some locations like Haena State Park require reservations.
What should I do if I see a monk seal while snorkeling or diving?
If you see a monk seal while snorkeling or diving, keep your distance and observe the animal from afar. Monk seals are protected under the Endangered Species Act, and it is illegal to harass or disturb them. Report any sightings or concerns to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
Is it safe to snorkel or dive after it rains?
It is generally not recommended to snorkel or dive after it rains, especially near stream mouths or areas with runoff. Rainwater can carry pollutants and sediment into the ocean, reducing visibility and potentially harming marine life. Visibility can be poor.
What is the average water temperature in Hawaii?
The average water temperature in Hawaii ranges from 75°F (24°C) in the winter to 82°F (28°C) in the summer.
Do I need to wear a wetsuit in Hawaii?
Wearing a wetsuit in Hawaii depends on your personal preference and tolerance for cold. Most people are comfortable snorkeling and diving without a wetsuit during the summer months. However, if you are prone to getting cold easily or plan to dive for extended periods, a thin wetsuit (2-3mm) may be recommended. Night dives require a wetsuit.
Are there sharks in Hawaii?
Yes, there are sharks in Hawaii, but shark attacks are rare. Most sharks are harmless and pose no threat to humans. However, it is always a good idea to be aware of your surroundings and avoid swimming in areas known to be shark habitats, especially during dawn and dusk.
How can I help protect Hawaii’s coral reefs?
You can help protect Hawaii’s coral reefs by using reef-safe sunscreen, avoiding touching or disturbing coral, properly disposing of trash, and supporting sustainable tourism practices.
References
Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources Division of Aquatic Resources Website
National Weather Service Honolulu
Manta Advocates Hawaii
Kauai County Parks & Recreation
Go Haena
Molokini Shoal Marine Life Conservation District
Kealakekua Bay State Historical Park
Hawaii’s underwater world awaits! With careful planning and a spirit of adventure, you can discover the magic of its coral reefs. Remember to respect the environment, prioritize safety, and create memories that will last a lifetime. Don’t just dream about it, book your trip, pack your gear, and prepare to be amazed by the underwater paradise that is Hawaii!
