Hula is more than just a dance; it’s the heartbeat of Hawaiian culture, a living chronicle passed down through generations. It’s a story told not with words, but with graceful hand movements, swaying hips, and the rhythmic pulse of the drum. It’s a profound expression of connection to the land, the gods, and the ancestors, deeply woven into the fabric of Hawaiian identity.
The Many Layers of Hula: More Than Just a Pretty Dance
Many see hula as simply a tourist attraction, a pretty dance performed with flowered leis. However, scratching beneath the surface reveals a rich and complex art form that carries the weight of history, spirituality, and community. It is a sacred tradition, carefully preserved and passed down through rigorous training and deep understanding. Each movement, each gesture, each chant tells a story. Think of hula as a living library, where the knowledge of the past is kept alive through the bodies of the dancers.
Understanding the Two Main Styles of Hula: Hula Kahiko and Hula ‘Auana
There are two primary styles of hula: Hula Kahiko and Hula ‘Auana. Understanding the differences is crucial to appreciating the depth of this art form. Hula Kahiko, often translated as “ancient hula,” is the older style, rooted in pre-Western contact Hawaii. It’s characterized by its powerful, often dramatic movements, chants (oli), and the use of traditional instruments like the ipu heke (a double gourd drum), pahu (sharkskin drum), and ‘ili‘ili (water-worn stones). Hula Kahiko is generally performed to honor the gods, chiefs, or significant events in Hawaiian history. The costumes are often made from natural materials like kapa (barkcloth), leaves, and feathers.
Hula ‘Auana, meaning “modern hula,” evolved after Western contact. It’s influenced by Western music and instruments, such as the ukulele and guitar. The songs (mele) are typically more melodic and the movements are generally more fluid and graceful. Hula ‘Auana often tells stories of love, beauty, and everyday life in Hawaii. Costumes are often made from modern fabrics and may include floral leis and dresses. Think of Hula Kahiko as grounding and powerful; Hula ‘Auana as flowing and expressive.
The Importance of Mele: The Song is the Soul of the Dance
The mele, or song, is the very heart of hula. Without the mele, there is no hula. The mele provides the narrative thread that the dancers then interpret through their movements. These songs can be about anything from the creation of the islands to the beauty of a particular flower or the adventures of a legendary hero. The lyrics are richly layered with symbolism and kaona (hidden meanings), requiring dancers to not only memorize the words but also understand their deeper significance. Learning a hula is, therefore, a process of learning the song, understanding its meaning, and then embodying that meaning through movement.
For example, a mele about the volcano goddess Pele might describe her fiery temper and destructive power, but also her role as a creator and life-giver. The hula dancer would then use gestures and movements to portray Pele’s strength, her passion, and her connection to the land. This requires a deep understanding of Hawaiian mythology and a personal connection to the story being told.
The Language of Movement: Decoding the Gestures
Each movement in hula has a specific meaning and contributes to the overall story being told. Hand gestures, hip sways, and footwork all work together to paint a vivid picture for the audience. Learning to “read” these movements is key to understanding the art of hula. For example, a hand movement that mimics the gentle swaying of a tree in the wind might symbolize nature’s resilience and beauty. Another movement might represent the cascading waters of a waterfall, signifying renewal and cleansing. The hands, known as lima, are particularly important as they are often used to represent elements of nature, emotions, or actions. The hips, known as pūʻū, provide the grounding and rhythm for the dance, connecting the dancer to the earth. The feet, known as wāwae, are the foundation of the dance, providing stability and connecting the dancer to the ground, reinforcing the connection to the land. It’s important to remember that hula is not just about physical movements, it’s about conveying emotions, concepts, and stories through your entire body.
Finding a Kumu Hula: The Importance of Lineage and Guidance
To truly learn hula, it’s essential to find a kumu hula, or hula teacher. A kumu hula is more than just an instructor; they are a keeper of tradition, a guide, and a mentor. They possess not only the knowledge of the dance movements but also the understanding of the mele, the history, and the spiritual significance of hula. Good kumu hula have a lineage, a line of teachers stretching back through generations. This lineage ensures that the traditions are being passed down accurately and respectfully. Finding the right kumu hula is a personal journey. It’s important to find someone who resonates with you, someone who is knowledgeable, patient, and respectful of the traditions. Consider attending a hula performance or workshop to observe different kumu hula and see which one feels like the right fit. Don’t be afraid to ask questions about their lineage and teaching philosophy. Remember, learning hula is a commitment, and finding the right kumu hula is the first step in that journey.
