Witnessing active lava flows on the Big Island of Hawaii is an awe-inspiring experience, a front-row seat to the Earth’s raw power. While the landscape is constantly changing due to volcanic activity, several spots historically and currently offer incredible lava viewing opportunities. This guide details prime locations, crucial safety information, and essential tips for an unforgettable and safe experience.
Kalapana Lava Viewing Area
Kalapana, a historic town buried by lava in 1990, often offers accessible lava viewing when Kilauea is actively flowing. The viewing area, typically accessed via Highway 130, changes depending on where the lava is flowing into the ocean. The landscape is raw and powerful, showcasing the devastating and creative force of nature. Keep in mind that accessing this area usually involves a notable hike, ranging from a few miles to more, over uneven lava fields. Conditions are hot, dry, and often windy, so come prepared. The best time to visit Kalapana is at night, when the glowing lava creates a dramatic spectacle against the dark sky. Be sure to check current conditions and advisories before venturing out, as access can close due to volcanic activity or safety concerns.
Directions: From Hilo, take Highway 11 south towards Volcanoes National Park. Then, take Highway 130 east towards Pahoa and continue towards Kalapana. Follow signs to the current lava viewing area parking.
Cost: Usually free, however, there might be small parking fees. Be prepared for a donation.
Tips: Wear sturdy hiking shoes, bring plenty of water, sunscreen, a hat, and a flashlight or headlamp. Respect the environment and stay on marked trails to avoid unstable ground and hidden hazards.
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park is a must-visit for anyone wanting to understand and witness volcanism. Although direct lava access within the park varies depending on current volcanic activity, the park provides a wealth of opportunities to view volcanic landscapes, learn about Kilauea’s history, and potentially witness volcanic activity from a safe distance. The Jaggar Museum (currently closed due to earthquake damage) used to be a prime spot to observe Halema’uma’u crater, but alternative viewpoints within the park still offer impressive vistas. The park rangers provide the most up-to-date information on where to find the best views and any safety precautions that may be in place. The Thurston Lava Tube, a massive lava cave accessible via a short loop trail, provides another excellent insight of the recent volcanic flows.
Directions: The entrance to Hawaii Volcanoes National Park is located off Highway 11, about 30 miles southwest of Hilo.
Cost: There is an entrance fee to the park, which you can pay per vehicle. Alternatively, you can also purchase an annual pass for multiple visits. As of my last update, the current entrance fee is $30 per vehicle, valid for 7 days.
Recommendations: Allocate a full day to explore the park. Start at the Kilauea Visitor Center (reopened on January 21st, 2024) to get the latest information on volcanic activity, trail closures, and ranger-led programs. Hike the Crater Rim Trail for panoramic views, but check for closures due to volcanic hazards. Check the National Park Service website for updates and alerts concerning closures and any current eruption information.
Helicopter Tours
For unparalleled views of active lava flows, consider a helicopter tour. Several companies offer aerial tours of Kilauea, providing a safe and spectacular perspective of the volcanic landscape. From above, you can witness the molten lava rivers snaking across the landscape and flowing into the ocean (if an ocean entry exists). This is often the only way to witness active lava flow given access restrictions on the ground. The duration of a helicopter tour can vary, but most trips last between 45 minutes and 2 hours. Be aware that helicopter tours are weather-dependent and can be canceled or rescheduled based on volcanic activity or visibility.
Cost: Helicopter tours are a premium experience, with prices typically ranging from $300 to $600 per person, depending on the duration and specific route.
Recommendations: Book in advance, particularly during peak season. Check reviews and choose a reputable company with experienced pilots and a strong safety record. Consider a doors-off tour for unobstructed views (if you don’t mind the wind!). Bring a camera with a good zoom lens to capture the details of the lava flow. For example, a local tour, Paradise Helicopters, consistently receives very high ratings, but that’s only an example and is not a recommendation to use one company or another.
