In Hawaiʻi, the concept of ‘Ohana isn’t just about blood relations; it’s a deeply woven cultural fabric that prioritizes family bonds, mutual support, and collective well-being above all else, impacting every aspect of Hawaiian life from daily interactions to significant life decisions. This core value defines what it means to be Hawaiian, providing a sense of belonging and responsibility that extends far beyond the nuclear family.
What Exactly is ‘Ohana? Going Beyond the Tourist Definition
You’ve probably heard the word ‘Ohana, thanks to Disney’s Lilo & Stitch. But the true meaning goes way beyond “family.” It’s a complex system that encompasses blood relatives, adopted family members (hānai), close friends, and even community members who are considered part of your extended support network. Think of it as a giant, interlinked web of individuals who are there for each other, no matter what.
Important cultural values within ‘Ohana include kōkua (help), aloha (love and compassion), laulima (cooperation), and kuleana (responsibility). These values are constantly reinforced through daily interactions, storytelling, and traditional practices. It’s not just about saying “I love you”; it’s about showing it through actions, offering assistance without being asked, and understanding your role in contributing to the ‘Ohana’s collective success and happiness.
How ‘Ohana Shapes Daily Life in Hawai’i
‘Ohana’s influence permeates virtually every aspect of daily life in Hawai’i. From child-rearing to elderly care, decisions are often made collectively, considering the needs and perspectives of all ‘Ohana members. This collaborative approach fosters a strong sense of unity and shared responsibility.
For example, it’s common for multiple generations to live under one roof or in close proximity. This allows grandparents to actively participate in raising grandchildren while receiving care and support in their later years. This intergenerational living arrangement strengthens family bonds and ensures that traditional knowledge and values are passed down through generations. It isn’t unusual to see aunties, uncles, and cousins involved in everything from picking children up from school to helping with household chores. This communal support system alleviates the burdens of individual family units and allows for greater flexibility and resilience.
Consider this scenario: a young couple struggles to afford childcare. Instead of resorting to expensive daycare, grandparents or other close relatives within the ‘Ohana readily step in to provide care, ensuring that the child is nurtured within a loving and culturally sensitive environment. This not only saves the couple money but also strengthens the bond between generations.
The Role of Hānai: Adoption the Hawaiian Way
Hānai, or informal adoption, is a deeply ingrained practice in Hawaiian culture. It’s the process of giving a child to another family member or close friend to raise. This isn’t necessarily due to the parents’ inability to care for the child, but rather a way to strengthen family bonds, provide opportunities for a child to learn specific skills or family traditions, or fulfill a childless couple’s desire to raise a child. Hānai is done through the consent of all parties involved, and the biological parents typically maintain a relationship with the child.
Hānai emphasizes the importance of collective responsibility and the belief that a child’s well-being is the responsibility of the entire community. It’s a beautiful demonstration of the interconnectedness of ‘Ohana and its flexibility in adapting to the needs of its members. For example, if a family has a child who shows an aptitude for a particular skill, such as traditional Hawaiian crafts, that child might be hānai-ed to a relative who is a master of that craft, ensuring the preservation and transmission of cultural knowledge.
Preserving Culture Through ‘Ohana Traditions
‘Ohana plays a crucial role in preserving and perpetuating Hawaiian culture. Traditional stories, songs (mele), dances (hula), and crafts are passed down through generations within the ‘Ohana, ensuring that these cultural treasures are not lost. Family gatherings, such as lūʻaus (feasts) and birthday celebrations, provide opportunities for these traditions to be shared and celebrated.
For instance, learning to make lei (flower garlands) isn’t just about creating a beautiful adornment; it’s about learning the names and significance of different flowers and plants, understanding the protocols for gathering them respectfully, and receiving mana (spiritual power) from the creation and offering of the lei. These lessons connect individuals to their ancestors and the natural world.