A good place to start your search is through community centers, Hawaiian cultural organizations, or online directories. Many kumu hula also have websites or social media pages where you can learn more about their teachings and schedule. Be prepared to commit time and effort, as hula is a demanding art form that requires dedication and discipline. The cost can vary depending on the kumu hula and the level of instruction, but expect to pay anywhere from $50 to $200 per month for classes.
The Costumes of Hula: Reflecting the Story and the Spirit
The costumes worn in hula are not just for show; they are an integral part of the performance, reflecting the story being told and the spirit of the dance. In Hula Kahiko, the costumes are often made from natural materials, such as kapa (bark cloth), leaves, and feathers. These materials connect the dancers to the natural world and give the dance a raw, earthy feel. Lei (garlands) of flowers, seeds, and shells are also commonly worn, adding to the beauty and symbolism of the costume. In Hula ‘Auana, the costumes are often more elaborate and made from modern fabrics. Dresses, skirts, and tops are common, often adorned with floral prints and vibrant colors. Lei are still an important part of the costume, but they may be made from artificial flowers or ribbons, depending on the style and the occasion. The choice of costume depends on the mele being performed and the preferences of the kumu hula. However, regardless of the style, the costume should always be respectful and appropriate for the occasion. Taking part in the creation of your own costume can be a rewarding experience, further connecting you to the tradition.
Example: For a Hula Kahiko performance honoring the volcano goddess Pele, dancers might wear skirts made from ti leaves, which are considered sacred to Pele. They might also wear lei made from red lehua blossoms, which are associated with fire and passion. For a Hula ‘Auana performance about a love story, dancers might wear flowing dresses in pastel colors and lei made from fragrant plumeria blossoms. The dresses are often adorned with floral patterns that evoke romantic images.
Hula as Healing: Connecting to the Body and the Spirit
Hula is not only a beautiful art form but also a powerful tool for healing and well-being. The physical movements of hula can improve strength, flexibility, and coordination. The rhythmic movements and chants can also help to reduce stress and promote relaxation. What sets hula apart is its connection to the mana, or spiritual power, of Hawaii. By learning about the history, the mythology, and the traditions of hula, dancers can connect with their ancestors and tap into a deep well of cultural knowledge. The chants, or oli, used in hula are believed to possess healing properties, helping to balance the body, mind, and spirit. Whether you are a seasoned dancer or a beginner, Hula offers so much more than just physical exercise. It is a path to self-discovery, healing, and spiritual growth. The practice of Hula can be particularly beneficial for those seeking to connect with their Hawaiian heritage or to find a sense of belonging and community.
Hula Competitions: Celebrating Excellence and Tradition
Hula competitions, such as the prestigious Merrie Monarch Festival held annually in Hilo, Hawaii, are a vital part of preserving and promoting the art of hula. These competitions provide a platform for hālau (hula schools) from across the islands and around the world to showcase their talent and dedication to the tradition. The competitors are judged on their technique, interpretation of the mele, costume, and overall presentation. Winning a hula competition is a great honor, but it comes along with a lot of pressure and hard work. More importantly, these events serve as a gathering place for the hula community, fostering camaraderie, exchanging knowledge, and reaffirming the importance of cultural preservation. Attending a hula competition, even as a spectator, can be a powerful experience, providing a glimpse into the dedication, passion, and artistry that goes into this ancient art form.
If you’re planning to attend Merrie Monarch, be sure to book your accommodations and tickets well in advance, as they sell out quickly. The festival is held in the spring, typically in April, and tickets can be purchased through the Merrie Monarch website. If you can’t make it to the festival in person, many performances are broadcasted online or on local television stations.
Preserving Hula for Future Generations: A Collective Responsibility
The preservation of hula is a shared responsibility, requiring the active participation of individuals, communities, and institutions. Kumu hula play a crucial role in passing down their knowledge and traditions to future generations. They are the guardians of this ancient art form, ensuring that it continues to thrive. Supporting hula schools, attending performances, and learning about Hawaiian culture are all ways to contribute to the preservation of hula. In addition, recording and documenting hula performances, chants, and traditions can help to ensure that this cultural heritage is not lost. It’s also important to educate others about the true meaning of hula and to combat the stereotypes that often surround it. By working together, we can ensure that the beauty, wisdom, and healing power of hula continue to inspire and enrich lives for generations to come.