Boat Tours
When lava is flowing into the ocean, boat tours provide an exciting opportunity to witness the fiery spectacle from the water. Seeing molten lava meet the ocean creates a dramatic display of steam, explosions, and new land formation. Boat tours usually depart from the Pohoiki boat ramp (in past instances, though current access may vary) and navigate along the coastline to reach the lava viewing area. Be prepared for rough seas and potential delays due to weather conditions, and note that tours are highly dependent on active ocean entries. Boat tours are not always available due to volcanic activity or unfavorable sea conditions. However, when conditions allow, they offer an unforgettable perspective.
Cost: Boat tours typically cost between $200 and $400 per person, depending on the length of the tour and the boat operator.
Tips: Book in advance and check the operator’s cancellation policy in case of bad weather or volcanic inactivity. Bring seasickness medication if you are prone to motion sickness. Wear comfortable clothing that you don’t mind getting wet, and bring sunscreen, a hat, and sunglasses. A towel or light rain jacket might come in handy as well. Choose a reputable company committed to safety and environmental responsibility.
Coastal Lava Hikes (Puna Coast)
Hiking along the Puna coast can offer stunning views of lava landscapes, particularly when lava flows have recently occurred. The trails wind through black lava fields, offering a stark contrast to the lush vegetation nearby. The terrain can be challenging, with uneven ground and loose rocks. It’s essential to wear sturdy hiking shoes and be prepared for hot, dry conditions. While active lava flows may not always be visible on these hikes, the dramatic scenery speaks volumes about the power of volcanism. There are various access points and unmarked paths, so you have to be prepared and know where exactly where you go, or it might be dangerous.
Directions: Access points along the Puna coast typically involve driving on Highway 130 towards the areas affected by recent lava flows. Look for designated parking areas or trailheads. Specific directions will depend on the trail you choose and current access restrictions.
Cost: Hiking along the Puna coast is generally free, although parking fees may apply at certain locations.
Recommendations: Use online sources to read about recent hiking conditions and find marked paths to follow. Stay away from locations that are unstable or restricted. Use a map or a GPS on your mobile to keep track of where you are.
Understanding Volcanic Hazards and Safety
Lava viewing on the Big Island is an exhilarating experience but requires awareness of potential hazards. Volcanic activity can change rapidly, creating unpredictable conditions. It is vital to stay informed about the latest alerts, warnings, and advisories issued by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Key hazards include:
Lava Flows: Molten lava can move quickly and unpredictably. Staying at a safe distance is crucial. Never attempt to approach or touch flowing lava.
Volcanic Gases: Kilauea emits volcanic gases, including sulfur dioxide (SO2), which can cause respiratory irritation, especially for people with asthma or other respiratory conditions. High concentrations can be dangerous. Monitor air quality and avoid areas with strong gas odors.
Lava Rock Instability: Lava fields are often uneven and unstable. Hidden cracks, holes, and thin lava crusts can pose a risk of falls and injuries. Wear sturdy shoes and stay on designated trails.
Ocean Entry Hazards: When lava flows into the ocean, it creates “laze,” a plume of hydrochloric acid gas and steam that can cause eye and lung irritation. Explosions can also occur as molten lava interacts with seawater. Maintain a safe distance from ocean entries.
Earthquakes: Volcanic activity is often accompanied by earthquakes. Be prepared for the possibility of ground shaking and the potential for landslides or rockfalls.
Weather Conditions: The Big Island’s weather can be unpredictable. Prepare for hot sun, strong winds, and sudden rain. Dress in layers, wear sunscreen, and stay hydrated.
Always heed the warnings of park rangers and local authorities. If you have any concerns, seek expert help. Prioritize safety above all else.
Kilauea Eruptions: Past and Present
Kilauea, one of the world’s most active volcanoes, has a rich eruptive history. The most recent significant eruption occurred from 2018 to 2023, causing widespread changes to the landscape and impacting communities near the volcano. The 2018 eruption involved a collapse of the summit caldera and lava flows that destroyed hundreds of homes in the lower Puna district. Subsequent eruptions, including those in 2020, 2021 and 2023 occurred within Halema’uma’u crater, creating a lava lake that was visible from various viewpoints within Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. The volcanic activity, the seismic activity, and the volcanic gases are constantly monitored. Before you make any attempt to visit an area that might show volcanic activity, check the warnings, advisories, and activity updates that have been issued by official organizations.