Another example is the sharing of traditional Hawaiian foods. Preparing and eating dishes like poi (taro root paste) and kalua pig (pork cooked in an underground oven) together is a communal activity that strengthens bonds and reinforces cultural identity. Recipes are often closely guarded secrets passed down through generations, further emphasizing the ‘Ohana’s role in preserving culinary traditions.
The Economic Impact of ‘Ohana in Hawai’i
‘Ohana values also have a significant impact on the Hawaiian economy, often fostering a sense of entrepreneurship and community support. Many small businesses in Hawai’i are family-owned and operated, with multiple generations working together to achieve success. Customers often prefer to support these businesses, recognizing the value of ‘Ohana and contributing to the local community.
For example, a family might run a small taro farm, with grandparents teaching younger generations the art of growing and processing taro. This not only provides a livelihood for the family but also ensures the continuation of a traditional agricultural practice that is important to Hawaiian culture. Other ‘Ohana members might then assist with marketing and selling the taro at local farmers’ markets, creating a symbiotic relationship that benefits the entire ‘Ohana.
Furthermore, the ‘Ohana network often serves as a safety net for individuals who are facing economic hardship. Family members are typically willing to provide financial assistance, housing, or job opportunities to those in need, helping them to get back on their feet. This reduces reliance on government assistance and strengthens the community as a whole.
Modern Challenges to ‘Ohana Values
While ‘Ohana values remain strong in Hawai’i, they are facing increasing challenges from modernization, economic pressures, and changing social norms. The rising cost of living, particularly the high price of housing, is making it difficult for multiple generations to live together. Young people are often forced to move away from Hawai’i to find affordable housing and job opportunities, weakening the ‘Ohana network.
The increasing influence of Western culture and values also poses a threat to traditional Hawaiian ways of life. Individualism and materialism are becoming more prevalent, potentially undermining the emphasis on collective responsibility and mutual support that is central to ‘Ohana. It will require conscious effort to maintain the traditions of Ohana.
To address these challenges, it’s crucial to promote policies that support ‘Ohana, such as affordable housing initiatives, job creation programs, and culturally relevant education. Strengthening ‘Ohana also involves actively engaging younger generations in traditional practices, celebrating cultural events, and fostering a sense of pride in Hawaiian heritage.
Visiting Hawai’i? How to Show Respect for ‘Ohana
If you’re planning a trip to Hawai’i, understanding and respecting ‘Ohana values is essential for being a responsible and culturally sensitive visitor. Here are some tips:
- Be mindful of noise levels: Hawaiians value peace and quiet, especially in residential areas. Avoid making excessive noise, particularly late at night or early in the morning.
- Respect private property: Always ask permission before entering private property, even if it appears to be open to the public. Many beaches and coastal areas are owned by local families, so be sure to respect their rights.
- Support local businesses: Choose to patronize family-owned businesses whenever possible. This helps to support the local economy and allows you to experience the authentic culture of Hawai’i. Look for farmer’s markets and local restaurants.
- Learn a few Hawaiian phrases: Even a simple “Aloha” (hello/love) or “Mahalo” (thank you) can go a long way in showing respect and appreciation for the local culture.
- Be aware of cultural sensitivities: Avoid wearing shoes indoors, and never step on someone’s head. These are considered disrespectful in Hawaiian culture.
- Respect elders (kūpuna): Show deference and respect to elders, as they are revered for their wisdom and knowledge. Offer them your seat on the bus or assist them if they need help.
- Participate in cultural activities: Attend a lūʻau or hula show to experience the richness and beauty of Hawaiian culture. Be sure to listen attentively to the stories and learn about the traditions being shared.
- Give back to the community: Consider volunteering at a local organization or donating to a cause that supports Hawaiian culture and education. This is a meaningful way to show your appreciation for the ‘Ohana values and contribute to the well-being of the community.