Hula Beyond Hawaii: Finding a Connection Wherever You Are
Even if you don’t live in Hawaii, you can still find ways to connect with the art of hula. Many hula schools and organizations offer classes and workshops around the world. These classes can provide an entry point to learning the basic movements, understanding the culture, and connecting with a community of like-minded individuals. Attending Hawaiian cultural events, such as luaus and festivals, can also provide an opportunity to experience hula firsthand. Additionally, reading books, watching documentaries, and listening to Hawaiian music can help to deepen your understanding of the art form. The most important thing is to approach hula with respect and a willingness to learn. By embracing the spirit of aloha, you can find a connection to the culture and tradition of hula, no matter where you are in the world. Consider reaching out to Hawaiian cultural centers and organizations in your local area to find classes or workshops near you. Websites and social media groups are also a good source to find local ‘Halau’.
Example: The Polynesian Cultural Center in Oahu, Hawaii, offers a variety of hula performances and workshops, providing an immersive experience for visitors. They also offer online resources for those who want to learn more about Hawaiian culture.
FAQ Section
What does ‘Halau’ mean?
A Hālau is a hula school or a group of hula dancers. It is led by a kumu hula (hula teacher) and its name reflects the Hawaiian tradition of learning and practicing hula in a communal setting. The Hālau provides a space for students to learn the art of hula, including the movements, chants, history, and cultural significance of the dance.
How long does it take to learn Hula?
Learning hula is a lifelong journey. You can learn basic steps and movements relatively quickly, but truly mastering the art form requires years of dedication, study, and practice. It also involves learning the Hawaiian language, understanding the culture, and connecting with the spiritual significance of hula. Every person learns at their own pace. Consistency is key.
What is the meaning of ‘Aloha’ in the context of Hula?
Aloha is a word with many layers of meaning, including love, compassion, peace, and affection. In the context of hula, aloha represents the spirit in which the dance is performed and shared. It’s an expression of connection, respect, and goodwill towards others. Dancers are encouraged to embody aloha in their movements, their expressions, and their interactions with the audience.
Can anyone learn Hula?
Yes, absolutely! Hula is for everyone, regardless of age, gender, or background. All that is required is a willingness to learn, a respect for the culture, and a commitment to the art form. Of course, physical limitations might affect your ability to perform certain movements, but there are many different styles and levels of hula, so you can find something that suits your needs and abilities.
What should I wear for my first Hula class?
For your first hula class, wear comfortable clothing that allows you to move freely. A t-shirt and shorts or leggings are a good choice. You may also want to bring a pareo (a rectangular piece of cloth that can be wrapped around the waist) or a long skirt. Hula is typically learned bare-foot (no shoes). Check with your kumu hula (teacher) for specific requirements or guidelines.
Where can I watch authentic Hula performances in Hawaii?
Here are some recommendations for watching authentic Hula performances in Hawaii:
- Merrie Monarch Festival (Hilo, Hawaii Island): This is the most prestigious Hula competition in the world, held annually in April.
- Polynesian Cultural Center (Oahu): The Polynesian Cultural Center offers daily Hula performances.
- Various Luaus: Many luaus throughout the islands showcase Hula performances alongside traditional Hawaiian food and music.
- Local Hula Halau Performances: Check with local community centers and cultural organizations for smaller performances by Hula schools.
References List
Barrère, D. B. (1980). Hula, Historical Perspectives. Bishop Museum Press.
Kanahele, G. S. (1979). Ku Kanaka; Stand Tall: A Search for Hawaiian Values. University of Hawaii Press.
Stillman, A. K. (2010). Sacred Hula: The Historical Anthropology of Canonized Hawaiian Dance. Bishop Museum Press.
Ready to embark on your own hula journey? Find a hula school near you, attend a performance, or simply immerse yourself in Hawaiian music and culture. Discover the story woven in movement and feel the spirit of aloha come alive within you. Start exploring today, and let the ancient art of hula transform your life!