Understanding Kilauea’s past eruptions provides context for the present-day volcanic landscape. The lava fields, volcanic craters, and geological formations seen today are the result of countless eruptions over thousands of years. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park offers exhibits, guided tours, and educational programs that delve into the volcano’s history and geology. By learning about the past, you can gain a deeper appreciation for the power and dynamism of Kilauea.
Preparing for Your Lava Viewing Trip
To make the most of your lava viewing experience, careful planning is essential. Here’s a checklist of things to consider:
Check Volcanic Activity: Before your trip, check the latest updates on volcanic activity from the USGS and Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Be aware of any alerts, closures, or safety advisories.
Book Accommodations: The Big Island offers a range of accommodations, from hotels and resorts to vacation rentals and campsites. Book in advance, especially during peak season. Consider staying in or near Volcano Village for easy access to Hawaii Volcanoes National Park.
Pack Appropriately: Dress in layers to adapt to changing weather conditions. Wear sturdy hiking shoes, sunscreen, a hat, and sunglasses. Bring plenty of water and snacks. A flashlight or headlamp is essential for nighttime viewing.
Rent a Car: Having your own transportation is highly recommended, as public transportation is limited on the Big Island. A rental car allows you to explore the island at your own pace and access lava viewing locations.
Consider a Guided Tour: If you’re unfamiliar with the area or want to learn more about volcanism, consider booking a guided tour. Knowledgeable guides can provide valuable insights, ensure your safety, and enhance your experience.
Respect the Environment: Stay on designated trails, avoid disturbing vegetation, and pack out everything you pack in. Respect the cultural significance of the land and treat it with care. It’s always a good idea to follow the principles of Leave No Trace.
Beyond Lava: Exploring the Big Island
The Big Island offers a wealth of attractions beyond lava viewing. Take time to explore the island’s diverse landscapes, from black sand beaches to lush rainforests. Here are some suggestions:
Punalu’u Black Sand Beach: This stunning black sand beach is a popular spot for sunbathing and turtle spotting. Take photos, but keep your distance from the turtles.
Akaka Falls State Park: Hike through a lush rainforest to witness the majestic Akaka Falls, cascading 442 feet into a gorge.
Waipio Valley: This remote valley is accessible by 4-wheel drive or hiking. It’s known for its stunning views, black sand beach, and rich cultural history.
Mauna Kea Observatories: Visit the summit of Mauna Kea for unparalleled stargazing opportunities. Join a guided tour or attend a stargazing program at the visitor information station. Note: always respect cultural and environmental guidelines when visiting.
Coffee Plantations: Tour a local coffee plantation and sample the famous Kona coffee. Learn about the coffee-growing process from bean to cup.
Pu’uhonua o Honaunau National Historical Park: Also known as the Place of Refuge, this park offers a glimpse into ancient Hawaiian history and culture.
By combining lava viewing with other activities, you can create a well-rounded and unforgettable Big Island adventure.
Capturing the Moment: Photography Tips
Documenting your lava viewing experience is a must. Here are some photography tips to help you capture stunning images:
Use a Tripod: A tripod is essential for sharp photos, especially in low-light conditions. It allows you to use longer shutter speeds without blurring the image.
Shoot in RAW Format: RAW format captures more image data than JPEG, giving you greater flexibility when editing your photos.
Experiment with Shutter Speed: Use slow shutter speeds to capture the motion of flowing lava or fast shutter speeds to freeze the action of explosions.
Use a Wide-Angle Lens: A wide-angle lens is ideal for capturing the vastness of the volcanic landscape.
Use a Telephoto Lens: A telephoto lens allows you to zoom in on distant lava flows and capture details that you wouldn’t otherwise see.
Shoot at Night: Lava glows most brilliantly at night, creating dramatic photo opportunities. Experiment with long exposures and light painting techniques.
Protect Your Gear: Volcanic dust and gases can damage your camera equipment. Use a protective filter on your lens and store your camera in a sealed bag when not in use.