Remember, being a respectful visitor not only enhances your own experience but also helps to preserve the unique cultural heritage of Hawai’i for future generations. This includes purchasing locally made items, respecting sacred sites, and educating yourself about Hawaiian history and traditions.
Real-World Examples: ‘Ohana in Action
Let’s explore some examples to really understand ‘Ohana in action:
Helping a Neighbor: An elderly neighbor has trouble maintaining her yard. Multiple families on the street pitch in to mow the lawn, trim the hedges, and weed the garden, ensuring she can stay in her home comfortably.
Supporting a Graduation: A recent high school graduate needs help paying for college. ‘Ohana members pool their resources to create a scholarship fund, ensuring the student has the opportunity to pursue higher education.
Providing Care During Illness: A family member is diagnosed with a serious illness. ‘Ohana members take turns providing care, cooking meals, and driving the patient to appointments, relieving the burden on the primary caregiver. This care extends beyond immediate family to hānai relationships and close friends.
Passing Down Cultural Skills: A master canoe carver mentors a young relative, teaching them the traditional techniques and knowledge required to build canoes, ensuring that this cultural art form is preserved.
These examples highlight the practical application of ‘Ohana values in everyday life, demonstrating the power of collective support and shared responsibility.
FAQ Section: Your ‘Ohana Questions Answered
Let’s address some common questions about ‘Ohana:
What if I don’t have a traditional family structure? Can I still experience ‘Ohana?
Absolutely! ‘Ohana extends beyond blood relations. You can create your own ‘Ohana by building meaningful relationships with friends, neighbors, and community members. Focus on cultivating the values of aloha, kōkua, and laulima to create your own support network.
How can I incorporate ‘Ohana values into my own life, even if I don’t live in Hawai’i?
You can embrace ‘Ohana values by prioritizing relationships, practicing empathy, and offering assistance to those in need. Make an effort to connect with your family and friends, participate in community events, and support local businesses. Even small acts of kindness can make a big difference.
Is it okay to ask for help from my ‘Ohana? I don’t want to be a burden.
In Hawaiian culture, it’s seen as a strength, not a weakness, to ask for help from your ‘Ohana. Remember, ‘Ohana is about mutual support and shared responsibility. By accepting help, you’re also giving others the opportunity to fulfill their kuleana (responsibility) to care for you. When you are able, you will in turn offer help to others.
How can I teach my children about ‘Ohana values?
The best way to teach your children about ‘Ohana values is to model them in your own life. Involve them in family activities, teach them about your family history and traditions, and encourage them to be kind and compassionate to others. Share stories that illustrate the importance of ‘Ohana and its positive impact on individuals and communities.
What is the difference between ‘Ohana and a regular family?
While both involve close relationships, ‘Ohana goes beyond the traditional nuclear family structure. It includes extended family members, close friends, and community members who are considered part of your support network. In addition to blood relationships, ‘Ohana often has legal standing.
References
1. Pukui, M.K., Haertig, E.W., & Lee, C.A. (1972). Nānā i ke kumu (Look to the source). Honolulu: Queen Lili‘uokalani Children’s Center.
2. Kamehameha Schools. (2015). Ho‘okahua: Foundations in Hawaiian culture. Honolulu, HI: Kamehameha Schools Press.
3. Handy, E. S. C., & Pukui, M. K. (1972). The Polynesian family system in Ka-‘ū, Hawai’i. Rutland, VT: Charles E. Tuttle Company.
Are you ready to truly embrace the spirit of ‘Ohana? It’s more than just a word; it’s a way of life that can enrich your relationships, strengthen your community, and bring greater meaning to your life. Take some time today to connect with your ‘Ohana, whether it’s your biological family, chosen family, or community network. Offer a helping hand, share a kind word, and let them know how much they mean to you. By embracing the values of aloha, kōkua, and laulima, you can create a ripple effect of positive change in your own life and the lives of those around you. Start today, and experience the transformative power of ‘Ohana.