Be Patient: Capturing the perfect lava photo requires patience and persistence. Be prepared to wait for the right moment and experiment with different settings.
With the right gear and techniques, you can capture stunning lava photos that will preserve your memories for years to come.
Respecting Hawaiian Culture and Traditions
The Hawaiian Islands are steeped in rich culture and traditions. As a visitor, it’s important to be respectful of the local culture and customs. Here are some guidelines:
Ask Permission Before Photographing People: Always ask for permission before taking photos of local people, especially elders.
Respect Sacred Sites: Many places in Hawaii are considered sacred. Avoid entering restricted areas and treat these sites with reverence.
Learn a Few Hawaiian Phrases: Learning a few basic Hawaiian phrases, such as “aloha” (hello/goodbye) and “mahalo” (thank you), can go a long way in showing respect.
Support Local Businesses: Support local businesses and artisans whenever possible. Buy locally made products and dine at local restaurants.
Be Mindful of Your Impact: Be mindful of your impact on the environment and try to minimize your carbon footprint. Dispose of waste properly and avoid using single-use plastics.
By showing respect for Hawaiian culture and traditions, you can contribute to a positive and enriching experience for yourself and the local community.
Travel Insurance Considerations
Given the potential risks associated with lava viewing and travel in general, it’s important to consider purchasing travel insurance. Travel insurance can protect you against unexpected medical expenses, trip cancellations, lost luggage, and other unforeseen events. When choosing a travel insurance policy, make sure it covers activities such as hiking, helicopter tours, and boat tours. Read the fine print carefully and understand the policy’s limitations and exclusions. Consider purchasing a policy that includes coverage for emergency medical evacuation in case of injury or illness. Comparing several travel insurance comparison sites is a great way to see each company’s coverage. While one option is InsureMyTrip.com, always look around and compare to make sure you select the insurance that best suits your needs.
FAQ Section
What is the best time of year to see lava on the Big Island?
Volcanic activity is unpredictable, so there is no guaranteed “best” time to see lava. However, lava is more visible at night, regardless of the time of year. Check current eruption status and access conditions closer to your travel dates.
Is it safe to roast marshmallows over lava?
No, it is not safe, and it is strongly discouraged. Approaching lava closely is dangerous due to intense heat, volcanic gases, and unstable ground conditions. Eating food that has been around volcanic gases or roasting materials is not recommended.
What should I do if I experience respiratory irritation from volcanic gases?
Move away from the area with strong gas odors to a location with fresh air. If you have asthma or other respiratory conditions, use your medication as prescribed. If symptoms worsen, seek medical attention.
Can I bring lava rocks home as souvenirs?
It is generally discouraged to remove lava rocks from Hawaii, as it is considered disrespectful to Hawaiian culture. Some believe that it can bring bad luck. Additionally, it is illegal to remove rocks from national parks.
How far in advance should I book helicopter or boat tours?
Book as far in advance as possible, especially during peak season (winter and summer months). Popular tours can sell out weeks or even months in advance.
What are the altitude considerations on the island?
The Big Island has some very high points, most notably Mauna Kea, so altitude sickness is a real possibility if you visit the summit. Acclimatize gradually by spending a few days at lower elevations before ascending. Drink plenty of water and avoid strenuous activity. If you experience symptoms of altitude sickness, such as headache, nausea, or dizziness, descend immediately.
Are there any age restrictions for helicopter or boat tours?
Age restrictions vary by tour operator. Some helicopter tours may have minimum age or weight requirements. Check with the specific tour operator before booking.
References
- U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) – Hawaiian Volcano Observatory
- National Park Service – Hawaii Volcanoes National Park
- Hawaii Tourism Authority
- InsureMyTrip.com
Ready to witness the Earth’s power firsthand? The Big Island of Hawaii awaits, offering a spectacular display of volcanic activity and breathtaking landscapes. Plan your trip now, prioritize safety, and prepare for an unforgettable adventure. Don’t just dream about seeing lava – make it a reality! Start researching accommodation and tours today. The Big Island is calling!
